WHOLE BRAIN LEARNING SYSTEM

OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL GRADE

Understanding Culture, Society
and Politics
11/12

2
LEARNING QUARTER

MODULE WEEK 4

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module UCSP 11/12 0

 MODULE IN
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE,
SOCIETY, AND POLITICS
QUARTER 2
WEEK 4
LESSON 1
Social Inequality (Part I)

Development Team
Writers: Clarisse C. Raval, Mac Alwin Z. Tacang
Editors/Reviewers: Rhonel S. Bandiola, Roxy G. Gaoiran
Richard A. Hapa
Lay-out Artist: Bryll B. Atienza
Management Team: Vilma D. Eda Arnel S. Bandiola
Lourdes B. Arucan Juanito V. Labao
Imelda Fatima G. Hernaez

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 What I Need to Know

What this module is about?

This module is a SELF-PACED learning material for you to continue your studies
in the comfort and safety of your home.

This module presents knowledge about the social inequalities in the society. It contains
interesting discussion that will guide you in understanding these concepts. Activities are found
in every lesson to test your understanding and to help you retain better what you have learned.

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Identify characteristics of the systems of stratification

What you are expected to learn?

After going through the module, you are expected to:

 define what inequalities mean; and
 evaluate the factors causing social inequalities.

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 What I Know

Pre-test: Jumbled Letters

Directions: Answer the questions by arranging the jumbled letters inside the box. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

UPERIDJEC 1. ____________ is a negative attitude toward the members of a

particular group.
GNITOAGPESAC 2. ____________ is a situation when people encounter problems
that they do not know how to solve, and they look for someone or
something else to be blamed for their own troubles or problems.
CINHTE
YTILAUQENI 3. ____________ is the consequences of hierarchical social
distinction between racial and ethnic categories within a society.
SIDONRCIMTINIA 4. ____________ is an at of depriving minorities of equal treatment
and are kept in a lower status by the dominant members of the
society and the resistance of equality.
SIRACM 5. ____________ is the belief that one’s own race is superior and
has the right to control or direct others.
COSLIA 6. ____________ is the existence of uneven opportunities and
YTILAUQENI rewards for a diverse social positions or statuses within a group
or society.
NOITNARMIEXTE 7. ____________ is the most tremendous from of rejection by
dominant members of a society towards minorities.

THECIN 8. ____________ are people whose cultural background differs

IEMOSIINRT from that of the dominant members of a society.

NSCEIRTHMEOTN 9. ____________ it is the belief that our own nation, race, or group
is the best.
GNERDE 10. ___________ is born out of the deepening division in the roles
UINYILQEAT assigned to men and women.

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 DAY 1

What’s New

Activity 1.1: What Do You Think?

Do you agree that every individual has an equal opportunity wherever they
come from, whatever they believed in, or whether they have a disability? Why do you
say so? Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

What is It

Social Inequality

Source: https://psmag.com/news/makes-people-ambivalent-social-inequality-
meritocracy

The existence of uneven opportunities and rewards for a diverse social

positions or statuses within a group or society is referred to as social inequality. It

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happens when resources, in whatever nature, are distributed unevenly in most
societies.
Social Inequality is correlated to racial inequality, gender inequality, ethnic
inequality and persons with disabilities, as well as other status characteristics. It is
shaped by a range of structural factors, such as geographical location or citizenship
status, and are often underpinned by cultural discourses and significant identities.

What’s In

Activity 1.2: Enumeration

Directions. Enumerate five (5) possible ways to eliminate, if not, minimize social
inequality in the society. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. __________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________________

4. __________________________________________________________

5. __________________________________________________________

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 DAY 2

What is It

Gender Inequality

Sex and gender-based

prejudice and discrimination,
called sexism, are major
contributing factors to social
inequality. Almost all societies
have some sexual division of
labor. The emphasis on gender
inequality is born out of the
deepening division in the roles
assigned to men and women,
particularly in the economic,
Source:https://probonoaustralia.com.au/news/2019/06/gender-inequality-and-social- political and educational spheres.
entrepreneurship/

Women are underrepresented in political activities and decision-making

processes in almost every part of the world. Gender discrimination, particularly
regarding the lower social status of women, has been a topic of discussion not only
within academic and activist communities but also by government agencies and
international bodies such as the United Nations.

The Struggle for Equal Rights

The modern concept of women as

people with full legal rights is a relatively
new idea for many years. Like in the
United States, in the 1940’s, eleven
states did not permit a woman to maintain
her own earnings without her husband’s
approval. Sixteen states ruled that a
woman could not make legal contracts. In
Souce: https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2019/6/14/women-rally-
seven states women were banned from for-equal-pay-gender-parity-in-switzerland

serving on juries. And many states controlled the kinds of jobs that women could hold.

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 What’s More

Activity 2: Picto-Message

Directions. Look at the picture. What do you think is the message it wants to portray?
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

(Source: https://sinistralscribbles.wordpress.com/2016/10/23/gender-equality-poster/)

For me, the message of the picture is _____________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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 DAY 3

What’s New

Racial and Ethnic Inequality

Racial and ethnic inequality is the consequences of hierarchical social
distinction between racial and ethnic categories within a society and are often
recognized based on characteristic such as skin color and other physical
characteristics or an individual’s place of origin or culture.
Despite the fact that race has no biological correlation, it became a socially
constructed category which is capable of restricting or enabling social status. Unequal
treatment and opportunities linking such categories is more often than not the outcome
of some categories being viewed as superior to others. This inequality can be visible
through biased hiring and pay practices.

Discrimination and Prejudice

Minorities are being deprived of
equal treatment and are kept in a lower
status by the dominant members of the
society and the resistance of equality is
called discrimination. Discrimination is a
damaging act, which can take many forms.

Source:https://www.hcamag.com/au/news/general/blog-how-to-
prevent-racial-discrimination-during-recruitment/145876
Closely linked to discrimination is
prejudice. Prejudice is defined as a
negative attitude toward members of a
particular group. It is a preconceived
idea or "prejudgment" of others that
allows us to brand/label them in various
pessimistic ways.

How does prejudice differ from

discrimination? Discrimination is an act
Source: https://www.strategian.com/2019/07/30/prejudice-
discrimination-and-social-norms/ while prejudice is an attitude.

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 Stereotyping

It refers to our propensity to

picture all members of a particular
category as having the same qualities.
Usually stereotyping is the result of
overgeneralization.

Source:https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/04/06/asians-are-stereotyped-
competent-cold-heres-how-that-increases-backlash-coronavirus-pandemic/

Ethnocentrism

The belief that our own

nation, race, or group is the best is
called ethnocentrism. The
consequence is we suppose that
other groups or societies are
inferior to our own. Thus, the
tendency to set ourselves apart as
the better one. Spurce: https://racolblegal.com/ethnocentrism-the-idea-behind-racism/

Scapegoating
This is a situation when people
encounter problems that they do not know
how to solve it. Often, they feel frustrated
and eventually it leads to aggression.
When it happens, people usually look
someone or something else to be blamed
for their own troubles or problems.
Racism
Source:https://www.inc.com/sylvia-lafair/how-to-stop-the-drama-of-
scapegoating-at-work.html It is the belief that one’s own race
is superior and has the right to control or
direct others. It helps maintain the myth
that other people are inferior because of
certain differences. Racism remains the
as one of the foremost ways that the
dominant members of a society sustain
the power over the minorities

Spurce:https://www.freepik.com/free-photos-vectors/racism

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 What’s More

Activity 3: Spot the Stigma

The Covid-19 outbreak has prompted a rise in stigma and discrimination against
people in many areas of the world. During the outbreak, people were labelled,
stereotyped, discriminated against, treated separately, and/or experience loss of
status because of a perceived link with a disease. List down some of the situations
manifesting the stigma and discrimination in your community due to the outbreak.
1. __________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________
Processing Question:
What can you do to counter these stigmatizing attitudes?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

DAY 4

What is It

ETHNIC MINORITIES
When people dwell in a society that does not share their cultural heritage, they
are labeled an ethnic minorities. They then, are people whose cultural background
differs from that of the dominant members of a society.

How Minorities Are Treated:

1. Extermination

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 The most tremendous form of rejection by dominant members of a society
toward minorities is to kill or exterminate them. It is the most brutal of all treatments of
minority people.

2. Expulsion
Expulsion is less severe form of rejection, compared to extermination. It is the
elimination of the minority group from the dominant society. Sometimes minorities are
expelled to an unused tract of land.

3. Segregation
In addition to being expelled from the society, the minority may be segregated
or isolated in specific neighborhoods. Segregation is the spatial separation of the
minority to the dominant members of the society.

4. Cultural Pluralism
The acceptance and recognition of cultural differences in subgroups among the
residents, with no single subgroup dominating the others.

5. Assimilation
The usual pattern of blending or assimilating is that minorities try to be similar
to the dominant members of the society. Assimilation has occurred when previously
distinct social categories blend into one unified social category.

6. Amalgamation
The blending through accepted intermarriage. Through this process, the
differences between dominant and minority members of society disappears.

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Activity 4.1: Research Time!

1. Look for a profile of a woman, a member of the LGBT, or a member of an ethnic
minority, who has made an invaluable contribution in your community, in the
society or in our country.
2. Describe his/her background and his/her invaluable contributions to the society.

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 WHAT I CAN DO

Activity 4.2: Illustration

Direction:
In a medium-sized bond paper, illustrate the Social Equality in your society.
Explain your illustration.

Point Description

4 points The learner

 Demonstrates a thorough understanding of the concepts of

the lessons embodied in the task.
 Indicates that the learner has completed the task correctly
and on time.
 Contains clear, complete explanations and/or adequate work
when required.
3 points The learner

 Demonstrates understanding of the concepts of the lessons

embodied in the task.
 Addresses most aspects of the task.
 Used correct procedure in completing the task.
 Show understanding of the underlying concepts and/or
procedures
2 points The learner

 Demonstrates only a limited understanding of the concepts of

the lessons embodied in the task.
 Addresses some elements of the task but reaches on
inadequate output and/or provides reasoning that is faulty or
incomplete.
 Exhibits multiple flaws related to a misunderstanding of
important aspects of the task, and using of improper
procedures.
 Reflects a lack of essential understanding of the underlying
concepts.
1 point A one-point grade is completely incorrect, irrelevant or incoherent, or
a correct output that was arrived at using an obviously incorrect
procedure.

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 Now that you are through with the module, CONGRATULATIONS!!! You are ready for
the posttest. Answer the posttest and find out how well you have gone through the module.
Compare your score with that of the pretest. If you got higher, that means that you have
learned something. GOOD LUCK!

Assessment

Post-test: Jumbled Letters

Directions: Answer the questions by arranging the jumbled letters inside the box.
1. ____________ it is the belief that our own nation, race, or group
NSCEIRTHMEOTN
is the best.
2. ____________ is a situation when people encounter problems
GNITOAGPESAC
that they do not know how to solve, and they look for someone or
something else to be blamed for their own troubles or problems.
SIDONRCIMTINIA
3. ____________ is an at of depriving minorities of equal
treatment and are kept in lower status by the dominant members
of the society and the resistance of equality.
COSLIA
4. ____________ is the existence of uneven opportunities and
YTILAUQENI
rewards for a diverse social positions or statuses within a group
or society.
THECIN
5. ____________ are people whose cultural background differs
IEMOSIINRT from that of the dominant members of a society.
6. ____________ is a negative attitude toward the members of a
UPERIDJEC
particular group.
CINHTE 7. ____________ is the consequences of hierarchical social
YTILAUQENI distinction between racial and ethnic categories within a society.
8. ____________ is the belief that one’s own race is superior and
SIRACM has the right to control or direct others.
GNERDE 9. ___________ is born out of the deepening division in the roles
UINYILQEAT assigned to men and women.

NOITNARMIEXTE 10. ____________ is the most tremendous from of rejection by

dominant members of a society towards minorities.

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 Answer Key

Pre-test : What’s New Post-test :

(Activity 1.1)
1. PREJUDICE 1. ETNOCENTRISM
Answers may vary
2. SCAPEGOATING 2. SCAPEGOATING
What’s In
3. ETHNIC INEQUALITY 3. DISCRIMINATION
(Activity 1.2)
4. DISCRIMINATION Answers may vary 4. SOCIAL INEQUALITY
5. RACISM 5. ETHNIC MINORITIES
What’s More
6. SOCIAL INEQUALITY (Activity 2) 6. PREJUDICE
Answers may vary
7. EXTERMINATION 7. ETHNIC INEQUALITY
8. ETHNIC MINORITIES What’s More 8. RACISM
(Activity 3)
9. ETNOCENTRISM Answers may vary 9. GENDER INEQUALITY
10. GENDER INEQUALITY 10. EXTERMINATION
What I Have Learned
(Activity 4.1)
Answers may vary

What I Can Do
(Activity 4.2)
Answers may vary

References
Baleṅa, Ederlina et. al. 2016. Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics. Quezon City:
Educational Resources Corporation.

OTHER SOURCES:

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-introductiontosociology/chapter/defining-
social-stratification/

https://www.slideshare.net/MrTimBradley/sociology-unit-5-power-point-2-34294004

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Laoag City

Curriculum Implementation Division
Brgy. 23 San Matias, Laoag City, 2900
Contact Number: (077)-771-3678
Email Address: laoag.city@deped.gov.ph

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