FUNDAMENTALS OF TRANSPORT

TPT 250

GROUP PROJECT
DRIVER BEHAVIOR: DRUNK DRIVER

FACULTY OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

BA 1114A

NAME MATRICS NUMBER

NUR ZAHIDAH BINTI ZAKARIA 2019287102

NUR AQILAH BINTI MOHD YANIS 2019679656

PUTRI LIYANA BATRISYIA BINTI JEFFRI 2019433128

NUR SYAURAH NABILAH BINTI NOR’AZAM 2019289466

NUR ASYIKIN BINTI MAHASSAN 2019603776

DATE OF SUBMISSION:
INTRODUCTION OF THE ISSUE

The most important aspect as a concerned road user is the driver behavior. Driver
behavior, in general, refers to a set of acts taken to ensure public safety and adherence to traffic
laws. Drunk driving behavior, on the other hand, is distinct from other types of driver behavior
because it impacts the drivers' physical and mental states. Drunk driving occurs when a person
runs a vehicle while inebriated. Alcohol has a major impact on physiological systems that are
essential in driving and functioning. In fact, alcohol impairs a variety of abilities that are required
to perform daily tasks.

Drunk driving occurs in every country across the world. South Africa is one of the
world's most dangerous countries for road accidents, according to the World Health
Organization's 2015 Global Status Report on Road Safety, with 25.1 deaths per 100,000 people
each year. In the United States, alcohol impairment is responsible for six out of every ten road
deaths. Furthermore, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) of the
United States Department of Transportation reported that 10,142 people died in alcohol-impaired
collisions in 2019, indicating that the number of alcohol-related crashes is on the rise, with the
majority of drunk drivers hailing from generation Y.

Drunk driving is still a serious problem in Malaysia. According to the World Health
Organization (WHO), Malaysia has the third highest fatality rate from road traffic accidents in
Asean and Asia. A high number of people are killed each year as a result of drunk drivers.
Despite the Malaysian government's promises to establish stricter rules with stiffer punishments,
the problem has quickly escalated into PAS requests for action, ranging from fewer places
permitted to serve alcohol to sales suspensions and even the eventual closure of the Malaysian
alcohol industry.

But how often do we know about drunk driving in Malaysia? What is the scope of the
issue? How many people die each year in the country as a result of drunk driving accidents?
COUNTRY STATISTIC RELATED TO THE ISSUE

According to data, Malaysia is only second to Thailand and Vietnam in terms of road
deaths in Southeast Asia, but because the latter two have a larger population, the situation in
Malaysia is worse. Although the public is concerned about fatal incidents involving drunk
drivers, statistics indicate a different picture: less than one percent of all road deaths involved a
driver under the influence of alcohol. The number of cases of drunk driving in the first half of
2020 (1H20) has surpassed the previous yearly high..

Between January and June 2020, 155 incidents of drunk driving were reported
countrywide, according to Deputy Minister of Housing and Local Government (KPKT) Datuk
Seri Ismail Abd Muttalib. According to statistics, 618 people died as a result of drunk drivers
between 2010 and 2015. The figure could be greater based on the present scenario. Road deaths
are the top cause of death among our kids, according to Transport Minister Anthony Loke, who
testified before the House of Representatives. There were 161 and 139 drunk-driving instances
reported in 2016 and 2019, respectively. In the meantime, there were 771 occurrences of
alcohol-related accidents between 2016 and 2020, resulting in 44 deaths. According to Datin
ACP Asmawati Ahmad, the percentage of drunk-driving fatalities in 2014 was 0.041 percent of
total road fatalities in the country. She further stated that in 2010, 49 cases (0.021 percent) were
reported, followed by 33 cases (0.007 percent) in 2011, 136 cases (0.029 percent) in 2012, and
207 cases (0.043 percent) in 2013.

The government will consider organising a separate task force to oversee the enforcement
of alcohol-related legislation, similar to the task force established to handle drug-related issues.
Datuk Seri Ismail Abd Muttalib, the Deputy Minister of Housing and Local Government
(KPKT), said in June 2020 that they had also issued instructions informing all state governments
to identify premises selling alcoholic beverages and to increase enforcement to curb the negative
effects of alcohol consumption in the community. The Customs and Excise Law, which is
administered by the Royal Malaysian Customs Department and the Ministry of Finance, governs
the sale of alcoholic beverages in the country. Only after the licence met the standards stipulated
by the state government did the ministry, through local authorities, grant business premises
licences under the Trade, Business, and Industry licencing By-Laws.
DETAIL EXPLANATION AND REAL CASES RELATED TO THE ISSUE

It is clear that transport accidents in general are a top cause of medically-certified deaths
in Malaysia annually, and that police statistics show more than 6,000 persons dying every year
from road accidents.The problem of accidents involving drunk drivers has been on the rise in
recent times.The society demanding that the government overcome the matter by tightening the
existing laws related to the offence.Pertaining to those who want the government to take a
comprehensive approach to dealing with reckless drivers, recorded examples of motorists driving
when drunk or under the influence of alcohol and drugs have generated indignation.But when it
comes to drink driving specifically, it is not identified as a top cause of fatal road accidents,
based on official data published by the Malaysian government.

For example cases of drunk drivers is when a factory operator died after his motorcycle
was hit by a car driven by a man believed to be drunk at Kilometer 4 of the Kajang-Seremban
Highway (LEKAS), Kajang near here. The 37 -year -old victim was hit from behind and was
pronounced dead at the scene.According to the Royal Malaysia Police (PDRM), within five
months of the year, 21 incidents of drunk driving were reported, resulting in eight deaths, a
considerable increase from the 23 occurrences of drunk driving accidents reported last year.It is
as though lives do not matter when these intoxicated drivers are on the road. According to
reports, their chances of causing an accident are 13 times higher than those who are not under the
influence of alcohol.

In Malaysia, intoxicated driving is only punishable under Section 45A (1) of the Road
Transport Act 1987, which stipulates a fine of not less than RM1,000 and not more than
RM6,000, or a sentence of not less than 12 months in prison.Section 44 of the Road Transport
Act 1987, which carries a maximum punishment of RM10,000 and a potential prison term of 12
months, is used to penalise offenders who commit drunk driving offences that result in
death.This law has been criticised for being too weak and the penalties for being too light.It does
not appear to be proportionate to the loss of life and the suffering of the victim's family.
WHY AND HOW DOES THE ISSUE HAPPENED

This issue arises when certain individuals act selfishly without regard for the safety and
life of other road users. Anyone who is inclined to get drunk is actually ready to seek the lives of
thousands of different people. Mostly, repeat offenders are lucky to be alive or unharmed. This
caused them to repeat the problem without hesitation, and to do so without feeling guilty if it
affects the lives of others. Then, this problem keeps happening because they are not afraid of
legal actions. Most of them only need to pay the fines without being imprisoned when
committing an offense. They do not feel the burden of paying the fines imposed and will lead the
problem to continue to exist.

Next, it is dangerous to drive while intoxicated because the driving abilities can be
harmed by any amount of alcohol in their bloodstream. Alcohol misuse has a wide range of
effects, placing them at risk of causing an accident or highway harm. Driving safely necessitates
the ability to concentrate, make sound decisions, and react swiftly to changing circumstances.
Alcohol, on the other hand, impairs these abilities, putting them and others at risk. Here are some
of the ways in which alcohol hinders driving abilities. Firstly,lack of coordination.People may be
unable to avoid a potentially hazardous situation if they lack the necessary coordination abilities.
Walking difficulties, swaying, and an inability to stand straight are all telltale signs of a lack of
coordination.Too much alcohol can make it difficult to get into and start a car.

Besides, it will reduce the concentration.Regardless of how much or how little alcohol
they consume, it will affect their concentration. Many things require the entire attention while
driving, such as staying in the lane, the speed, other cars on the road, and traffic signals.
Drinking reduces their attention span, which raises the chances of being involved in an
accident.Next, the factors of rear-end collisions happen because when a person is drunk, their
potential to estimate distances is impaired, and the reaction time is decreased. As a result, they
may be unable to respond quickly enough when another driver slows or stops suddenly in front
of them. They may also be confident that they can drive slowly and stop when they actually
can't.
ACTION DONE BY THE PARTIES INVOLVED TO REDUCE THE ISSUE

Accidents involving intoxicated drivers leading to the death of others have been
increasingly common year by year, prompting several responses from the public, encouraging
the government to address the problem by tightening the offence's current regulations. The
increasing number of reported cases involving drunk drivers has prompted many people to
ensure that the government takes a comprehensive approach to dealing with drunk drivers.
Therefore,Malaysia's prime minister has proposed a number of direct adjustments to the Ministry
of Transport's proposal to alter the 1987 Road Transport Act (Act 333) to make anyone caught
driving while intoxicated face tougher punishments.

Besides, In Malaysia, drunk driving is punishable under Section 45A of the Road
Transport Act 1987, which stipulates a fine of not less than RM1,000 and not more than
RM6,000, or an imprisonment of not less than 12 months in prison.Then, if convicted again
subsequently, they will be imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years, and a fine of between
RM2000 and RM10000.They also will be disqualified from obtaining or holding a driving
license for a period of not less than 12 months from the date of conviction while for wrongdoer
who be responsible for drunk driving offence that results in death will be punished under Section
44 of the Road Transport Act 1987, which carries a fine of RM8,000 to RM20,000 as well as
imprisonment for a term ranging from 3 to 10 years. They also will be disqualified from holding
or obtaining a driving license for not less than 5 years from the date of conviction. If they are
convicted again subsequently, they will be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driving
license for 10 years from the date of conviction.

In addition, under section Sections 32(1) and 32(3) of the Road Transport Act 1987,once
the court orders that a person's driving license be suspended during the disqualification
period,they are not allowed to drive, or to apply for or obtain a driving license.
CONCLUSION

To summarise, drinking and driving is not acceptable. It is not worth the risks, and it is
not fair for a drunk driver to endanger the lives of others. It is well known that after consuming
alcohol, self-control becomes less stringent, and even when slightly inebriated, people are more
likely to believe that they can still drive safely (Steyvers and Brookhuis, 1996).

With technological advancements and applications such as Grab, MyCar, and other
ride-hailing alternatives, there is no reason to drive after a night out. Just don't drink and drive
for your own safety and the safety of others. To address the problem of drunk driving, everyone
who is caught should be sentenced to at least one year in prison or impose punishment in
accordance with established law based on the offense committed.

Malaysia is also known for being one of the most lenient countries in the world when it
comes to the legal limit for blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Malaysia has a blood alcohol
concentration (BAC) of 0.08, whereas countries like Taiwan and Japan have far lower BACs of
0.05 and 0.03 to be considered legally intoxicated. According to studies, a greater blood alcohol
concentration (BAC) affects response time and awareness on the road, particularly after drinking.
As a result, Malaysia should not only increase the severity of penalties for drunk driving, but also
lower the permitted blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit – possibly to zero – to discourage
drunk driving. The passage of this new law is urgently required. The government needs to start
pressing for its core legislative framework so that the plan can be presented to Parliament sooner.
To protect innocent lives, stricter laws must be enacted. It would also be beneficial if the
government strengthened its regulation efforts in the alcohol business in general, including
restricting the sale of alcohol to people under the age of 21. Stores can help by mandating that
alcohol be exhibited apart from other food items and that health warning labels be placed on
alcohol packages and display racks.

As a result, it is hoped that all drivers are aware of this serious matter as it involves your
life as well as the lives of others. Consider the people who are significant to you. It is not worth
putting your life, the lives of others, and your entire future on the line. Do not drink and drive. It
is one test you cannot afford to fail.
APPENDICES
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