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    Microwave Devices: Objectives

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    ba besha
    This document describes an experiment involving microwave devices conducted in the Electrical Engineering department at the University of Tripoli. The objectives are to measure power and frequency at microwave frequencies, characterize a Gunn oscillator, and understand the basic principles of an attenuator, isolator, and directional coupler. Key equipment includes a Gunn oscillator, power meter, SWR meter, and directional coupler. The procedures describe setting up experiments to measure power from the Gunn oscillator, take its IV characteristics, and use the directional coupler to measure coupling factor and directivity.

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    Microwave Devices: Objectives

    Uploaded by

    ba besha
    29 views7 pages
    This document describes an experiment involving microwave devices conducted in the Electrical Engineering department at the University of Tripoli. The objectives are to measure power and frequency at microwave frequencies, characterize a Gunn oscillator, and understand the basic principles of an attenuator, isolator, and directional coupler. Key equipment includes a Gunn oscillator, power meter, SWR meter, and directional coupler. The procedures describe setting up experiments to measure power from the Gunn oscillator, take its IV characteristics, and use the directional coupler to measure coupling factor and directivity.

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    Microwave

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    This document describes an experiment involving microwave devices conducted in the Electrical Engineering department at the University of Tripoli. The objectives are to measure power and frequency at microwave frequencies, characterize a Gunn oscillator, and understand the basic principles of an attenuator, isolator, and directional coupler. Key equipment includes a Gunn oscillator, power meter, SWR meter, and directional coupler. The procedures describe setting up experiments to measure power from the Gunn oscillator, take its IV characteristics, and use the directional coupler to measure coupling factor and directivity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views7 pages

    Microwave Devices: Objectives

    Uploaded by

    ba besha
    This document describes an experiment involving microwave devices conducted in the Electrical Engineering department at the University of Tripoli. The objectives are to measure power and frequency at microwave frequencies, characterize a Gunn oscillator, and understand the basic principles of an attenuator, isolator, and directional coupler. Key equipment includes a Gunn oscillator, power meter, SWR meter, and directional coupler. The procedures describe setting up experiments to measure power from the Gunn oscillator, take its IV characteristics, and use the directional coupler to measure coupling factor and directivity.

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    University of Tripoli / Faculty of engineering / EE department

    EE521 Communication and electronics lab 2

    Microwave devices
    Prepared by: Abdullah Abograin.

    Objectives:
     To measure the power and frequency at microwave frequencies.
     To measure the IV characteristics of the Gunn oscillator and the
    voltage power relation.
     To understand the basic operating principles of the attenuator and
    the isolator.
     To measure the coupling factor and directivity of the directional
    coupler.

    Theory:
    For a review of the theoretical background of the experiment, it is
    suggested to study:

    R. Collin, "Foundations for microwave engineering" 2 nd edition chapter6.

    Equipment:
     Gunn oscillator power supply.
     Gunn oscillator.
     Power meter.
     Thermistor mount.
     SWR meter.
     Crystal detector.

    1
     Matched load (2).
     Fixed and variable attenuators.
     Isolator.
     Wavemeter.
     Directional coupler (10 dB).
     Cables and accessories.

    Procedure:
    A. Power measurement

     Make sure that all power switches are in the (off) position. Set up
    the modules and assemble the microwave components as shown in
    figure1. Note: Before connecting the Thermistor Mount, unscrew
    the matching screws so that they do not penetrate into the
    waveguide.
     Make the following settings on the Gunn Oscillator Power Supply:
    VOLTAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MIN.
    MODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .DC
    METER SCALE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 V
     Turn on the Gunn Oscillator Power Supply and the power meter by
    setting their POWER switch to the (ON) position.
     Adjust the variable attenuator to about 3dB.
     Select the 10mW range on the power meter and using (zero adjust)
    knobs bring the needle of the meter to 0mW.
     Set the Gunn Oscillator supply voltage to 8.5 V. Wait for about 2
    minutes to allow the modules to warm up.
     Adjust the short circuit at the back of the thermistor mount and the
    matching screws to obtain a maximum power reading.
     Slowly, vary the calibrated frequency reading on the power meter
    between 10 and 11GHz while observing the power reading. Record
    the frequency where the power reading is suddenly reduced.
     Adjust the variable attenuator to obtain a reading of 2mW on the
    power meter. Disconnect the supply cable from the Gunn oscillator
    and select the 3mW range on the power meter and redo zero
    adjustment, reconnect the Gunn oscillator and read the power.

    B. The Gunn oscillator


     Assemble the components as shown in figure2.
     Set the Gunn oscillator's supply voltage to 0V.

    2
     On the power meter, select the 3mW range and make the zero
    adjustment.
     For each value of the voltage given in table1 perform the
    following:
    i. Select the 10V range and adjust the voltage for the required
    value.
    ii. Select the 250mA range and measure the current drawn by
    the Gunn oscillator.
    iii. Measure the RF power.
    iv. Calculate the efficiency using:

    Figure 1

    Figure 2

    3
    Table 1

    C. The Isolator
     Assemble the components as shown in figure3.
     Measure the power with the isolator is connected in the forward
    and reverse directions.

    4
    Figure 3

    D. The directional coupler


     Assemble the components as shown in figure4.
     Make the following settings on the Gunn Oscillator Power Supply:
    VOLTAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MIN.
    MODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1KHz
    METER SCALE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10V
     Make the following settings on the SWR meter:
    Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -30dB.
    Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10dB
    SCALE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Normal
    Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Hz
     Power up the Gunn oscillator power supply and the SWR meter.
    Wait 1-2 minutes to allow the power supply to warm up. Adjust the
    Gunn oscillator power supply to 8.5V.
     Adjust the variable attenuator for about 30dB and adjust the Gain
    knob to get a suitable reading on the SWR meter. This is the
    reference level.
     Disconnect the Gunn oscillator's cable and assemble the setup of
    figure5.
     Reconnect the Gunn oscillator.
     Reduce the attenuation of the variable attenuator until you get the
    same reference reading on the SWR meter. The reduction in
    attenuation is the coupling factor.
     Repeat the procedure to measure the power at port4 for the
    experiment setup shown in figure6. Here, you will measure the
    directivity.

    5
    Figure 4

    Figure 5

    Figure 6

    6
    Prelab questions
    Fall 2021

    1 – Briefly, explain the basic theory of Gunn diode oscillators.


    2 – Explain how a variable height cylindrical cavity can be used for
    frequency measurement.
    3 – Illustrate some examples of matched loads built for waveguides and
    explain their operation.
    4 – What is meant by reciprocal and nonreciprocal devices, give some
    examples on each.
    5 – Sketch an example of a ferrite isolator and explain its operation.
    6 – Mention at least two applications of directional couplers and illustrate
    how we can use directional couplers for these applications.

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