Republic of the Philippines

Northwest Samar State University

Rueda St., Calbayog City 6710

Website: http//www.nwssu.edu.ph

Email: main@nwssu.edu.ph

Telefax: (055) 2093657

ISO 9001:2015

Certified

PROJECT IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

BASIC INFORMATION

I. TITLE:

Quarrying Impacts on the Workers and the Environment

II. PROPONENT/S:

Jennycel C. Sobaino

III. AGENCY / COLLEGE / DEPARTMENT:

College of Education

IV. RESEARCH SITE:

P.3, Brgy. Cagsalaosao Calbayog City

I. INTRODUCTION

Environmental changes triggered by the pollution of humans, and natural water

and soil re-sources production have long been a serious problem in the world. Activities

of quarrying have an important influence on the environment. Quarrying is a process

where rock, sand, gravel or other minerals are removed from the ground. The materials

provided by quarrying are essential to our daily lives, providing the building materials to

build roads and buildings, supplying vital minerals to agriculture, supporting the

generation of electricity and bringing a manpower which is a great help to the people

living in the area. These projects have economic and social benefits, but the quarrying

of sand can also present environmental issues. Environmental problems occur when the

rate of sand, gravel and other material extraction exceeds the rate at which those

materials are produced by natural processes.

We have had a number of serious environmental-geological problems for socio-

economic development and processes of urban transformation, such as increased

environmental pollution, soil erosion, deterioration of landscape beauty, trends and

integrity, changes in groundwater drainage and consequent geological disasters caused

by natural ecosystems.

Calbayog is a coastal component City in Samar province with a total of 157

barangays (Phil Atlas, 2020). The Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) regional

office has identified 28 barangays in town prone to landslide incidents. Most of these

barangays were in the coastal areas where the bulk of the quarrying operations are
situated (Master, 2018). And Brgy. Cagsalaosao is one of those barangays that until

now have been involved in quarrying. Some people live who are involved to quarrying

are not conscious of what will happen in our environment when quarrying persists and

until now they still doing it because it is one of the easiest sources of living.

Given our community's current situation, the researcher feels the need to

evaluate how many people are involved in quarrying and how it helps the people who

live there. In order to share knowledge of the consequences that the quarrying activity

might bring to the area. In this way, it is a great help for us to understand their situation

better. And hopefully this research would be use as an instrument to help them.

II. OBJECTIVES:

The purpose of this study is to examine the positive and negative effects of

quarrying in Brgy. Cagsalaosao, Calbayog City. Positive in terms of financial benefit and

negative in terms of environmental effects associated with future quarrying operations,

and proposing best management practices to mitigate adverse impacts.

Specifically, this study aims:

1. To assess the total number of people who are involved in quarrying.

2. To evaluate the total income of doing quarrying as a job per month.

3. To determine the reasons why they are engaged in quarrying.

4. To share awareness to the effects might bring in the community and environment.
III. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE:

In support of the country's infrastructure and overall economic growth, Quarrying

has been going on in the Philippines for many years (Martin & Discipulo, 1996). The

average annual production of national sand and gravel was estimated at roughly P4

billion for the period 1985-1998 (Israel, 2001). And that has always been a big issue but

this wasn't addressed properly because there had been bigger issues ahead.

River quarrying leads to the uneven deepening of the riverbeds and the

destruction of the riverbanks. Furthermore, this form of quarrying causes soil erosion,

contamination, siltation, and downstream bodies and areas flooding. In addition to this,

quarrying activities create dusts in quarry sites along their transport routes and noise

pollution, much to the detriment of the local population.

According to the theory of poverty by Brady (2019). It explains the causes of the

poverty. Furthermore, he proposes that most theories of poverty can be productively

categorized into three broader families of theories: behavioral, structural, and political.

Behavioral theories concentrate on individual behaviors as driven by incentives and

culture. Structural theories emphasize the demographic and labor market context, which

causes both behavior and poverty. Political theories contend that power and institutions

cause policy, which causes poverty and moderates the relationship between behavior

and poverty.

Another is the theory of job satisfaction by Hassard, Teoh, and Cox (2018). It

states that the two most common definitions describe job satisfaction as: “the

pleasurable emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job as achieving or
facilitating the achievement of one’s job values and the extent to which people like

(satisfaction) or dislike (dissatisfaction) their jobs. Moreover, it explains about Maslow’s

needs hierarchy theory. It is the first theory to examine the important contributors to job

satisfaction. The theory suggests that human needs form a five-level hierarchy

consisting of: physiological needs, safety, belongingness/love, esteem, and self-

actualization. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs postulates that there are essential needs that

need to be met first (such as, physiological needs and safety), before more complex

needs can be met (such as, belonging and esteem).

It also describes about the Job Characteristics Model (JCM) which explains that

job satisfaction occurs when the work environment encourages intrinsically motivating

characteristics. Five key job characteristics: skill variety, task identity, task significance,

autonomy and feedback, influence three psychological states .Subsequently, the three

psychosocial states then lead to a number of potential outcomes, including: job

satisfaction. Therefore from an organizations’ point of view, it is thought that by

improving the five core job dimensions this will subsequently lead to a better work

environment and increased job satisfaction.

Quarrying is a method of land use for mining non-fuel and non-ferrous rock

mineral. Typically, it is made using open-cast methods with rock drills, dynamite

explosion and other techniques (Ukpong, 2010). The effects on the environment are

severe, such as plant degradation, destroying animal habitats, blockages on the

mechanism of natural drainage, soil erosion, dust contamination and noise, as stated by

Ukpong, triggered the relocation of people living around the site.

critical information of the respondents about the effect of Stone quarry on local

environmental Knowledge (Langer 2011). The interview was carried out.

The bank of the river stretched to neighboring farmlands (Esguerra, N. et al.,

2008). During rainy days, sand and gravel were carried along by the fluvial, deposits

were made on the banks and vegetation helped slowly by the highest soil.

Another theory is about modernization by Winston and Shinn (2003-2020). It

discusses about the Marxist theory of modernization which theorized that as nations

developed, adopting a communist approach to governing, such as eradicating private

property, would end conflict, exploitation, and inequality.

IV. METHODOLOGY:

In this study, the researcher will use a descriptive research design since its

purpose is to gather applicable data about the research problem. The target sample are

the people who are involved in quarrying living in Brgy. Cagsalaosao,Calbayog City.

The sampling technique for choosing a subset of individuals will be randomly selected

base from the availability of the target population of the locale of the study.

For this study, questionnaires were chosen to collect the data required for the

investigation because they are a reliable and fast method of collecting information from

the respondents in an effective and timely way. The frequency count, weighted mean,

and a percentage will be used respectively and thoughtfully to classify information

reflected on the documents as well as the questionnaires that were collected. The data
analysis will become a descriptive analysis that summarize the data and describe

sample characteristics.

V. REFERENCES

Phil Atlas. (2020).Calbayog City Samar Profile. In the Calbayog City Samar Profile.
https://www.philatlas.com/visayas/r08/samar/calbayog.html

Master, W. (2018, April 20). Illegal Quarry Operations Provides Employment to Poor
Families in Calbayog City. Leyte-Samar Daily Express.
https://www.leytesamardailynews.com/illegal-quarry-operations-provides-employment-
to-poor-families-in-calbayog-city/

Martin, S.G. and R.L. Discipulo. (1996). The Concrete Aggregates Industry inRegionIVA
(Mainland). Mines and Geosciences Bureau, Quezon City.

Israel, D. (2001, July). The Silent Dangers of Quarrying. Makati City: Philippine Institute
for Development Studies. https://core.ac.uk/reader/6506130

Morazes J. and Pintak I. (2008, Oct 12). Theories of Global Poverty. Tailor and Francis
Online.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J137v16n01_08

Brady D. (2019, April 2). Theories of the Causes of Poverty. Annual Review of
Sociology.https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-073018-022550

Hassard J., Teoh K., and Cox T. (2018, Feb. 7). Job Satisfaction: Theories and
Definitions. OSHWIKI Networking Knowledge.
https://oshwiki.eu/wiki/Job_satisfaction:_theories_and_definitions

Winston K. and Shinn J. (2003-2020). Modernization Theory: Definition, Development &