UNIT OVERVIEW

This unit offers you the following:

Lesson 1. Public Speaking

Lesson 2. Speech according to purpose
Lesson 3. Speech according to delivery
Lesson 4. Speech according to special occasions
Lesson 5. Computer-Mediated Communication

Communication is one of the most basic functions of management, the manager

can make a good decision, think out well conceived plans, establish a sound organization
structure, and even be well linked by his associates. Good communication helps
employees become more involved in their work and helps them develop a better
understanding of their jobs. Clear, precise and timely communication of information also
prevents the occurrence of organizational problems. Without communication, employees
will not be aware of what their coworkers are doing, will not have any idea about what their
goals are, and will not be able to assess their performance. Managers will not be able to
give instructions to their subordinates and management will not receive the information it
requires to develop plans and take decisions, hence communication acts as nervous
system for any organization.
After the completion of this unit, you shall have:
1. identified the different forms, types and functions of communication;
2. performed public speaking considering different types of speeches;
3. created clear, coherent and effective communication materials;
4. adopted awareness of audience and context in presenting ideas in
communicating ideas;
5. established the difference of CMC among any other forms of communication;
and
6. showed appreciation of communication through creative ways.
 LESSON ONE:
PUBLIC SPEAKING

Lesson Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
• identify qualities of a good speaker by critiquing various videos anchored on multi-cultural
speech settings;
• draft an oral speech by outlining and following public speaking etiquettes that are
appropriate for a communication setting; and
• recognize the importance of public speaking by displaying communication etiquettes that
are effective in various communication setting;

Activity

TASK 1. Watch a TED Talk video of your choice. List down the characteristics that made
the speaker effective.

Analysis

TASK 2. Have you tried Public Speaking? If yes, narrate your experience and
realizations. If no, imagine yourself speaking in public, describe the feeling.
TASK 3. What do you think are the characteristics of a good speaker?

Abstraction

WHAT IS PUBLIC SPEAKING?

✓ In one sense, we all know what public speaking is: a speaker transmits a
message orally to an audience. But this simple view does not explain just
how the speaker and listeners participate in communication, interacting in
order to build connections whereby they can understand each other and
recognize common interests.
✓ Early theories of communication viewed public speaking as a series of one-
way messages sent from speaker to audience. In fact, however, the
audience participates along with the speaker in creating shared meaning
and understanding.
 ✓ The speaker’s ideas and values are tested and refined through interaction
with the audience, and listeners’ knowledge and understanding are modified
through interaction with the speaker. Thus, public speaking is a continuous
communication process in which messages and signals circulate back and
forth between speaker and listeners.
ELEMENTS OF VOCAL DELIVERY:
1. Pitch. This refers to the highness and lowness of the tone of the voice.
2. Volume. This refers to the loudness or softness of the sound.
3. Rate. This refers to the speed at which words are spoken.
4. Pause. This refers to the temporary stop in the vocal delivery.
5. Animation. This refers to the liveliness of the voice.
6. Vocal Clarity. This refers to proper pronunciation.
7. Vocal Quality. This refers to the distinct characteristic of one’s voice.
PHYSICAL DELIVERY:
1. Facial Expression.
Facial expressions communicate a range of emotions and are also
associated with various moods or personality traits. Facial expressions help
set the emotional tone for a speech, and it is important that your facial
expressions stay consistent with your message.
2. Eye Contact.
Eye contact is an important element of nonverbal communication in all
communication settings. As a speaker, eye contact can also be used to
establish credibility and hold your audience’s attention.
3. Gestures.
Gestures include arm and hand movements. By this point in your life, you
have a whole vocabulary of hand movements and gestures that
spontaneously come out while you’re speaking. Some of these gestures are
emphatic and some are descriptive (Koch, 2007).
4. Posture.
Posture is the position we assume with our bodies, either intentionally or out
of habit. In a formal speaking situation, it’s important to have an erect
posture that communicates professionalism and credibility. In informal
settings, it may be appropriate to lean on a table or lectern, or even sit
among your audience members. In most speaking situations, it is best to
keep your head up, facing your audience. A droopy head doesn’t
communicate confidence. Consider the occasion important, as an
inappropriate posture can hurt your credibility.
5. Movement.
Sometimes movement of the whole body, instead of just gesturing with
hands, is appropriate in a speech. This allows you to concentrate on
managing anxiety and focus on more important aspects of delivery like vocal
 variety, avoiding fluency hiccups and verbal fillers, and improving eye
contact.
6. Appearance.
Looking like a credible and prepared public speaker will make you feel more
like one and will make your audience more likely to perceive you as such.
This applies to all speaking contexts: academic, professional, and personal.
PREPARATION FOR A BETTER SPEECH:
1. The Speaker.
a. Draw from your personal experience.
b. Make use of your hobbies.
c. Use the knowledge you gained from your other subjects.
d. Pick a topic regarding current events.
e. Choose a timely and relevant topic.
2. Occasion.
a. Time. The audience may have different moods and feelings according
to the time the speech is delivered.
b. Place. The place of gathering may be a factor in the success of your
speech. You should consider the venue of your speaking engagement.
c. Program. Your role in the program will determine the length of your
speech.
3. The Audience
a. The speaker should consider the common characteristics of the
audience.
b. Audience interest will depend on their age and gender.
4. Gathering of Materials
a. Yourself as the speaker.
b. More materials.
c. Library
ORGANIZING THE SPEECH CONTENT:
1. Creating a Speech Outline.
2. Creating the Introduction of the Speech.
3. Collation and Integration of Materials (Body of Speech).
4. Creating the Conclusion.
OVERCOMING THE FEAR OF PUBLIC SPEAKING:
BDO, Seidman & LLP (2009) offer three steps to overcome stage fright:
✓ Be prepared.
✓ Keep on practicing.
✓ Relax before speaking.
Agravante & Buenaventura (1999) provide some strategies to control tension
when you are on stage:
✓ Think of presenting your message, not yourself.
✓ Be prepared.
✓ Relax. Take several deep breaths.
✓ Try to be physically and mentally active.
✓ Act confident and you’ll be confident.
✓ Use gestures and movements.
PREPARATION FOR ORAL DELIVERY:
✓ Use your voice properly.
✓ Relax and speak naturally.
✓ Use the language effectively.
✓ Be careful in articulation and pronunciation.
✓ Avoid nervous filters and slang words.
✓ Show passion and sincerity.
✓ Use nonverbal signs.
✓ Be prepared.

Application

TASK 4. Create your own speech outline. Choose your own topic. Note, you can refer
to the internet for speech outline formats.

Assessment

TASK 5. Watch a TED Talk video of your choice. Make a brief notes/summary of the
speaker’s speech.
 LESSON TWO:
SPEECHES ACCORDING TO PURPOSE

Lesson Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
• distinguish the types of speeches according to purpose, delivery, and appropriateness
to various occasions by critiquing TED Talk videos on multi-purposive speech settings;
• perform a speech that manifests purpose, delivery, and appropriateness to various
occasions and speech settings; and
• demonstrate awareness on the types of speeches by producing content analyses on
various TED talks videos.

Activity

TASK 1. Prepare a one-minute advertisement of a random product and discuss the

purpose of such presentation.

Analysis

TASK 2. Why do we need to identify the purpose of our soeech?

TASK 3. What are the different types of speech according to purpose?

Abstraction

1. Informative Speech
✓ An informative speech provides information about a specific subject to an
audience. The aim of an informative speech is to help your audience to
understand and to remember the information you are presenting.
✓ This type of speech provides information history, theories, practical
applications, and etc. that can help the listeners understand something that
is unknown to them or already known but not yet clearly understood.
✓ It is also meant to help the listeners understand a topic in a more in-depth
manner by providing the following in an organized way:
• new data
• data that are not readily available to everyone
• data already know to the audience but looked at in a different
way
 2. Demonstrative Speech
✓ Demonstrative speeches teach an audience how to do a specific thing. Even
if you’re an expert at your topic, the process of writing a speech which
assures the audience has learned something new, can be challenging.
✓ As a demonstrative speaker, you will be their guide, taking them through a
process of ‘show and tell’, covering each step from start to finish. It’s like an
engaging ‘how-to’ speech.
✓ They are also known as explanation speeches or a demonstrative
presentation. It relies more on logic and information as opposed to
emotions.
✓ Elements in Writing a Demonstrative Speech:
• Instructions
• Task Breakdown
• Key Points
3. Persuasive Speech
✓ A persuasive speech is a specific type of speech in which the speaker has
a goal of convincing the audience to accept his or her point of view. The
speech is arranged in such a way as to hopefully cause the audience to
accept all or part of the expressed view. Though the overarching goal of a
persuasive speech is to convince the audience to accept a perspective, not
all audiences can be convinced by a single speech and not all perspectives
can persuade the audience.
✓ A persuasive speech is written to persuade, or convince the listeners, of the
validity of the speaker’s argument. This might involve persuading someone
to change their opinion or at the very least take into account some elements
that have not really been considered before.
4. Entertaining Speech
✓ It is a speech intends to captivate an audience’s attention and amuse them
while delivering a message. The purpose is not only to tell jokes. Neither is
it the purpose of the speaker to have the audience laughing throughout the
speech.
✓ Guidelines in creating an Entertaining Speech:
• Choose an appropriate topic.
• Enjoy yourself.
• Keep it simple.
• Avoid making your presentation dull and boring.

Application

TASK 4. Among the four (4) types of speech according to purpose, choose two (2)
and make your own speech of your chosen topic. Your speech should have the
basic parts and should not be less than 500 words.
 Assessment

TASK 5. Write a 500-word reflection paper about the things you learned in this lesson.
 LESSON THREE:
SPEECHES ACCORDING TO DELIVERY

Lesson Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
• distinguish the types of speeches according to purpose, delivery, and appropriateness
to various occasions by critiquing TED Talk videos on multi-purposive speech settings;
• perform a speech that manifests purpose, delivery, and appropriateness to various
occasions and speech settings; and
• demonstrate awareness on the types of speeches by producing content analyses on
various TED talks videos.

Activity

TASK 1. Watch the recent SONA of President Rodrigo Duterte. Describe how he
delivered his speech. Use the space provided. Enjoy!

Analysis

TASK 2. Why do we have speeches according to delivery?

TASK 3. How to be a successful speaker? Recommend ways.

Abstraction

1. Impromptu Speaking
✓ Impromptu speaking is the presentation of a short message without
advance preparation. Impromptu speeches often occur when someone is
asked to “say a few words” or give a toast on a special occasion.
✓ The advantage of this kind of speaking is that it’s spontaneous and
responsive in an animated group context. The disadvantage is that the
speaker is given little or no time to contemplate the central theme of his or
her message. As a result, the message may be disorganized and difficult for
listeners to follow.
✓ any idea or concept that the audience seems to have trouble grasping.
✓ Here is a step-by-step guide that may be useful if you are called upon to
give an impromptu speech in public.
• Take a moment to collect your thoughts and plan the main point
you want to make.
• Thank the person for inviting you to speak.
• Deliver your message, making your main point as briefly as you
can while still covering it adequately and at a pace your listeners
can follow.
• Thank the person again for the opportunity to speak.

2. Extemporaneous Speaking
✓ Extemporaneous speaking is the presentation of a carefully planned and
rehearsed speech, spoken in a conversational manner using brief notes. By
using notes rather than a full manuscript, the extemporaneous speaker can
establish and maintain eye contact with the audience and assess how well
they are understanding the speech as it progresses. The opportunity to
assess is also an opportunity to restate more clearly any idea or concept
that the audience seems to have trouble grasping.

3. Speaking from Manuscript

✓ Manuscript speaking is the word-for-word iteration of a written message. In
a manuscript speech, the speaker maintains his or her attention on the
printed page except when using visual aids.
✓ The advantage to reading from a manuscript is the exact repetition of
original words. For example, reading a statement about your organization’s
legal responsibilities to customers may require that the original words be
exact. In reading one word at a time, in order, the only errors would typically
be mispronunciation of a word or stumbling over complex sentence
structure.
✓ However, there are costs involved in manuscript speaking. First, it’s typically
an uninteresting way to present. Unless the speaker has rehearsed the
reading as a complete performance animated with vocal expression and
gestures (as poets do in a poetry slam and actors do in a reader’s theater),
the presentation tends to be dull. Keeping one’s eyes glued to the script
precludes eye contact with the audience. For this kind of “straight”
manuscript speech to hold audience attention, the audience must be already
interested in the message before the delivery begins.

4. Speaking from Memory

✓ Memorized speaking is the rote recitation of a written message that the
speaker has committed to memory. Actors, of course, recite from memory
whenever they perform from a script in a stage play, television program, or
movie scene. When it comes to speeches, memorization can be useful
when the message needs to be exact and the speaker doesn’t want to be
confined by notes.

✓
 ✓ The advantage to memorization is that it enables the speaker to maintain
eye contact with the audience throughout the speech. Being free of notes
means that you can move freely around the stage and use your hands to
make gestures. If your speech uses visual aids, this freedom is even more
of an advantage.
✓ However, there are some real and potential costs. First, unless you also
plan and memorize every vocal cue (the subtle but meaningful variations in
speech delivery, which can include the use of pitch, tone, volume, and
pace), gesture, and facial expression, your presentation will be flat and
uninteresting, and even the most fascinating topic will suffer. You might end
up speaking in a monotone or a sing-song repetitive delivery pattern. You
might also present your speech in a rapid “machine-gun” style that fails to
emphasize the most important points. Second, if you lose your place and
start trying to ad lib, the contrast in your style of delivery will alert your
audience that something is wrong. More frighteningly, if you go completely
blank during the presentation, it will be extremely difficult to find your place
and keep going.

Application

TASK 4. The teacher will be calling you thru PHONE or ONLINE for your speech
delivery. The mechanics and the question/s will be given during the call.

Assessment

TASK 5. Write a 500-word reflection paper about the things you learned in this lesson.
 LESSON FOUR:
SPEECHES ACCORDING TO SPECIAL OCCASIONS

Lesson Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
• distinguish the types of speeches according to purpose, delivery, and appropriateness
to various occasions by critiquing TED Talk videos on multi-purposive speech settings;
• perform a speech that manifests purpose, delivery, and appropriateness to various
occasions and speech settings; and
• demonstrate awareness on the types of speeches by producing content analyses on
various TED talks videos.

Activity

TASK 1. Think of a special occasion that you and your family usually celebrate. Write a
300-word speech regarding the occasion you have chosen.

Analysis

TASK 2. Why do we need to have appropriate speeches for special occasions?

TASK 3. Why can’t we have one speech for all occasions?

Abstraction

1. Speeches of Introduction
✓ The first type of speech is called the speech of introduction, which is a mini
speech given by the host of a ceremony that introduces another speaker
and his or her speech.
✓ For an introduction, think of a hook that will make your audience interested
in the upcoming speaker.
✓ The body of your introductory speech should be devoted to telling the
audience about the speaker’s topic, why the speaker is qualified, and why
the audience should listen.
✓ The final part of a good introduction is the conclusion, which is generally
designed to welcome the speaker to the lectern.
2. Speeches of Presentation
✓ A speech of presentation is a brief speech given to accompany a prize or
honor.
✓ When preparing a speech of presentation, it’s always important to ask how
long the speech should be. Once you know the time limit, then you can set
out to create the speech itself. First, you should explain what the award or
honor is and why the presentation is important. Second, you can explain
what the recipient has accomplished in order for the award to be bestowed.
3. Speeches of Dedication
✓ A speech of dedication is delivered when a new store opens, a building is
named after someone, a plaque is placed on a wall, a new library is
completed, and so on.
✓ These speeches are designed to highlight the importance of the project and
possibly those to whom the project has been dedicated.
✓ When preparing the speech of dedication, start by explaining how you are
involved in the dedication.
✓ Second, you want to explain what is being dedicated.
✓ Lastly, explain why the structure is important for the community where it’s
located.
4. Toast
✓ A toast is a speech designed to congratulate, appreciate, or remember.
First, toasts can be delivered for the purpose of congratulating someone for
an honor, a new job, or getting married. You can also toast someone to
show your appreciation for something they’ve done. Lastly, we toast people
to remember them and what they have accomplished.
✓ When preparing a toast, the first goal is always to keep your remarks brief.
Toasts are generally given during the middle of some kind of festivities (e.g.,
wedding, retirement party, farewell party), and you don’t want your toast to
take away from those festivities for too long.
✓ Second, the goal of a toast is to focus attention on the person or persons
being toasted—not on the speaker.
5. Eulogies
✓ A eulogy is a speech given in honor of someone who has died.
6. Speeches of Farewell
✓ A speech of farewell allows someone to say good-bye to one part of his or
her life as he or she is moving on to the next part of life. Maybe you’ve
accepted a new job and are leaving your current job, or you’re graduating
from college and entering the work force. Whatever the case may be,
periods of transition are often marked by speeches of farewell.
7. Speeches of Promotion
✓ The writer imparts an important, often galvanizing message to the audience.
✓ Recognizes others for their contributions to the speaker’s success, etc.
8. Roasts
✓ The roast speech is a very interesting and peculiar speech because it is
designed to both praise and good-naturedly insult a person being honored.
Generally, roasts are given at the conclusion of a banquet in honor of
someone’s life achievements.
9. Dramatic Speeches
✓ Addressed by character and usually performed on stage with characters on
play or role-playing story.
✓ Types of Dramatic Speeches:
• Monologue. A long interrupted speech delivered by a character to
other characters on stage.
• Soliloquy. A type of monologue in which a character directly
addresses an audience or speaks his thoughts aloud while alone or
while the other actors keep silent.
• Aside. A dramatic device in which a character speaks to the
audience. By convention the audience is to realize that the
character's speech is unheard by the other characters on stage
• Dialogue. More like on conversing with each other.
10. Inspirational Speeches
✓ The goal of an inspirational speech is to elicit or arouse an emotional state
within an audience.
✓ Two kinds of inspirational speech are: Speeches of Commencement and
Speeches of Goodwill.
11. Speeches of Commencement
✓ This is designed to recognize and celebrate the achievements of a
graduating class or other group of people. The most typical form of
commencement speech happens when someone graduates from school.
12. Speeches of Goodwill
✓ Goodwill is an intangible asset that is made up of the favor or reputation of
an individual or organization. Speeches of goodwill are often given in an
attempt to get audience members to view the person or organization more
favorably.
✓ Although speeches of goodwill are clearly persuasive, they try not to be
obvious about the persuasive intent and are often delivered as information-
giving speeches that focus on an individual or organization’s positives
attributes. There are three basic types of speeches of goodwill: public
relations, justification, and apology.
13. Speeches of Justification
✓ The second common speech of goodwill is the speech of justification, which
is given when someone attempts to defend why certain actions were taken
or will be taken. In these speeches, speakers have already enacted (or
decided to enact) some kind of behavior, and are now attempting to justify
why the behavior is or was appropriate.
 14. Speeches of Apology
✓ When you need to make an apology speech, there are three elements that
you need to include: be honest and take responsibility, say you’re sorry, and
offer restitution.

Application

TASK 4. Choose a type of speech according to special occasion. Write a speech of not
less than 500 words.

Assessment

TASK 5. Deliver the speech and take a video of yourself. Wait for further instructions
coming from the teacher.
 LESSON FIVE:
COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION

Lesson Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
• differentiate computer-mediated communication from other forms of communications by
reading articles published in journals;
• create a Venn diagram that discriminates types of computer-mediated communication
for effective communication references; and
• justify insights on the advantages and disadvantages of computer-mediated
communication objectively through panel discussion

Activity

TASK 1. What are technology-based platforms of communication? List all of those and
write their purpose and function.

Analysis

TASK 2. In your own perspective, describe ways on how communication take place in
today’s technology-driven world?
TASK 3. Using a Venn Diagram, compare and contrast Computer-Mediated
Communication to your own chosen form of communication.

Abstraction

WHAT IS COMPUTER- MEDIATED COMMUNICATION (CMC)?

✓ CMC is any form of communication between two or more individual people
who interact and/or influence each other via separate computers through
the Internet or a network connection using social software.
✓ This promotes self-discipline and requires one to take more responsibility
for their own learning.
✓ Computer-mediated technology provides tools that are useful in promoting
collaborative learning activities that can mediate communication between
learners.
 ✓ Examples of CMC:
• Emails
• Mailboxes
• Shared network group folders
• Discussion boards
• Hyperlinked webpages
TYPES OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION (CMC):
A. Asynchronous Communication
• Computer mediated communication in asynchronous form occurs with time
constraints--meaning all involved parties don't need to be present or
available at the same exact time.
• Benefits of asynchronous CMC include opportunities to think, reflect and
address diverse set of topics in more depth.
• Instead of data being transmitted in a steady stream like synchronous
communication, it is transmitted intermittently.
• EXAMPLES: Emails, Discussion Boards, Text Messaging
B. Synchronous Communication
• Computer mediated communication in a synchronous form occurs when all
parties involved are online at the same time. AKA: Direct Communication
• The sender and receiver are synchronized with a signal that is encrypted
into the data flow.
• EXAMPLES: Telephone Conversations, Chatrooms, Video Conferences

Application

TASK 4. Determine and make a list of problems that may arise in Synchronous and
Asynchronous Communication. Provide solutions.

Assessment

TASK 5. TASK 1. Research on the advantages and disadvantages of Computer-

Mediated Communication.