CHAPTER 7 - Management of Instruction

MODULE: INTEG03- THE TEACHING PROFESSION
At the end of this module, learners will be able to:
1. explain that knowing themselves can make persons accept

their strengths and limitations and deal with others
better;
2. share their unique characteristics, habits, and experiences; and
3. start and maintain a journal.
Instructional management is defined as those events and pro-

cedures involved in the decision to initiate a specific activity for an
individual student
MANAGEMENT OF INSTRUCTION
Lesson Planning
Learning Objectives: Their importance and Construction
What is a Learning Objective?

A learning objective is a statement of what students will be able to do when
they have completed instruction. A learning objective has three major
components:
1. A description of what the student will be able to do;
2. The conditions under which the student will perform the task; and
3. The criteria for evaluating student performance
What is the difference between a goal and a Learning Objective?

A Goal is a statement of the intended general outcome of an instructional unit
or program. A goal statement describes a more global learning outcome. A
learning objective is a statement of one of several specific performances, the
achievement of which contributes to the attainment of the goal. A single GOAL
may have specific subordinate learning objectives. For example
GOAL: The goal of Learning Assessment course is to enable the students to

make reliable and accurate assessment of learning.
Learning Objectice#1: Given a learning objective of the student will be able to
develop an appropriate multiple-choice question to measure student
achievement of the objective.
Learning Objective#2: Given a printout from an item analysis of multiple choice
exam the student will be able to state the accuracy of the test scores
Learning Objective#3: Given the discrimination and difficulty indices of an item
the student will be able to determine if the item contributes to the reliability of
the exam.
Why Are Learning Objectives Important?

1. Selection of the content
2. Development of an instructional strategy
3. Development and selection of instructional materials
4. Construction of tests and other instruments for assessing and then
evaluating student learning outcomes
How Do You Write A Learning Objective?
1. Focus on student performance, not teacher performance
2. Focus on product, not process
3. Focus on terminal behavior, not subject matter

4. Include only general learning outcome in each objective.
A learning objective is a statement describing a competency of
performance capability to be acquired by the learner. There are three
characteristics essential t0o insuring clear statements of objectives.
Behavior- First, an objective must describe the competency to be learned

in performance terms. The choice of a verb is all-important here. Such
frequently used terms as know, understand, grasp, and appreciate do
not meet his requirement. If the verb used in stating an objective
identifies an observable student behavior, then the basis for a clear
statement is established. In addition, the type or level of learning must
be identified.
Criterion- Second, an objective should make clear how well a learner

must perform to be judge adequate. This can be done with a statement
indicating a degree of accuracy, a quantity or proportion of correct
responses or the like.
Conditions- Third, an objective should describe the conditions under

which the learner will be expected tperform in the evaluation situation.
The tools , references, or other aids thus will be provided or denied
should be made clear. Sometimes , one or even two of these elements will
be easily implied by a simple statement. In other times, however, it may
be necessary to clearly specify in detail each element of the objective. The
following is an example of a completed learning objective.
OBJECTIVE: “Given a set of data the student will be able to compute the
standard deviation”.
Condition- Given an set of data

Behavior- the student will be able to compute the standard deviation
Criterion – ( implied)- the number computed will be correct
Checklist for Writing a Specific Instructional Objective

1. Begin each statement of a specific learning outcome with a verb that
specifies definite , observable behavior.
2. Make sure that each statement meets all three of the criteria for a
good learning objective?
3. Be sure to include complex objectives ( appreciation, problem-solving,
etc) when they are appropriate
Guides or aids to writing learning objectives:

Educators and psychologist concerned with learning theory have given
considerable through the various types of learning that takes place in schools.
Probably the most comprehensive and widely known analysis of objectives in
the Taxonomy of Educational Objectives by Benjamin Bloom and others.
Taxonomy provides a consistent means of developing the single most powerful
tool in instruction and assessment of students learning outcomes-the learning
performance objective. The Taxonomy distinguishes among three major
categories of objectives termed the COGNITIVE DOMAIN, the PSYCHOMOTOR
DOMAIN, and the AFFECTIVE DOMAIN.
It is generally the Cognitive Learning Domain that is of primary concern in

higher education. If we assume that faculty is more concerned with process
and problem-solving activities, the categories of Taxonomy are most valuable in
suggesting various kinds of behavior to use as objectives. The following list of
process-oriented behaviors, which are related to the six categories of the
Taxonomy, should serve as a useful guide to the faculty in preparing
objectives.
Please click the link below for the Course Overview:

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBpLrzUMIdI
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hgdM-8XQjVs
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LuULivxT75c
 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02770827
 https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED059591
 https://www.slideshare.net/redmsoriano9/management-of-
instruction-56002467

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MODULE: INTEG03- THE TEACHING PROFESSION

At the end of this module, learners will be able to:

1. explain that knowing themselves can make persons accept

Instructional management is defined as those events and pro-

Learning Objectives: Their importance and Construction

What is a Learning Objective?

What is the difference between a goal and a Learning Objective?

GOAL: The goal of Learning Assessment course is to enable the students to

Why Are Learning Objectives Important?

3. Focus on terminal behavior, not subject matter

Behavior- First, an objective must describe the competency to be learned

Criterion- Second, an objective should make clear how well a learner

Conditions- Third, an objective should describe the conditions under

Condition- Given an set of data

Checklist for Writing a Specific Instructional Objective

Guides or aids to writing learning objectives:

It is generally the Cognitive Learning Domain that is of primary concern in

Please click the link below for the Course Overview:

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