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Cooling Tower

The document describes three examples of cooling tower calculations. In the first example, the exit temperature of cooled water is calculated to be 31.9°C. The second example determines that 0.654 kg of air at a volume of 0.5709 m3 is needed to cool 1 kg of water, and 248.7 kg/min of water can be cooled with 142 m3/min of air. The third example finds the air mass flow rate to be 3.244 kg/s and make-up water requirement to be 0.1810 kg/s.

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Lucas Furlan
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186 views

Cooling Tower

The document describes three examples of cooling tower calculations. In the first example, the exit temperature of cooled water is calculated to be 31.9°C. The second example determines that 0.654 kg of air at a volume of 0.5709 m3 is needed to cool 1 kg of water, and 248.7 kg/min of water can be cooled with 142 m3/min of air. The third example finds the air mass flow rate to be 3.244 kg/s and make-up water requirement to be 0.1810 kg/s.

Uploaded by

Lucas Furlan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

COOLING TOWERS

1. A mechanical-draft cooling tower receives 115 m3 per second of atmospheric


air at 103 kPa, 32 C dry bulb temperature, 55% RH and discharges the air
saturated at 36 C. If the tower receives 200 kg/s of water at 40 C, what will be
the exit temperature of the cooled water?

Solution:

m 3 = 200 kg s
t3 = 40 C

tdb2 = 36 C saturated

V1 =115 m3 s
tdb1 = 32 C
φ1 = 55%

at 1, for tdb1 = 32 C
pd = 4.799 kPa
hg1 =2559.9 kJ kg

1
COOLING TOWERS

ps = φ1 pd = 0.55( 4.799 ) = 2.639 kPa


0.622 ps 0.622( 2.639 )
W1 = = = 0.0164 kg kg
pt − ps 103 − 2.639

h1 = cptdb1 + W1hg = (1.0062)( 32 ) + ( 0.0164)( 2559.9 ) = 74.2 kJ kg

v1 =
RT
=
( 0.287 )( 32 + 273) = 0.8722 m3 kg
pt − ps 103 − 2.639
V 115
a= 1 =
m =131.85 kg s
v1 0.8722

at 2, t db2 = 36 C , saturated
ps = pd = 5.979 kPa
hg 2 = 2567.1 kJ kg

0.622ps 0.622( 5.979 )


W2 = = = 0.0383 kg kg
pt − ps 103 − 5.979

h2 = cptdb2 + W2 hg = (1.0062 )( 36) + ( 0.0383)( 2567.1) = 134.5 kJ kg

At 3, t3 = 40 C
h3 =hf at 40 C =167.57 kJ kg

To solve for m  4:
By Mass Balance:
m 3 +m
 a + W1m
 a =m  4 +m
 a + W2 m
a
 3 + ( W1 − W2 ) m
 4 =m
m  a = 200 + ( 0.0164 − 0.0383)(131.85) = 197.1 kg s

To solve for h4 :
m ah1 + m
 3 h3 = m
 4 h4 + m
 ah2
(131.85)( 74.2) + ( 200)(167.57 ) = (197.1) ( h4 ) + (131.85)(134.5)
h4 =129.70 kJ kg
∴ t4 = 31.9 C - exit water temperature.

2. In a cooling tower water enters at 52 C and leaves at 27 C. Air at 29 C and


47% RH also enters the cooling tower and leaves at 46 C fully saturated with
moisture. It is desired to determine (a) the volume and mass of air necessary to
cool 1 kg of water, and (b) the quantity of water that can be cooled with 142 cu
m per minute of atmospheric air.

2
COOLING TOWERS

Solution:

t3 = 52 C
tdb2 = 46 C sat
tdb1 = 29 C
φ1 = 47%
t4 = 27 C

From psychrometric chart


At 1, tdb1 = 29 C , φ1 = 47%
h1 =59 kJ kg
W1 = 0.0116 kg kg
v1 = 0.873 m3 kg

at 2, tdb2 = 46 C , saturated
ps = pd =10.144 kPa
hg2 =2585.0 kJ kg

3
COOLING TOWERS

0.622 ps 0.622(10.144 )
W2 = = = 0.0692 kg kg
pt − ps 101.325 − 10.144

h2 = cptdb2 + W2 hg = (1.0062 )( 46) + ( 0.0692)( 2585) = 225.2 kJ kg

At 3, t3 = 52 C
h3 =hf at 52 C =217.69 kJ kg

At 4, t4 = 27 C
h4 =hf at 27 C =113.25 kJ kg

(a) Volume of air necessary to cool 1 kg of water = V1 = mav1

To solve for ma when m3 =1 kg

By energy balance:
Eq. (1) mah1 + m3 h3 = mah2 + m4 h4
By mass balance
m3 − m4 = ma (W2 − W1 )
Eq. (2) m4 = m3 − ma (W2 − W1 )
Substitute in (1)

Eq. (3) mah1 + m3 h3 = mah2 + [ m3 − ma ( W2 − W1 ) ] h4


( ma ) ( 59) + (1)( 217.69) = ( ma ) ( 225.2) + [1 − ( ma ) ( 0.0692 − 0.0116) ] (113.25)
ma = 0.654 kg

Volume of air = V1 = mav1 = ( 0.654 )( 0.873) = 0.5709 m3

Mass of air required = ma = 0.654 kg

(b) Let m
 3 = quantity of water.
V 142
a= 1 =
m =162.66 kg min
v1 0.873

Use Eq. (3), change ma → m


 a , m3 → m
3
 ah1 + m
m  ah2 + [ m
 3 h3 = m  a ( W2 − W1 ) ] h4
 3 −m
 3 ) ( 217.69) = (162.66)( 225.2 ) + [ m
(162.66)( 59) + ( m  3 − (162.66)( 0.0692 − 0.0116 ) ](113.25)
9597 + 217.69m  3 =36,631 +113.25m
 3 −1061.1
 3 = 248.7 kg min
m

∴ Quantity of water =  3 = 248.7 kg min


m

4
COOLING TOWERS

3. A cooling tower receives 6 kg/s of water of 60 C. Air enters the tower at 32 C


dry bulb and 27 C wet bulb temperatures and leaves at 50 C and 90%
relative humidity. The cooling efficiency is 60.6%. Determine (a) the mass
flow rate of air entering, and (b) the quantity of make-up water required.

Solution:

m 3 = 6 kg s , t3 = 60 C
tdb2 = 50 C
φ 2 = 90%
tdb1 = 32 C
twb1 = 27 C

Cooling tower efficiency = 60.6%

To solve for t 4 :
t3 − t 4
Efficiency =
t3 − twb1
60 − t4
0.606 =
60 − 27

5
COOLING TOWERS

t3 = 40 C

at 1, tdb1 = 32 C , twb1 = 27 C
h1 =85 kJ kg
W1 = 0.0208 kg kg

at 2, tdb2 = 50 C , φ 2 = 90%
pd =12.349 kPa
ps = φ2 pd = ( 0.90 )(12.349) = 11.114 kPa
hg2 =2592.1 kJ kg
0.622 ps 0.622(11.114 )
W2 = = = 0.0766 kg kg
pt − ps 101.325 −11.114

h2 = cptdb2 + W2 hg = (1.0062 )( 50) + ( 0.0766 )( 2592.1) = 248.9 kJ kg

At 3, t3 = 60 C
h3 =hf at 60 C =251.13 kJ kg

At 4, t4 = 40 C
h4 =hf at 40 C =167.57 kJ kg
By mass balance
m3 − m4 = ma (W2 − W1 )
m4 = m3 − ma (W2 − W1 )

By energy valance
m a h1 + m
 3h3 = m
 a h2 + m
 4 h4
m  ah1 + m  3 h3 = m  ah2 + [ m
 3 −m  a ( W2 − W1 ) ] h4
( m a ) ( 85) + ( 6)( 251.13) = ( m a ) ( 248.9) + [ 6 − ( m a ) ( 0.0766 − 0.0208) ](167.57 )
85m  a +1506.8 = 248.9m
 a +1005.4 −9.35m
a
m a = 3.244 kg s

 a = 3.244 kg s
(a) Mass flow rate of air = m
(b) Make Up Water = ma (W2 − W1 ) = ( 3.244 )( 0.0766 − 0.0208) = 0.1810 kg s

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