Internet Protocal Version 6

INTERNET PROTOCAL VERSION 6
INTRODUCTION:
An Internet Protocol Version 6 address (IPv6 address) is a numeric label
that is used to identify and locate a network interface of a computer or a
network node participating in an computer network using IPv6. IP addresses are
included in the packet header to indicate the source and the destination of each
packet. The IP address of the destination is used to make decisions about
routing IP packets to other networks.
IPv6 is the successor to the first addressing infrastructure of the Internet,

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4). In contrast to IPv4, which defined an IP
address as a 32-bit value, IPv6 addresses have a size of 128 bits. Therefore, in
comparison, IPv6 has a vastly enlarged address space.
To create a much larger address space and relieve a projected future

shortage of IP addresses, IPv6 was created. IPv6 addresses consist of 128 bits,
instead of 32 bits, and include a scope field that identifies the type of application
suitable for the address. IPv6 does not support broadcast addresses, but instead
uses multicast addresses for broadcast. In addition, IPv6 defines a new type of
address called anycast.
ADDRESSING METHOD:
IPv6 addresses are classified by the primary addressing and routing
methodologies common in networking: unicast addressing, anycast addressing,
and multicast addressing. A unicast address identifies a single network
interface. The Internet Protocol delivers packets sent to a unicast address to that
specific interface.
An anycast address is assigned to a group of interfaces, usually belonging to

different nodes. A packet sent to an anycast address is delivered to just one of the
member interfaces, typically the nearest host, according to the routing protocol's
definition of distance. Anycast addresses cannot be identified easily, they have
the same format as unicast addresses, and differ only by their presence in the
network at multiple points. Almost any unicast address can be employed as an
anycast address. A multicast address is also used by multiple hosts, which acquire
the multicast address destination by participating in the multicast distribution
protocol among the network routers. A packet that is sent to a multicast address
is delivered to all interfaces that have joined the corresponding multicast group.
IPv6 does not implement broadcast addressing. Broadcast's traditional role is
subsumed by multicast addressing to the all-nodes link-local multicast group
ff02::1. However, the use of the all-nodes group is not recommended, and most
IPv6 protocols use a dedicated link-local multicast group to avoid disturbing
every interface in the network.
IPV6 ADDRESS REPRESENTATION:

IPv6 addresses consist of 8 groups of 16-bit hexadecimal values separated by
colons (:). IPv6 addresses have the following format:
aaaa:aaaa:aaaa:aaaa:aaaa:aaaa:aaaa:aaaa
Each aaaa is a 16-bit hexadecimal value, and each a is a 4-bit hexadecimal

value. Following is a sample IPv6 address:
3FFE:0000:0000:0001:0200:F8FF:FE75:50DF
You can omit the leading zeros of each 16-bit group, as follows:
3FFE:0:0:1:200:F8FF:FE75:50DF
You can compress 16-bit groups of zeros to double colons (::) as shown in the
following example, but only once per address:
3FFE::1:200:F8FF:FE75:50DF
An IPv6 address prefix is a combination of an IPv6 prefix (address) and a prefix

length. The prefix takes the form ipv6-prefix/prefix-length and represents a
block of address space (or a network). The ipv6-prefix variable follows general
IPv6 addressing rules. The /prefix-length variable is a decimal value that
indicates the number of contiguous, higher-order bits of the address that make
up the network portion of the address. For example, 10FA:6604:8136:6502::/64
is a possible IPv6 prefix.
For more information on the text representation of IPv6 addresses and address
prefixes, see RFC 4291, IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture.
IPV6 ADDRESS TYPES:

 Unicast—For a single interface.
 Multicast—For a set of interfaces on the same physical medium. A packet
is sent to all interfaces associated with the address.
 Anycast—For a set of interfaces on different physical media. A packet is
sent to only one of the interfaces associated with this address, not to all
the interfaces.
PARTS OF THE IPV6 ADDRESS:

An IPv6 address is 128 bits in length and consists of eight, 16-bit fields, with
each field bounded by a colon. Each field must contain a hexadecimal number,
in contrast to the dotted-decimal notation of IPv4 addresses. In the next figure,
the x's represent hexadecimal numbers
The leftmost three fields (48 bits) contain the site prefix. The prefix describes
the public topology that is usually allocated to your site by an ISP or Regional
Internet Registry (RIR).
The next field is the 16-bit subnet ID, which you (or another administrator)
allocate for your site. The subnet ID describes the private topology, also known
as the site topology, because it is internal to your site.
The rightmost four fields (64 bits) contain the interface ID, also referred to as a
token. The interface ID is either automatically configured from the interface's
MAC address or manually configured in EUI-64 format.
2001:0db8:3c4d:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:1a2b
This example shows all 128 bits of an IPv6 address. The first 48 bits,
2001:0db8:3c4d, contain the site prefix, representing the public topology. The
next 16 bits, 0015, contain the subnet ID, representing the private topology for
the site. The lower order, rightmost 64 bits, 0000:0000:1a2f:1a2b, contain the
interface ID.
IPV6 ADDRESS SCOPE:

Unicast and multicast IPv6 addresses support address scoping, which identifies
the application suitable for the address.
Unicast addresses support global address scope and two types of local address
scope:
 Link-local unicast addresses—Used only on a single network link. The

first 10 bits of the prefix identify the address as a link-local address. Link-
local addresses cannot be used outside the link.
 Site-local unicast addresses—Used only within a site or intranet. A site
consists of multiple network links. Site-local addresses identify nodes
inside the intranet and cannot be used outside the site.
Multicast addresses support 16 different types of address scope, including node,

link, site, organization, and global scope. A 4-bit field in the prefix identifies the
address scope.
IPV6 ADDRESS STRUCTURE:

Unicast addresses identify a single interface. Each unicast address consists of
n bits for the prefix, and 128 – n bits for the interface ID.
Multicast addresses identify a set of interfaces. Each multicast address consists

of the first 8 bits of all 1s, a 4-bit flags field, a 4-bit scope field, and a 112-bit
group ID:
11111111 | flgs | scop | group ID
The first octet of 1s identifies the address as a multicast address. The flags field
identifies whether the multicast address is a well-known address or a transient
multicast address. The scope field identifies the scope of the multicast address.
The 112-bit group ID identifies the multicast group.
Similar to multicast addresses, anycast addresses identify a set of interfaces.

However, packets are sent to only one of the interfaces, not to all interfaces.
Anycast addresses are allocated from the normal unicast address space and
cannot be distinguished from a unicast address in format. Therefore, each
member of an anycast group must be configured to recognize certain addresses
as anycast addresses.
LIMITATIONS:
 On all branch SRX Series devices, changes in source AS and destination
AS are not immediately reflected in exported flows.
 On all branch SRX Series devices, IPv6 traffic transiting over IPv4 based
IP over IP tunnel (for example, IPv6-over-IPv4 using ip-x/x/x interface)
is not supported.

Internet Protocal Version 6

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INTERNET PROTOCAL VERSION 6

IPv6 is the successor to the first addressing infrastructure of the Internet,

To create a much larger address space and relieve a projected future

An anycast address is assigned to a group of interfaces, usually belonging to

IPV6 ADDRESS REPRESENTATION:

Each aaaa is a 16-bit hexadecimal value, and each a is a 4-bit hexadecimal

An IPv6 address prefix is a combination of an IPv6 prefix (address) and a prefix

IPV6 ADDRESS TYPES:

PARTS OF THE IPV6 ADDRESS:

IPV6 ADDRESS SCOPE:

 Link-local unicast addresses—Used only on a single network link. The

Multicast addresses support 16 different types of address scope, including node,

IPV6 ADDRESS STRUCTURE:

Multicast addresses identify a set of interfaces. Each multicast address consists

11111111 | flgs | scop | group ID

Similar to multicast addresses, anycast addresses identify a set of interfaces.

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