28 Regulation of Gas Content in Blood: Check Your Progress

HKDSE Biology – a modern approach 5
Suggested answers to coursebook exercises
28 Regulation of Gas Content in Blood
Check your progress
28.1 Importance of regulation of gas content in blood
True or false
1. F
2. T
3. F
4. T (1 mark each)
(Total: 4 marks)
28.2 Control of breathing
Multiple choice
1. C
2. D
3. B (1 mark each)
(Total: 3 marks)
28.3 Control of the cardiac output
A. Multiple choice
1. B
2. D
3. A (1 mark each)
(Total: 3 marks)
B. Question
1. (a)
© 2010 Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 1

X W
(1 mark each) (4 marks)

(b) A: aortic pressure (1 mark)
B: ventricular pressure (1 mark)
C: atrial pressure (1 mark)
(Total: 7 marks)
28.4 Effects of exercise
Multiple choice
1. B
2. B
3. D (1 mark each)
(Total: 3 marks)

Revision Exercise
Structured questions
1. (a) increase in carbon dioxide concentration in blood (1 mark)

decrease in oxygen concentration in blood (1 mark)
(b) Any two of the following: (1 mark each) (2 marks)
- aortic bodies on the inner walls of the aorta
- carotid bodies on the inner walls of the carotid arteries
- respiratory centre in the medulla oblongata
(c) Nerve X: external intercostal nerve (1 mark)
Nerve Y: phrenic nerve (1 mark)
Both nerves belong to the autonomic nervous system (1 mark)
(d) Rate of breathing increases. (1 mark)
Depth of breathing increases. (1 mark)
These responses help the body obtain more oxygen (1 mark)
and remove more carbon dioxide (1 mark)
so as to maintain the constant concentrations of these gases. (1 mark)
(Total: 12 marks)
2. (a) Rate of oxygen absorption

= breathing rate x volume of air breathed in each time x
(% of oxygen in inhaled air - % of oxygen in exhaled air) (1 mark)
3 -1 -1
∴ 0.3 dm min = 15 min x volume of air breathed in each time x (21-17%) (1 mark)
Volume of air breathed in each time = 0.5 dm3 (1 mark)
(b) The rate of oxygen absorption increases. (1 mark)
The change was brought about by increasing the rate (1 mark)
and depth of breathing. (1 mark)
(c) anaerobic respiration (1 mark)
(d) Blood lactic acid level / concentration would increase. (1 mark)
Sketch a curve that starts with a rising phase and (1 mark)
plateau / follows with a decelerating phase (1 mark)
(e) Extra amount of oxygen was obtained after exercise (1 mark)
to convert lactic acid back to glucose / pay off the oxygen debt. (1 mark)
(Total: 12 marks)
3. (a) Increased contraction of skeletal muscles during exercise (1 mark)

compresses the veins within the muscles. (1 mark)
This increases the return of blood to the heart via venae cavae. (1 mark)

The stretching of vanae cavae stimulates the stretch receptors within the walls of venae
cavae. (1 mark)
(b) medulla oblongata (1 mark)
(c) sinoatrial node / pacemaker (1 mark)
(d) Sympathetic nerve (1 mark)
Sympathetic nerve sends nerve impulses to the sinoatrial node which initiates heart
beat more frequently / increases the heart rate. (1 mark)
The cardiac output thus increases accordingly. (1 mark)
(e) adrenaline (1 mark)
(Total: 10 marks)
4. (a) Heart rate = 60 / 0.8 (1 mark)

= 75 beats per minute (1 mark)
(b) atrial systole (1 mark)
The atrial pressure increases during the period. (1 mark)
(c) (i) Bicuspid and tricuspid valves are closed. (1 mark)
(ii) Semi-lunar valves are closed. (1 mark)
(iii) The ventricular volume remains constant (1 mark)
but the ventricular pressure increases. (1 mark)
(d) Blood flows from the ventricle into the aorta. (1 mark)
The ventricular pressure exceeds the aortic pressure throughout the time. (1 mark)
(e) At time 0.4s, the ventricular pressure falls below the aortic pressure. (1 mark)
Blood in the aorta tends to flow back into the ventricle. (1 mark)
As a result, a sound is produced when the semilunar valves in the aorta are closed.
(1 mark)
(f) The duration of cardiac cycle would become shorter (1 mark)
and the pressures become greater. (1 mark)
(Total: 15 marks)
5. (a) To initiate cardiac muscle contraction and start the cardiac cycle. (1 mark)
(b) The heart cannot contract properly. (1 mark)
If the heart beats arrhythmically, it cannot pump out the blood effectively which may
lead to death. (1 mark)
(c) The artificial pacemaker is an electronic device which is sensitive to the magnetic
field. (1 mark)
A strong magnetic field may damage its function and this will put the life of the
patients at risk. (1 mark)
(d) Contents (3 marks)
Organisation (1 mark)

(Discussion should be related to the ethics of biotechnology application.)

(Total: 9 marks)
6. (a) Aerobic respiration (1 mark)

as indicated by the oxygen consumed during exercise. (1 mark)
Anaerobic respiration (1 mark)
as indicated by the oxygen debt. (1 mark)
(b) Increased oxygen consumption is fulfilled by increasing the rate and depth of breathing
(1 mark)
as well as the cardiac output. (1 mark)
(c) Area X represents the extra amount of oxygen taken during recovery (1 mark)
to repay the oxygen debt / to convert lactic acid back to glucose. (1 mark)
(Total: 8 marks)

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HKDSE Biology – a modern approach 5

Suggested answers to coursebook exercises

28 Regulation of Gas Content in Blood

Check your progress

28.1 Importance of regulation of gas content in blood

28.2 Control of breathing

28.3 Control of the cardiac output

© 2010 Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 1

(1 mark each) (4 marks)

28.4 Effects of exercise

© 2010 Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2

1. (a) increase in carbon dioxide concentration in blood (1 mark)

2. (a) Rate of oxygen absorption

3. (a) Increased contraction of skeletal muscles during exercise (1 mark)

© 2010 Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 3

4. (a) Heart rate = 60 / 0.8 (1 mark)

© 2010 Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 4

(Discussion should be related to the ethics of biotechnology application.)

6. (a) Aerobic respiration (1 mark)

© 2010 Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 5

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