Bal Bharati Public School, Ludhiana.

Class- XII
Subject – Political Science
Topic – Arab Spring
 What was Arab Spring?
• The Arab Spring was a series of pro-democracy
uprisings that enveloped several largely Muslim
countries, including Tunisia, Morocco, Syria,
Libya, Egypt and Bahrain.
• The events in these nations generally began in
the spring of 2011, which led to the name.
• The Arab Spring was a loosely related group of
protests that ultimately resulted in regime
changes in countries such as Tunisia, Egypt and
Libya.
 Why The Name ‘Arab Spring’?
• The name "Arab Spring” is a reference to the
Revolutions of 1848—also known as the
“People’s Spring”—when political upheavals
swept Europe.
• Ever since, “spring” has been used to describe
movements toward democracy like
Czechoslovakia’s 1968 “Prague Spring.”
• Western media began popularizing the term
“Arab Spring” in 2011.
Reasons for this moment
 1. Corruption 2. Unemployment

3. Poverty 4.Autocratic
Dictatorship
Arab Spring Timeline
• December 17, 2010: Mohamed Bouazizi sets himself on fire
outside a local government office in an act of protest after
being arrested by police for not having a permit to run a
vegetable stall. Street protests begin soon after his death
throughout the country.
• January 14, 2011: Tunisian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
resigns and flees to Saudi Arabia.
• January 25, 2011: The first coordinated mass protests are
held in Tahrir Square in Cairo, Egypt.
• February 2011: Protestors in several predominantly Muslim
countries stage “Days of Rage” to oppose authoritarian
governments and push for democratic reforms.
• February 11, 2011: Egypt’s Mubarak steps down.
• March 15, 2011: Pro-democracy protests begin in Syria.
• May 22, 2011: Police beat thousands of pro-democracy protesters
in Morocco.
• July 1, 2011: Moroccan voters approve constitutional changes that
limit the power of the country’s monarchy.
• August 20, 2011: Rebels in Libya launch battle to take control of
Tripoli.
• September 23, 2011: Yemenis hold a “Million Man March,” a large-
scale pro-democracy protest.
• October 20, 2011: Libyan dictator Colonel Muammar Qaddafi is
captured by rebels, tortured and killed.
• October 23, 2011: Tunisia holds first democratic parliamentary
elections.
• November 23, 2011: Yemen dictator Ali Abdullah Saleh signs a
power-sharing agreement. He resigns altogether in February 2012
and is later killed, in 2017, while the country is still engulfed in a
civil war.
• November 28, 2011: Egypt holds first democratic elections for
parliament. In June 2012, Morsi is elected president, but is removed
from power by coup in July 2013.
1. It is also called as Jasmine Revolution.
2. The Arab Spring began in December 2010 when Tunisian street vendor Mohammed
Bouazizi set himself on fire to protest the arbitrary seizing of his vegetable stand by
police over failure to obtain a permit.
3. Bouazizi’s sacrificial act served as a catalyst for the so-called Jasmine Revolution in
Tunisia.
4. The street protests that ensued in Tunis, the country’s capital, eventually prompted
authoritarian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali to abdicate his position and flee to Saudi
Arabia.
5. He had ruled the country with an iron fist for more than 20 years.
6. Activists in other countries in the region were inspired by the regime change in Tunisia—
the country’s first democratic parliamentary elections were held in October 2011—and
began to protest similar authoritarian governments in their own nations.
7. The participants in these grassroots movements sought increased social freedoms and
greater participation in the political process.
8. Notably, this includes the Tahrir Square uprisings in Cairo, Egypt and similar protests in
Bahrain.
9. in some cases, these protests morphed into full-scale civil wars, as evidenced in
countries such as Libya, Syria and Yemen.
Arab Spring Aftermath
• Tunisia- While the uprising in Tunisia led to some improvements in the
country from a human-rights perspective, not all of the nations that
witnessed such social and political upheaval in the spring of 2011 changed
for the better.
• In Egypt, where early changes arising from the Arab Spring gave many
hope after the ouster of President Hosni Mubarak, authoritarian rule has
apparently returned.
• Following the controversial election of Mohamed Morsi in 2012, a coup
led by defense minister Abdel Fattah el-Sisi installed the latter as president
in 2013, and he remains in power today.
• In Libya, meanwhile, authoritarian dictator Colonel Muammar
Qaddafi was overthrown in October 2011, during a violent civil war, and
he was tortured (literally dragged through the streets) and executed by
opposition fighters. Video footage of his death was seen by millions
online.
• the civil war in Syria that began in the aftermath of the Arab Spring lasted
for several years, forcing many to leave the country to seek refuge in
Turkey, Greece and throughout Western Europe.
• the ongoing civil war in Yemen can also be traced to the Arab Spring .
• In Bahrain, peaceful pro-democracy protests in the capital Manama in
2011 and 2012 were violently suppressed by the government of King
Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa.
Effects of Arab Spring on other nations
 Tunisia
• Tunisia: Government
overthrown on Jan.
14, 2011. President
Zine el Abidine Ben
Ali flees into exile.
Elections for a
Constituent
Assembly held on
Oct. 23, 2011.
 Egypt
• Government
overthrown on Feb. 11,
2011. President Hosni
Mubarak steps down,
faces charges of killing
unarmed protesters.
Elections held on Nov.
28, 2011. Protests
continue in Tahrir
Square.
 Egypt
• Anti-government protests
begin on Feb. 15, 2011,
leading to civil war
between opposition
forces and Moammar
Gadhafi loyalists. Tripoli
was captured and the
government overthrown
on Aug. 23. Gadhafi was
killed by transition forces
on Oct. 20.
 Syria
• Protests for political
reforms have been
ongoing since Jan. 26,
2011 with continuing
clashes between the
Syrian army and
protesters. On one day
in July, 136 people were
killed when Syrian army
tanks stormed several
cities.
 Yemen
• Ongoing protests
since Feb. 3, 2011.
President Ali
Abdullah Saleh is
injured in an attack
on June 4. On Nov.
23, he signs a power-
transfer agreement
ending his 33-year
reign.
 Other Nations
• Protests and
uprisings related to
the Arab Spring also
took place in other
countries as well,
including: Algeria,
Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait,
Morocco and Oman.
 CBSE Material Uploaded
• The 21st century witnessed emergence of new developments for
democracies and democratization in West Asian countries, one such
event is characterized as Arab Spring that began in 2009.
• Located in Tunisia, the Arab Spring took its roots where the struggle
against corruption, unemployment and poverty was started by the
public which turned into a political movement because the people
considered the existing problems as outcome of autocratic
dictatorship.
• The demand for democracy that started in Tunisia spread
throughout the Muslim-dominated Arab countries in West Asia.
• Hosni Mubarak, who had been in power in Egypt since 1979, also
collapsed as a result of the massive democratic protests.
• In addition, the influence of Arab Spring could also be seen in
Yemen, Bahrain, Libya and Syria where similar protests by the
people led to democratic awakening throughout the region.
What happened after the Arab Spring
• Tunisia- Government was overthrown and
there was transition of democracy.
• Egypt – Government was overthrown and new
government was still developing.
• Morocco, Algeria, Jordan and Oman-
Government was not overthrown but changes
were made.
• Libya, Syria & Yemen- Fighting a civil war.
• Saudi Arabia – Protests were stop, no major
changes were made.
 Links

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DaUR2w0eETc
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_ZQcazI5bY
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fgcd5ZcxDys
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UM5Ouuu2xFM
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifhZFAqKYas