Lesson 3: Perform Manual Radar Plotting
Lesson 3: Perform Manual Radar Plotting
Lesson 3: Perform Manual Radar Plotting
S = D X 10 S =DX6 S =DX5
D = S /10 D =S/6 D =S/5
Required:
Procedures:
1. Layoff own ship course;
2. Plot 1st radar observation, then mark it r;
3. Plot 2nd radar observation, then mark it m;
4. Connect r to m, to get the RML;
5. Transfer RML to the center to get the DRML in degrees;
6. Draw perpendicular line to DRM to intersect RML, you can get the CPA;
1
7. Measure distance from the center to the CPA to get the RCPA;
8. To get BCPA draw a line from the center to the CPA extend beyond;
To get SRM:
9. Measure distance from r to m then multiplied it by 10 (if observation time is 6
minutes) or multiplied it by 5 (if observation time is 12 minutes), the result is SRM;
or
10. Use Logarithmic: Time, Speed and Distance Scale;
2
2. Your ship is on course 225° with a speed of 12.5 knots. Your radar is set on the 12-mile
scale, a contact is observed as follows:
Time Bearing Range(miles) Ref. Pt.
Required:
1. Direction of Relative Motion (DRM)
2. Closest Point of Approach (CPA)
3. Range of Closest Point of Approach (RCPA)
4. Bearing of CPA (BCPA)
5. Speed of Relative Movement (SRM)
6. Time to CPA “time to elapse” (TCPA)
7. Time at CPA
8. Target True Course (TTC)
9. Target True Speed (TTS)
10. Target Aspect (TAS) at M.
11. Target Aspect (TAS) at CPA
3. Your own ship is steering 320˚ T at a speed of 18 knots. Echoes are observed as follows:
Required:
1. Direction of Relative Motion (DRM)
2. Closest Point of Approach (CPA)
3. Range of Closest Point of Approach (RCPA)
4. Bearing of CPA (BCPA)
5. Speed of Relative Movement (SRM)
6. Time to CPA “time to elapse” (TCPA)
7. Time at CPA
8. Target True Course (TTC)
9. Target True Speed (TTS)
10. Target Aspect (TAS) at M.
11. Target Aspect (TAS) at CPA
3
The Plot When Own Ship Manoeuvres
When it is decided (after assessment of the initial plot) that it is necessary for own
ship to manoeuvre, it is essential to determine the effect of that manoeuvre prior to its
execution and to ensure that it will result in a safe passing distance. After the manoeuvre
has been completed, plotting must be continued to ensure that the manoeuvre is having the
desired effect.
Because of the time taken for a change in speed to have effect on the apparent
motion line, the mariner will frequently select a change in course it will achieve a satisfactory
passing distance, this has some distinct advantages:
1. It is quick to take effect.
2. The vessel retains steerage way.
3. The encounter may be more quickly cleared
4. It is more likely to be detected if the other vessel is plotting.
5. It complies with the spirit of rule 8c of COLREG.
Plotting Problems:
1. Own ship on course 000˚ T and its speed is 15.0 knots. At the times shown below, a
radar contact was observed on the following bearings and the listed ranges:
Option: When the target closes in at 5.0 n. m., alter own ship course 30° to starboard and
record the time of execution and bearing of the target. When own ship had reached her
desired course, take a record of the time, bearing and range of the target.
Assuming the following are the radar observations taken.
Required:
4
Procedures:
1. Lay-off own ship course;
2. Plot 1st radar observation (bearing and range of target) mark it r;
3. Plot 2nd radar observation (bearing and range of target) mark it m;
4. Connect 1st and 2nd observation to get RML;
5. Draw perpendicular line to RML to get the CPA;
6. Measure distance from the center to the CPA to get the RCPA;
7. Measure distance from r to m and use time interval to get SRM;
8. Measure distance from m to CPA then use SRM to get TCPA (using Logarithmic
scale);
9. Add the TCPA to the time at m to get time at CPA
5
2. Own ship on course 050˚T and its speed is 19.4 knots. At the times shown below, a
radar contact was observed on the following bearings and the listed ranges:
Time Bearing Range Ref. Pt.
Option: When the target closes in at 4.5 n. m., alter own ship course 25° to
starboard and record the time of execution and bearing of the target. When own ship had
reached her desired course, take a record of the time, bearing and range of the target.
Assuming the following are the radar observations taken.
Required: