BLT Floor System

FLOOR SYSTEM & ROOF
SLAB SYSTEM
Floor System
1. The system of structural components

which separate the stories of a building.
2. In a building, the structural floor
assembly between the beams and
girders.
PRE-CAST
-concrete is made in a plant and shipped

to a site as individual units
CAST-IN-PLACE
-is mixed and poured directly into a mold

on-site.
Types of floor system
Types of floor system
1. Flat Slab Floor System

2. Flat Plate System
3. Ribbed and Waffle Slabs
4. Waffle slabs
5. Lift Slab Method
-A flat slab is a two-way reinforced concrete

slab that usually does not have beams and
girders, and the loads are transferred directly to
the supporting concrete columns.
FLAT-SLAB
-The principal features of a flat slab floor are a

flat soffit, simple formwork and easy
construction.
What Is A Camber?
-To camber means to slightly curve or bend.
CAMBER
CAMBER
-The column tends to punch through the slab in

Flat Slabs, which can be treated by: Using a
DROP PANEL and a COLUMN CAPITAL in flat
slab
DROP PANEL
- Drop panels act as T-beams over the

supports. They increase the shear
capacity and the stiffness of the floor
system under vertical loads, thus
increasing the economical span range.
section
Drop panelS
DROP PANELS
Uses of Drop Panels and of Column Heads
-It increase shear strength of slab

-It stiffen the slab and hence reduce
deflection
DROP PANELS
-Drop panels play a significant role as they

augment the overall capacity and sturdiness of
the flooring system beneath the vertical loads
thereby boosting cost effectiveness of the
construction.
-Usually the height of drop panels is about two

times the height of slab.
Types of Flat Slab Construction
-Flat slab with drop panels

-flat slab with column heads
-Flat slab with both drop panels and
column heads
Types of Flat Slab Construction
Areas That Require Attention in
Design of Flat Slab
1. Deflections
– Usually at the center of each panel

deflections are maximum. Foreseeing
deflections can be very tricky and will engage
some form of elastic appraisal.
Design of Flat Slab
Design of Flat Slab
2 Proprietary
-punching shear reinforcement systems - In

case of thin flat slab construction punching
shear reinforcements are indispensable.
Design of Flat Slab
3. Optimization of Main reinforcement

- In certain design procedures,
especially in yield line output is better
optimized than in other desion mendos
Advantages of Flat Slabs
• Simple formwork.
• No beams--simplifying under-floor services outside
the drops
• Minimum structural depth
• Even though building flat slabs can be an expensive
affair but gives immense freedom to architects and
engineers the luxury of designing.
• Flexibility in room layout
• Saving in building height
• Shorter construction time
• Ease of installation of M&E services
2. FLAT PLATE SYSTEM
A flat plate is a one- or two-way system usually

supported directly on columns or load bearing
walls.
It is one of the most common forms of
construction of floors in buildings. The principal
feature of the flat plate floor is a uniform or
near- uniform thickness with a flat soffit which
requires only simple formwork and is easy to
construct.
Advantages of System
1. Simple formwork and suitable for direct fix or

sprayed ceiling.
2. No beams--simplifying under- floor services
3. Minimum structural depth and reduced floor-
to floor height.
disadvantages of System
1. Medium spans
2. May need shear heads or shear
reinforcement at the columns or larger
columns for shear
3. Long-term deflection may be controlling
factor
4. May not be suitable for supporting brittle
(masonry) partitions
3. RIBBED SLABS
3. Ribbed Slabs
Ribbed slabs are made up of wide band beams

running between columns with narrow ribs
spanning the orthogonal direction. Normally the
ribs and the beams are the same depth. A thin
topping slab completes the system.
3. Ribbed Slabs
3. Ribbed Slabs
4. WAFFLE SLAB
4. Waffle slabs
Waffle slabs tend to be deeper than the

equivalent ribbed slab. Waffle slabs have a thin
topping slab and narrow ribs spanning in both
directions between column heads or band
beams. The column heads or band beams are
the same depth as the ribs.
4. Waffle slabs
4. Waffle slabs
4. Waffle slabs
Advantages of System:
• Excellent vibration control

• Fire resistance
• Attractive soffit appearance if exposed
• Speed of construction
Disadvantages of System:
• Requires special or proprietary formwork

• Greater floor-to-floor height
5. LIFT SLAB METHOD
5. Lift Slab Method
Lift slab construction is a method of

constructing concrete buildings by casting the
floor or roof slab on top of the previous slab and
then raising the slab up with hydraulic jacks, so
being cheaper and faster as it does not need
forms & shores as it is needed for cast- in-place
slabs.
5. Lift Slab Method
5. Lift Slab Method
Lift-slab construction can be more economic

than conventional construction when the
building is vertically uniform, such as for hotels,
apartment buildings, and dormitories, and
where the slab designs are repetitive.
5. Lift Slab Method
Sequence of Lifting Slabs The sequence of lifting

slabs is influenced by the following factors:
• Weight of the slabs.
• Height of the building
• Lifting capacity of jacks
Advantages or System:
The advantage of this system is that the only

formwork required is to the edges of the slabs
and no centering is required to the soffit of the
slabs.
Lift Slab Method
Lift Slab Method
Lift Slab Method
Lift Slab Method
Lift Slab Method
Lift Slab Method
Lift Slab Method
The advantage of this system is that the only

formwork required is to the edges of the slabs
and no centering is required to the soffit of the
slabs.
Lift-slab construction method becomes more

advantageous in buildings with similar floor
plans throughout the height of the building.
Limitation:
This method is not use for multi-storey building,

only use for 15-16 storey building. No large span
slab are constructed in this type of construction,
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FLOOR SYSTEM & ROOF

1. The system of structural components

-concrete is made in a plant and shipped

-is mixed and poured directly into a mold

1. Flat Slab Floor System

-A flat slab is a two-way reinforced concrete

-The principal features of a flat slab floor are a

-The column tends to punch through the slab in

- Drop panels act as T-beams over the

Uses of Drop Panels and of Column Heads

-It increase shear strength of slab

-Drop panels play a significant role as they

-Usually the height of drop panels is about two

-Flat slab with drop panels

– Usually at the center of each panel

-punching shear reinforcement systems - In

3. Optimization of Main reinforcement

A flat plate is a one- or two-way system usually

1. Simple formwork and suitable for direct fix or

Ribbed slabs are made up of wide band beams

Waffle slabs tend to be deeper than the

• Excellent vibration control

• Requires special or proprietary formwork

Lift slab construction is a method of

Lift-slab construction can be more economic

Sequence of Lifting Slabs The sequence of lifting

The advantage of this system is that the only

The advantage of this system is that the only

Lift-slab construction method becomes more

This method is not use for multi-storey building,

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