ITEC 101- Introduction to Information

Technology Computing
other computers or
Chapter 1
devices on a network. A
A laptop, also called a network is a collection of
notebook computer, is a thin, computers and devices
lightweight mobile computer connected together, often
with a screen in its lid and a wirelessly.
keyboard in its base.
A mobile device
Tablet is a thin, lighter-weight is a computing device
mobile computer that has touch small enough to hold in
screen capabilities your hand. Some mobile
devices are internet
A desktop or desktop capable, meaning that
computer, is a personal they can connect to the
computer designed to be in the internet wirelessly.
stationary location, where all of
its components fit on or under a A smartphone is an internet-capable phone that usually
desk or table. On many includes calendar, an
desktops, the screen is housed address book, a calculator, a notepad, games, and several other
in a display device that is apps. Many
separate from the tower or smartphones have touch screens. Instead of or in addition to an
system unit. All-in-one does not on-screen keyboard,
contain a tower and instead some have a built-in mini keyboard on the front of the phone or
uses the same case to house the a keyboard that slides
display and the processing in and out from behind the phone.
circuitry.
A digital camera is a device that allows you to take photos and
A server is a computer store photographed
dedicated to providing images digitally. It can also communicate wirelessly with other
one or more services to compatible devices
and include apps similar to those on a smartphone. A mouse is a pointing device fits under the palm of your hand
A portable media player is a mobile device on which you can comfortably. With the mouse, you control movement of the
store, organize, and pointer and send instructions to the computer or mobile device.
play or view digital media files (photos, music, and videos).
A touchpad is a small, flat, rectangular pointing device that is
An e-book reader is a mobile device that is used primarily for sensitive to pressure and motion. To control the pointer with a
reading electronic touchpad, slide your fingertip across the surface of the pad.
book files/documents. An e-book is an electronic/digital A microphone is an input device that enables you to speak into
a computer or mobile device.
A wearable device is a small, mobile computing consumer
A scanner is a light-sensing input device that converts printed
device designed to be worn.This device often communicate with
texts and images into a form the computer can process.
a mobile device or computer.
A game console is a computing device designed for single-player
or multiplayer video games. Output Devices Examples
A printer is an output device that produces text and graphics on
a physical medium, such as paper or other material. A 3-D
Input Devices Examples
(three-dimensional) printer can print solid objects, such as
A keyboard contains keys you press to enter data and clothing, prosthetics, eyewear, implants, toys, parts, prototypes,
instructions in to a computer or mobile device. All desktop and more. 3-D printers may use a variety of substances,
keyboards have a typing area that includes letters of the including plastic, nylon, wood, bronze, and copper, to print the
alphabets, numbers and other special characters and symbols. layers that create a 3-D model.
A display (monitor/screen) is an output device that visually
conveys text, graphics, and video information. Displays consist
A pointing device is an input device that allows a user to control
of a screen and the components that produce the information
a small symbol on a screen called pointer. Desktops typically use
on the screen.
a mouse as their pointer and laptops use a touchpad.
Speakers allow you to hear audio, that is, music, voice, and An optical disk is a type of storage media that consists of a flat,
other sounds. Most personal computers and mobile devices round, portable metal disc made of metal, plastic, and lacquer
have a small internal speaker. that is written and read by a laser.

MEMORY AND STORAGE Cloud storage is an Internet service that provides for both
storage the computer users. A back up is at duplicate of content
Memory consists of electronic components that store on the storage with you and that you can use in case the original
instructions waiting to be executed in the data needed by those is lost, damaged, or destroyed.
instructions. Storage, by contrast, holds data, instructions, and
information for future use. The Web
A storage device records (write) and/or retrieves (reads) items The Internet is a worldwide collection of computer networks
to and from storage media. Storage devices often also function that connects millions of businesses, government agencies,
as a source of input and output because they transfer items educational institutions, and individuals.
from storage to memory and vice versa.
The World Wide Web (or web, for short) is a global library of
Storage Devices information available to anyone connected to the Internet

Hard disk is a storage device that contains one or more in The web consists of a worldwide collection of electronic
flexible, circular platters that use magnetic particles to store documents, each of which is called a webpage.
data, instructions, and information. A website is a collection of related webpages.
A USB flash drive is a portable flash memory storage device that A web server is a computer that delivers requested webpages
you plug in a USB port, which is a special, easily accessible to your computer.
opening on a computer or mobile device.
A browser is software that enables users with an Internet
A memory card is a removable flash memory, usually no bigger connection to access and view webpages on a computer or
than 1.5 inches in height or width, that you insert in and remove mobile device
from a slot in the computer, mobile device, or card
A search engine is software that finds websites, webpages,
reader/writer.
images, videos, news, maps, and other information related to a
specific topic.
An online social network encourages members to share their Health concerns – Prolonged or improper computer and mobile
interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other device use can lead to injuries or disorders of the hands, wrists,
registered users. elbows, eyes, neck, and back. Computer and mobile device
users can protect themselves from the health risk through
proper work please design, good post your while at the
Internet Communications computer, and appropriately spaced work breaks. With the
growing use of earbuds and headphones, and some users are
Email allows you to send messages to and receive messages and
experiencing hearing loss. To behavioral health risk our
files from other users via computer network.
technology addiction and technology overload. Technology
With messaging services, you can have a real time type addiction occurs when someone become obsessed with using
conversation with another connected to use her (real time technology. Individual suffering from technology overload feel
means that both of you are online at the same time). distressed when the private of computers and mobile devices.
VoIP (voice over Internet protocol) enables users to speak to Environmental issues – manufacturing processes for computers
other users over the Internet. and mobile devices, along with e-waste (discarded computers
and mobile devices), are depleting natural resources and
With FTP (file transfer protocol), users can transfer items to and
polluting the environment. Green computing involves reducing
from other computer on the Internet.
the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated
Digital Security and Privacy when using a computer. Strategies that support green
computing include recycling, using energy-efficient hardware
Viruses and Other Malware - Malware, short for malicious
and energy-saving features, regulating manufacturing
software, is software that typically acts without the user’s
processes, extending the life of computers, and immediately
knowledge and deliberately alters the computer’s or mobile
donating or properly disposing of replaced computers.
device’s operation.
Privacy – Keep all your personal information private. Do not
Programs and Application
share information that would allow others to identify or locate Software, also called a program, tells the computer what tasks
you, and do not disclose identification numbers, here’s your to perform and how to perform them.
names, passwords, or other personal security details.
Operating system is a set of programs that coordinates all the Instant messaging – real time typed a conversation with
activities among computer or mobile device hardware. It another connected use or were you can also exchange photos,
provides a means for users to communicate with the computer videos, and other content.
or mobile device and other software. An application (or app for
Internet – worldwide collection of networks that links millions
short) consists of programs designed to make users more
of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions,
productive and/or assist them with personal tasks. Browsers,
and individuals.
discussed in an earlier section, or an example of an application
that enables users with an Internet connection to access and Newsgroups – online areas in which users have written
view webpages. Applications include programs stored on the discussion about a particular subject.
computer, as well as those on a mobile device or delivered to RSS (really simple syndication)– specification that enables web
your device over the Internet. content to be distributed to subscribers.
Communications and Networks Video conference – real time meeting between two or more
geographically separated people who use a network to transmit
Chat rooms – real time type conversation among two or more
audio and video.
people on the computers or mobile devices connected to a
network. Voicemail – allows users to leave a voice message for one or
more people.
Email – transmission of messages and files via computer
network. VoIP – conversation that takes place over the Internet using a
telephone connected to a computer, mobile device, or other
Fax – transmission and receipt of documents over telephone
device.
lines.
Wireless Internet access points – enables users with computers
FTP (file transfer protocol) – permits users to transfer files to
and mobile devices to connect to the Internet wirelessly.
and from servers on the Internet.
Wireless messaging services – send and receive wireless
GPS (Global positioning system) – navigation system that assist
messages to and from smart phones, mobile phones, handheld
users with determining their location, ascertaining directions,
game devices, and other mobile devices using text messaging
and more.
and picture/video messaging.
A communications device is hardware capable of transferring Business networks – Business in school letters can be small,
items from computers and devices to transmission media and suggest in a room or building, or widespread, connecting
vice versa. Wired communications often use some form of computers and devices across a city, country, or the globe.
telephone wiring, coaxial cable, fiber optic cables to send
Facilitate communications. Using a Network, employees and
communications signals.
customers communicate efficiently and easily via email,
Wi-Fi uses radio signals to provide high speed Internet or messaging services, blogs, online social networks, video calls,
network connections to computers and devices capable of online meetings, video conferencing, VoIP, and more.
communicating via Wi-Fi.
Share hardware. In a networked environment, each computer
Bluetooth uses short range radio signals to enable Bluetooth on the network and access the hardware on the network,
enabled computers and devices to communicate with each instead of providing each user with the same piece of hardware.
other.
Share data, information, and software. In a networked
Cellular radio uses the cellular network to enable high-speed environment, any authorized computer user can access data,
Internet connections to devices with built in compatible information, and software stored on other computers on the
technology, such a smart phones. network.
A hotspot is a wireless network that provides Internet Technology Uses
connections to mobile computers and devices.
Education – educators and teaching institutions use technology
Networks to assist with education. Educators may use a course
management system, sometimes called a learning management
A network is a collection of computers and devices connected
system or e- learning system, which is software that contains
together, often wirelessly, like communications devices and
tools for class preparation, distribution, and management. Many
transmission media. Networks allow computers to share
schools offer distance-learning classes, where the delivery of
resources, such as hardware, software, data, and information.
education occurs at one place while the learning occurs at any
Home networks – saved the home user money and provide locations.
many conveniences.
Government-most government offices have websites and other Healthcare-Nearly every area of healthcare today uses
specialized computer systems to provide citizens with up-to- computers. Whether you are visiting a family doctor for a
date information and better services. regular check-up, having lab work or an outpatient test, filling a
prescription, or being rushed in for emergency surgery, the
Finance-many people and companies use online banking or
medical staff around you will be using computers for various
finance software to pay bills, track personal income and
purposes.
expenses, manage investments, and evaluate financial plans the
difference between using a financial institutions website versus Science-all branches of science, from biology to astronomy to
finance software on your computer is that all your account meteorology, use computers to assist them with collecting,
information is stored on the bank’s computer instead of your analyzing, and modeling data. Scientist also use the Internet to
computer. The advantage is you can access your financial communicate with colleagues around the world, Breakthroughs
records from anywhere in the world. in surgery, medicine, and treatments often result from scientist
use of computers.
Retail-you can purchase just about any product or service on
the web, including groceries, flowers, books, computers and A neural network is a system that attempts to imitate the
mobile devices, music, movies, airline tickets, encounter tickets. behavior of the human brain. Scientist create neural networks
Many mobile apps make your shopping experience more by connecting thousands of processors together much like the
convenient. Some enable you to manage rewards, use coupons, neurons in the brain are connected.
locate stores, or enable mobile payments way you can pay for
Travel-as you make the journey, you may interact with the
goods and services directly from your phone or other mobile
navigation system or GPS, which uses satellite signals to
device.
determine a geographic location. GPS technology also assist
Entertainment – You can use computers and mobile devices to people with creating maps, determining the best route between
listen to audio clips or live audio; watch video clips, television two points, locating a lost person or stolen object, monitoring a
shows, or live performances and events; read a book, magazine, person’s or object’s movement, determining altitude,
or newspaper; and play a myriad of games individually or with calculating speed, and finding points of interest.
others.
Publishing-many publishers of books, magazines, newspapers, who uses computers, mobile devices, and other technology in
music, film, and video make their way it’s available online. the enterprise is an enterprise user.
Organizations and individuals publish their thoughts and ideas
using a blog, podcast, or wiki.
The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects
Manufacturing – Computer aided manufacturing (CAM) refers
millions of businesses, government agencies, educational
to the use of computers to assist with manufacturing processes,
institutions, and individuals. Today, billions of home and
such as fabrication and assembly. Industries use CAM to reduce
business users around the world access a variety of services on
product development costs, shorten the product’s time to
the Internet using computers and mobile devices. The web,
market, and stay ahead of the compensation.
messaging, and video communications are some of the most
A home user is any person who spends time using technology at widely used Internet services. The Internet originated as
home. Parents, children, teenagers, grandparents, singles, ARPANET in September 1969 and had two main goals:
couples, etc., are all examples of home users.
Chapter 2
A small/home office user includes employees of companies
with fewer than 50 employees, as well as the self-employed With wired connections, a computer or device physically
who work from home. attaches via a cable or wire to a communications device.
Computers without a communications device can use a wireless
A mobile user includes any person who works with computers
modem or other communications device that enables wireless
are mobile devices while away from a main office, home, or
connectivity.
school.
A power user is a user who requires the capabilities of a
powerful computer. Examples of power users include engineers, Tethering transforms a smart phone or Internet-capable tablet
scientist, architects, game designers, and graphic artists. into a portable communications device that shares its Internet
access with other computers and devices wirelessly.
An enterprise has hundreds or thousands of employees or
customers who work in or do business with offices across a
region, the country, or the world. Each employee or customer
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that provides Online social network is a website that encourages members
individuals and organizations access to the Internet for free or
Informational and research contains factual information
for a fee.
(libraries, encyclopedia, dictionaries, directories, guides).
An IP address is a sequence of numbers that uniquely identifies
Media sharing is a website that enables members to manage
each computer or  device connected to the Internet
media.
A domain name is a text-based name that corresponds to the IP
Bookmarking is a website that enables members to organized
address.
tag and share links to media and other online content. Pinterest
The World Wide Web (WWW), or web, consists of a worldwide
News, weather, sports, and other mass media websites
collection of  electronic documents (webpages)
continues with the material, including stories and article relating
A website is a collection of related webpages and associated to current events, life, money, politics, weather, and sports.
items
And educational website offers exciting, challenging avenues
A web server is a computer that delivers requested webpages for formal and informal teaching and learning. The web contains
to your computer thousands of tutorials, from learning how to build a website to
learning how to cook a meal. For a more structured learning
A browser is an application that enables users with an Internet
experience, companies provide online learning to employees
connection to  access and view webpages on a computer or
and colleges offer online classes and degrees.
mobile device
Business, Governmental, and Organizational. This website
A home page is the first page that a website displays
contains content that increases brand awareness, provides
Current browsers typically support tabbed browsing company background or other information, and/or promotes or
A webpage has a unique address, called a web address or URL sells products or services.

A web search engine is a software that finds website, A blog (short for weblog) is an informal website consisting of
webpages, images, videos, news, maps, and other information time stamped articles, or post, in a diary or journal format,
related to a specific topic. By using a web browser it will be usually listed in reverse chronological order. The term
directing you to a specific website where you can find the exact blogosphere refers to the worldwide collection of blogs. A blog
information that you are looking for. that contains video sometime just called a video blog or vlog.
Wiki and collaboration. A wiki is a type of collaborative website flights and prices, ordering tickets, book a room, reserve a rental
that allows users to create, and, modify, or delete a website car.
content. Wikis can include articles, documents, photos, or
Several mapping website and web apps exist that enable you to
videos.
display up-to-date maps by searching for an address, postal
Health and fitness. When the websites provide up-to-date code, phone number, or point of interest (such as an airport,
medical, fitness, nutrition, or exercise information for public lodging, or historical site). Many work with GPS to determine
access. Someone for users to capability of listening to health where a user is located, eliminating the need for user to enter
related seminars and discussions. Consumers, however, should the starting point in the day being the website to recommend
verify the online medical information they read with a personal nearby points of interest.
physician.
Retail and auctions. You can purchase just about any product or
Science. Several websites contain information about Space service on the web, a process that sometimes is called e-retail
exploration, astronomy, physics, earth sciences, microgravity, (short for electronica retail). With an online auction, Users bid
robotics, and other branches of science. Scientist use online on an item being sold by someone else. The highest bidder at
social networks to collaborate on the web. Nonprofits science the end of the bidding period purchases the item. eBay is one of
organizations use the web to seek public donations to support the most popular online auction websites.
research.
Careers and employment. You can search the web for career
Banking and finance. Online banking and online trading enable information and job openings. Job search websites lists
users to access their financial records from anywhere in the thousands of openings in hundreds of fields, companies, and
world, as long as they have an Internet connection. Using online locations. Vons information may include required training and
banking, users connected accounts, baby else, transfer funds, education, salary data, working conditions, job descriptions, and
calculate mortgage payments, and manage other financial more. In addition, many organizations advertise careers on their
activities from their computer or mobile device. websites.
Travel and tourism website enable users to research travel
options and make travel arrangements. On these websites, are
you typically can read travel reviews, search for and compare
E-commerce, short for electronic-commerce, is a business Graphic is a visual representation of non-text information, such
transaction occurs over an electronic network, such as the as a drawing picture, chart, or photo. Many webpages use
Internet. Anyone with access to a computer or mobile device, colorful graphics to convey messages. A thumbnail is a small
an Internet connection, and a means to pay for purchased version of a larger image. Usually can click a thumbnail to
goods or services can participate in e- commerce. Three types of display the image in full size. An infographic (short for
e-commerce our business to consumer (B2C), consumer to information graphic) is a visual representation of data or
consumer (C2C), and business to business (B2B). information, designed to communicate quickly, simplify complex
concepts, or present patterns or trends. Graphic formats include
A portal is a website that offers a variety of Internet services
BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG, and TIFF.
from a single, convenient location. Wireless portal is a portal
design for Internet-capable mobile devices. Many webpages use animation, which is the appearance of
motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence.
A content aggregation website or web app, sometimes called a
Example, text that animates by scrolling across the screen can
curation website, allows users to collect and compile content
serve as a ticker to display stock updates, news, sports scores,
from a variety of websites about a particular topic or theme.
weather, or other information. Web-based games often
Content aggregation websites save users time because they
animation.
need to visit only one website instead of visiting multiple
websites to obtain information. On the web, you can listen to audio clips and live audio. Audio
includes music, speech, or any other sound. Simple applications
Website creation and content management. By creating your
consist of individual audio files available for download to a
own website, businesses and individuals can convey information
computer or device.
to billions of people. The content of the webpages ranges from
new stories to product information to blogs the service. Web Video consists of images displayed in motion. Most video also
creation and content management system sites provide Tuesday has accompanying audio.
at support the steps in the web publishing, which is the creation
Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to sign maleta real
and maintenance of websites. To create a website, you do not
or imagined the environment that appears as a three-
have to be a computer programmer her. For the small business
dimensional (3D) space.
or home user, web publishing is fairly easy as long as you have
the proper tools.
Email is the transmission of messages and files via a computer Netiquette is the code of acceptable Internet behavior.
network
Chapter 3
An email program allows you to create, send, receive, forward,
store, print, and delete email messages Mobile Computers and Desktops

An email list is a group of email addresses used for mass A mobile computer is a portable personal computer, designed
distribution of a message so  that a user easily can carry it from place to place

Instant messaging services notify you when one or more of your A server is a computer dedicated to providing one or more
established contacts are online and then allows you to exchange services  to other computers or devices on a network 
messages or files or join a private chat room with them – Rack server 
A chat is a real-time typed conversation that takes place on a – Blade server 
computer or mobile device with many other online users
– Tower server
A chat room is a website or application that permits users to
chat with others who are online at the same time  Servers - A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful server
that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users
An online discussion is an online area in which users have simultaneously.
written discussions about a particular subject
Terminals - A terminal is a computer, usually with limited
VoIP (Voice over IP) enables users to speak to other users via processing power, that enables users to send data to and/or
their Internet connection receive information from a server, or host computer • A thin
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard that permits client is a terminal that looks like a desktop but has limited
file uploading and downloading to and from other computers on capabilities and components • Most retail stores use a POS
the Internet. Many operating systems include FTP capabilities. terminal to record purchases, process credit or debit cards, and
An FTP server is a computer that allows users to upload and/or update inventory
download files using FTP. An ATM (automated teller machine) is a self-service banking
terminal that connects to a host computer through a network
A self-service kiosk is a freestanding terminal that usually has a A digital media player or streaming media player is a device,
typically used in a home, that streams digital media from a
touch screen for user interaction
computer or network to a television, projector, or some other
A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer – and entertainment device
the most expensive
An e-book reader (short for electronic book reader), or e-
– Capable of processing many trillions of instructions in a single reader, is a mobile device that is used primarily for reading e-
second books and other digital publications
Cloud computing refers to an environment that provides A wearable device or wearable is a small, mobile computing
resources and services accessed via the Internet device designed to be worn by a consumer
A smartphone is an Internet-capable phone that usually also A game console is a mobile computing device designed for
includes a calendar, an address book, a calculator, a notepad, single- player or multiplayer video games
games, browser, and numerous other apps
A handheld game device is a small mobile device that contains a
A digital camera is a mobile device that allows users to take screen, speakers, controls, and game console all in one unit
photos and store the photographed images digitally
An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that
– Smart digital camera functions as a component in a larger product
– Point-and-shoot camera A port is the point at which a peripheral device attaches to or
– SLR camera communicates with a computer or mobile device so that the
peripheral device can send data to or receive information from
Resolution is the number of horizontal and vertical pixels in a the computer or mobile device
Display A connector joins a cable to a port. A connector at one end of a
A portable media player is a mobile device on which you can cable attaches to a port on the computer or mobile device, and
store, organize, and play or view digital media a connector at the other end of the cable attaches to a port on
the peripheral device
A USB port, short for universal serial bus port, can connect up to Chapter 4
127 different peripheral devices together with a single
connector A program, or software, consists of a series of related
instructions, organized for a common purpose, that tells the
A surge protector, also called a surge suppressor, uses electrical
computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them
components to provide a stable current flow and minimize the
chances of an overvoltage reaching the computer and other An application, or app, sometimes called application software,
electronic equipment consists of programs designed to make users more productive
and/or assist them with personal tasks
An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is a device that contains
surge protection circuits and one or more batteries that can Word processing software allows users to create and
provide power during a temporary or permanent loss of power manipulate documents

Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is a technology-related health Presentation software allows users to create visual aids for
presentations to communicate ideas, messages, and other
condition that affects eyesight
information to a group
Ergonomics is an applied science devoted to incorporating
Spreadsheet software allows users to organize data in columns
comfort, efficiency, and safety into the design of items in the
and rows and perform calculations on the data
workplace
A database is a collection of data organized in a manner that
Technology addiction occurs when the technology consumes
allows access, retrieval, and use of that data
someone’s entire social life
– Database software allows users to create, access, and manage
a database
Note taking software is an application that enables users to
enter typed text, handwritten comments, drawings, sketches,
photos, and links anywhere on a page
Calendar and contact management software is an application Graphics and Media Software
that helps you organize your calendar, keep track of contacts,
and share this information with other users Computer-aided design (CAD) software

A software suite is a collection of individual related applications Desktop publishing software

available together as a unit Paint/Image editing software
Project management software is an application that allows a Photo editing and photo management software
user to plan, schedule, track, and analyze the events, resources,
and costs of a project Video and audio editing software

Accounting software is an application that helps businesses of

all sizes record and report their financial transactions Multimedia authoring software allows users to combine text,
Personal finance software is a simplified accounting application graphics, audio, video, and animation in an interactive
that helps home users and small/home office users balance application
their checkbooks, pay bills, track personal income and expenses, Website authoring software helps users of all skill levels create
verify account balances, transfer funds, track investments, and webpages that include graphics, video, audio, animation, and
evaluate financial plans special effects with interactive content
Legal software is an application that assists in the preparation A media player is a program that allows you to view images and
of legal documents and provides legal information to animations, listen to audio, and watch video files on your
individuals, families, and small businesses computer or mobile device
Tax preparation software is an application that can guide Disc burning software writes text, graphics, audio, and video
individuals, families, or small businesses through the process of files on a recordable or rewritable disc
filing federal and state taxes
Document management software is an application that
Security Tools
provides a means for sharing, distributing, and searching A personal firewall is a security tool that detects and protects a
through documents by converting them into a format that can
personal computer and its data from unauthorized intrusions
be viewed by any user
An antivirus program protects a computer against viruses by An image viewer is a tool that allows users to display, copy, and
identifying and removing any computer viruses found in print the contents of a graphics file, such as a photo
memory, on storage media, or on incoming files
An uninstaller is a tool that removes a program, as well as any
Spyware is a type of program placed on a computer or mobile associated entries in the system files
device without the user’s knowledge that secretly collects
A disk cleanup tool searches for and removes unnecessary files
information about the user and then communicates the
information it collects to some outside source while the user is A disk defragmenter is a tool that reorganizes the files and
online unused space on a computer’s hard disk so that the operating
system accesses data more quickly and programs run faster
Adware is a type of program that displays an online
advertisement in a banner or pop-up or pop-under window on – Defragmenting
webpages, email messages, or other Internet services A screen saver is a tool that causes a display device’s screen to
A spyware remover is a type of program that detects and show a moving image or blank screen if no keyboard or mouse
deletes spyware and similar programs activity occurs for a specified time

An adware remover is a program that detects and deletes A file compression tool shrinks the size of a file(s)
adware A PC maintenance tool is a program that identifies and fixes
operating system problems, detects and repairs drive problems,
and includes the capability of improving a computer’s
File, Disk, and System Management Tools performance
A backup tool allows users to copy, or back up, selected files or
A file manager is a tool that performs functions related to file
the contents of an entire storage medium to another storage
Management
location
A search tool is a program, usually included with an operating
A restore tool reverses the process and returns backed up files
system, that attempts to locate a file, contact, calendar event,
to their original form
app, or any other item stored on your computer or mobile
device based on criteria you specify
 Chapter 5 A firewall is hardware and/or software that protects a
network’s resources from intrusion
Digital Security Risks
Unauthorized Access and Use
A digital security risk is any event or action that could cause a
A PIN (personal identification number), sometimes called a
loss of or damage to a computer or mobile device hardware,
passcode, is a numeric password, either assigned by a company
software, data, information, or processing capability
or selected by a user
Any illegal act involving the use of a computer or related devices
A biometric device authenticates a person’s identity by
generally is referred to as a computer crime
translating a personal characteristic into a digital code that is
A cybercrime is an online or Internet-based illegal act compared with a digital code in a computer or mobile device
Malware, short for malicious software, consists of programs verifying a physical or behavioral characteristic
that act without a user’s knowledge and deliberately alter the Two-step verification uses two separate methods, one after the
operations of computers and mobile devices next, to verify the identity of a user

Internet and Network Attacks Digital forensics is the discovery, collection, and analysis of
evidence found on computers and networks
A botnet is a group of compromised computers or mobile
devices connected to a network Software Theft
– A compromised computer or device is known as a zombie During the product activation, which is conducted either online
A denial of service attack (DoS attack) disrupts computer access or by phone, users provide the software product’s identification
to an Internet service number to associate the software with the computer or mobile
device on which the software is installed
– Distributed DoS attack (DDoS attack)
A license agreement is the right to use software
Spoofing is a technique intruders use to make their network or
Internet transmission appear legitimate
Information Theft Ethics and Society
Information theft occurs when someone steals personal or Technology ethics are the moral guidelines that govern the use
confidential information of computers, mobile devices, information systems, and related
technologies
Encryption is a process of converting data that is readable by
humans into encoded characters to prevent unauthorized A code of conduct is a written guideline that helps determine
access whether a specification is ethical/unethical or allowed/not
allowed
A digital signature is an encrypted code that a person, website,
or organization attaches to an electronic message to verify the Green computing involves reducing the electricity and
identity of the message sender environmental waste while using computers, mobile devices,
and related technologies
– Often used to ensure that an impostor is not participating in
an Internet transaction Information Privacy
A digital certificate is a notice that guarantees a user or a
Information privacy refers to the right of individuals and
website is legitimate
companies to deny or restrict the collection, use, and
A website that uses encryption techniques to secure its data is dissemination of information about them
known as a secure site
A cookie is a small text file that a web server stores on your
Backing Up – The Ultimate Safeguard computer
Phishing is a scam in which a perpetrator sends an official
A backup is a duplicate of a file, program, or media that can be
looking email message that attempts to obtain your personal
used if the original is lost, damaged, or destroyed
and/or financial information
– To back up a file means to make a copy of it
Spyware is a program placed on a computer or mobile device
without the user’s knowledge that secretly collects information
about the user and then communicates the information it
collects to some outside source while the user is online
Adware is a program that displays an online advertisement in a
banner or pop-up window on webpages, email messages, or
other Internet services
Social engineering is defined as gaining unauthorized access to
or obtaining confidential information by taking advantage of the
trusting human nature of some victims and the naivety of others
Employee monitoring involves the use of computers, mobile
devices, or cameras to observe, record, and review an
employee’s use of a technology, including communications such
as email messages, keyboard activity (used to measure
productivity), and websites visited
Content filtering is the process of restricting access to certain
material
Web filtering software restricts access to specified websites