Parasites Exam 4
Parasites Exam 4
Parasites Exam 4
Trichuris trichiuria Intestinal Asymptomatic Worldwide, prevalent in tropics Limit fecal oral
Whipworm Size - <50 mm Buried in the colon sub Acquired by ingesting eggs in food or transmission
Lack an excretory system mucosa water or soil
P: Nematoda Mouth is simple opening whipworm dysentery Mebendazole and
C: Adenophorea One uterus finger/toe clubbing Presence of egg in stool albendazole
O: Trichocephalida Growth retardation Egg is barrel shaped, triple shell,
Rectal prolapse appearance of mucoid plugs
Trichinella spiralis Human-pig-rat cycle Angiogenesis Worldwide distribution Serological skin tests
Larvae-adult take 5 days Marked eosinophilia Strain differences in regions Properly good meat
The worm that would be 1st stage larva – infective Nausea, fever, etc. Acquired by eating minimally cooked
virus De-differentiates muscle Pneumonia, encephalitis infected meat
Strongyloides stercoralis Didelphic (two uteri and Swelling and itching Dogs and cats infect humans Albendazole,
Threadworm oviducts) Abdominal pain, vomiting, Zoonosis ivermectin
Protandrogonous females and diarrhea Worldwide Screening of pregnant
C: Secernentea Parthenogenesis High incidence in mental institutions women and treatment
SC: Rhabditida Females are longer Identification of larvae in feces Appropriate disposal
O: Rhabditia Eggs seldom seen in feces of human waste
Necator americanus Well-developed buccal Arrested development Worldwide Ivermectin,
Ancylostoma duodenale capsule bearing cutting plates Blood loss -> iron deficiency Ancylostoma – ‘old world’, humans mebendazole
Hookworm or teeth Desire to eat soil Necator – Western hemisphere,
Umbrella shaped bursa Africa, dogs
O: Strongylida Actively consume blood Zoonotic
Eggs – thin walled, cleaved embryos
Ascaris lumbricoides Largest of common Obstructive appendicitis Worldwide, prevalent in tropics Mebendazole,
nematodes Fevers induce migration Eggs killed by prolonged dry peperazine, citrate,
O: Ascaridida Didelphic Loeffler’s pneumonia conditions cyclobendazole
Cylindrical esophagus Small blood blots in lungs Eggs ingested by dirt-eating or eating
Prolific egg producers Wandering raw vegetables Limit fecal of soil
Loss of appetite, colicky Pigs are important reservoirs
cramps
Impaired growth Eggs in feces
Eggs – ovoidal, transparent middle
layer
This study source was downloaded by 100000757453209 from CourseHero.com on 12-16-2021 13:28:16 GMT -06:00
Parasite Description Disease Diagnosis Treatment
Anisakis spp. Found in stomach of marine Swelling of digestive tract Areas where SW fish are eaten raw Keep fish frozen,
animals Obstruction prevent parasites from
IH: crustaceans, marine fish Peritonitis Biopsy or endoscopy migrating to tissue
Surgical removal of
tissue
Enterobius vermicularis Inhabit cecum, spread to Minimal effects Most common nematode Scrupulous hygiene
Pinworm adjacent areas in SI and LI Perineal and perianal itching Cosmopolitan distribution Wash beddings and
Females are longer Can migrate to vagina More common in children, clothes of infected
O: Oxyurida Wing-like extension Abdominal and urinary tract institutions, and families children with hot
F: Oxyuroidae Didelphic infection Mode of transportation: hand-to- water
mouth, cross-infection, inhalation,
retro-infection
This study source was downloaded by 100000757453209 from CourseHero.com on 12-16-2021 13:28:16 GMT -06:00
Parasite Description Disease Diagnosis Treatment
Onchocerca volvulus Adults in nodules of Nodules form from Infects humans Ivermectin
River blindness subcutaneous tissue inflammatory response Sub-Saharan Africa, Central America, Surgical removal of
Females – 50 cm Skin discoloration Columbia, Venezuela nodules
Male – 19 cm Whitish corneal opacity Simulium breed in small fast running
Microfilariae are unsheathed streams Control of black fly
and circulate lymphatics and
skin Detection of microfilariae in skin
Transmitted by Simulium snips
Infective at L3
Mansonella ozzardi Filaria of the New World Little or no reaction Infect other primates
Live in body cavities
Microfilariae are unsheathed,
circulate in blood
Transmitted by Culicoides
Mansonella streptocerca Found in East through West May cause hypopigmented Infect monkeys Diethylcarbamazine?
Africa macules
Adults in dermis Microfilariae in skin snips or adults in
Microfilariae are unsheathed biopsy or skin
Transmitted by Culicoides
Manzonella perstans Broad distribution of Tropical Mild infections Infects other primates Diethylcarbamazine?
Africa, South America, Abdominal pain
Trinedad Eosinophilia in indigenes Recovery of microfilariae in blood
Body cavities
Microfilariae are unsheathed
and circulate in blood
Transmitted by Culicoides
Dirofilaria Immitis DH: Dog Superficial eye infections in Worldwide Ivermectin
Dog heartworm Zoonosis in humans humans
L3 larvae in dogs Severe heart infection
This study source was downloaded by 100000757453209 from CourseHero.com on 12-16-2021 13:28:16 GMT -06:00
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)