Sulaimani Polytechnic University

Halabja Technical Institute

Medical Laboratory technique

First stage

Subject: Microtechnique (practical and theory)

Course Book (Year- 1)

Lecturer's name: Rafee Habib Askandar

Academic Year: 2021-2022

 Course book

1. Course name Microtechnique

2.Lecturer in charge
3. Department Medical Laboratory Technique
4. Contact Rafee.askandar@spu.edu.iq
5. Time (in hours) per week Theory: one hour
Practical: 3 hours
6. office hours Availability of the lecturer during the
week
7. Course code
8. Teacher s academic My name is Rafee Habib Askandar, I

profile learned a bachelor of Biology from

Salahaddin University in 2004, and
master science of Medical
Microbiology in 2015 from Islamic
Azad University/ Science and
Research Branch/ Tehran
9. Keyword Microtechnique, Microtome, Biopsy,
stains.
10. Course overview
In this section the lecturer shall write an overview about the subject he/she
is giving. The course overview must cover:
▪ It has importance role in medicine and tissue abnormalities. ▪ This course
is a basic course for MLT students and other who are interested in areas
related to diseases determining. ▪ Microtechnique is any various methods
of handling and preparing material for microscopic observation and study of
abnormal changes through the tissues. Or the aggregate of the methods
and procedures used to study the structure, and physical properties of
cells, tissues, and organs by means of light microscopes. ▪ These
techniques include the preparation of living specimens for microscopic
examination.
11. Course objective
Theory and practice of preparing samples of patient for microscopic
examination, through this course of study, it tend to make the students to
understand Microtechnique of various tissues, and preparation of
histological and cytological samples.
12. student s obligation
A student has an obligation to exhibit honesty and to respect the ethical
standards of the profession in carrying out his or her academic
assignments. Without limiting the application of this principle, a student
may be found to have violated this obligation if he or she:
1. Refers during an academic evaluation to materials or sources, or
employs devices, not authorized by the department member.
2. Provides assistance during an academic evaluation to another person in
a manner not authorized by the department member.
13. Form of teaching
The lecturers are given to students by means of power point presentation
with discussion method. And practical part during laboratory.
14. Assessment scheme
Examinations for first and second exam (15 marks practical and 10 marks
theoretical), with some quiz examinations (5 marks).in final exam (30 marks
for practical and 20 marks for theoretical).
15. Student learning outcome:
The student should be able to prepare different types of cytological &
histological preparation the required solutions, identification of common
encountered technical errors & application of immediate remedies.
16. Course Reading List and References :
1- Ali, M.D. (1987) Practical Medical Technology.
2- Gray, p (1952) Handbook of Basic Microtechnique. New York , Blakiston
Company.
3- Majida, A. R., Balkis Y., and Kawkab S. (1983) Microtechnique.
Baghdad.
4- Gray, P (1954) texts The microtomist's formulary and guide. New york,
blakiston.
17. Theoretical Topics
Number of week Title of the subject
1 Definition of micro technique, histology, cytology,
understanding the difference between these sciences &
definitions of histological techniques, exfoliative cytology
& their diagnostic significance.
2 How taken histological specimen from human, Definition
of Autopsy and biopsy. How to obtain (histological
specimens) from human & animals. Definition of (biopsy)
& (autopsy) & the difference between them.
3 Some pathological change in tissues such as
inflammation and Tumor.
4 Necrosis
5 Atrophy
6 Gangrene
7 Steps for preparation slides from histological specimen,
fixation, Type of fixatives, Advantage and disadvantage of
them, Infiltration, Clearing, Dehydration ,Washing
8 Sectioning and the instrument which is used such as
microtome, Common error in Sectioning
9 Staining
10 Factors affecting the staining
11 Definition of some terminology; Mordant, Accelerator,
counter stain, Bleaching, Basophilic stain, Acidophilic
stain.
12 Routine stain
 13 Special stain
14 Verhoffs stain, Bests carmine stain
Electronic microscope
15 Exfoliated Cytology
16 General forms of normal cells and cancer cells
17 Collection of specimen for histopathological examination
How management the error occur during the steps of
preparation the histopathological slides
18 How management the error occur during the steps of
preparation the histopathological slides
19 How to prepare histopathological slides from bone
tissues
18. Practical Topics

Number of weeks Title of the Subject

1 Lab safety
2 Introduction to Microtechnique, tools& instrument
which are used in this technique. How to prepare
different volume of alcohols.
3 How taken histological specimen from human
4 Steps for preparation slides from histological specimen
5 Washing
6 Dehydration
7 Clearing
8 Infiltration
9 Sectioning and the instrument which is used such as
microtome.
10 Common error in Sectioning
11 Mounting
12 Staining with (H&E)
13 Factors affecting the staining
14 Covering with Canada Balsam
15 Special stain
16 Verhoffs stain,Bests carmine stain
17 Sudan III stain & how stain Adipose tissues
18 Electronic microscope
 19 Exfoliative Cytology
20 General forms of normal cells and cancer cells
21 Collection of specimen for histopathological examination
22 How management the error occur during the steps of
preparation the histopathological slides
23 How to prepare histopathological slides from bone
tissues
24 prepare histopathological slides from breast tissues
25 Showing the student the hospital Lab.
26 prepare histopathological slides from uterus tissues
27 Prepare smear of sputum& serum fluid
28 How to store prepared slid

Practical

Weeks subject Goal of the subject ‫ناوةروكى زانستى بابةتةكة‬

َ
Week 1 Lab safety To protect yourself and What is lab safety , and how
work place protect yourself , what is this you
 should never do in the lab
Week 2 Micro To understand the lab What is micro technique, define
technique work and define the some important term that are
tools use used in the lab , and identify the
tools that are used during lab
work
Week 3 microscope How can use What is microscope, parts and the
work of each part and define
different type of microscope
Week 4 cytology Microscopic What is the cell, cytology and how
examination of the cell cane prepare cell sample for
microscopic examination.
Week 5 Tissue How can tissue What is histology and tissue? the
sampling methods used for tissue sampling
autopsy , biopsy
Week 6 Tissue How make tissue for What is tissue processing ,
processing microscopic principle of tissue processing and
examination tissue processing steps
Week 7 fixation Tissue preservation for What are fixation, different type
long time without of fixation with advantage and
autolysis disadvantage and each type of
fixation used for what?
Week 8 -washing -Remove of fixative -What is tissue washing in tissue
-dehydration reagent. processing , and what is the
-Remove of washing washing reagent , why do washing
reagent -What is dehydration in tissue
processing , and what is
dehydration reagent , why do
dehydration
Week 9
Week 10 -Clearing -Remove of dehydration -What is clearing in tissue
-infiltration reagent processing, and there are reagent
 -make hard tissue that are used clearing steep.
-What is infiltration and
infiltration reagent and why do
this step in tissue processing

Week 11 Embedding make tissue for cutting What is embedding , and reagent
and why do this step

Week 12 microtome cutting tissue for thin What is sectioning and why do
section this step
Week 13 sectioning Macke thin section For microscopic examination

Week 14 Staining staining the tissue by What is staining , type of staining

And type of different dye and the purpose of staining
stain
Week 15 Showing the To viewed the How the pathologist work in the
student histopathology lab lab
hospital lab practically
Week 16 review Review briefly To detect the goal of all work

Week 17 decalcification How make hard bone What is decalcification , reagent

for microscopic use.
examination
Week 18 Common Prevent and correct the What is common error and how
error error can prevent the error during
tissue processing
Week 19 Differentiation For detect abnormal cell What is the difference between
between normal normal and abnormal cell
and abnormal
cell
Week 20 Leukemia Detect blood cancer What is leukemia , and type of
leukemia
Week 21 Urine in Detect abnormal cell in How we can prepare urine sample
 urinary tract urine for cytology and what is method
lesion of urine sampling.
Week 22 Urine in Non- Detect abnormal cell in How we can prepare urine sample
neoplastic urine for cytology and what is method
renal of urine sampling.
parenchymal
disease
Week 23 CSF Detect abnormal cell in How pathologist can take CSF
CSF fluid , and detect of cancer cell