Unit 3 - Composite Materials

CONTEMPORARY BUILDING MATERIALS
AR8007_Sem07_2021-22
UNIT 3 – COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Prepared by Ar. Srinath Venkatesh, Asst. Professor, McGAN’S Ooty School of Architecture
How does Composite vary from Composite Material ???
Composites are one of the most widely used A Composite material can be defined as a
materials because of their adaptability to different combination of two or more materials (having
situations and the relative ease of combination with significantly different physical or chemical properties)
other materials to serve specific purposes and that results in better properties than those of the
exhibit desirable properties. individual components.
Concrete + Glass fibres Bendable concrete

Concrete + Opt. fibre cables Translucent concrete
Carbon fibre + epoxy resin Carbon fibre reinforced
polymers
Concrete + Glass fibres Glass fibre reinforced
concrete
How Composites are being classified?
Matrix Composites are basically a binding material that holds the reinforcing materials in place within the composite material.
Reinforcement Composites are basically the ingredients of a composite materials that delivers strength, durability, uniform
load distribution and many other properties within the composite material.
MATRIX COMPOSITES
Polymer Matrix Composites
Thermoplastic The composite can be moulded and Example, PVC used for
shaped do desired form by heating. manufacturing pipes and fitting
Once moulded and cured, can be
deformed again to desired shapes by
heating.
Thermoset The composite, once they have Example, Epoxy resin when used in
attained chemical bonding through translucent concrete
heating, the material cannot be
reversed.
Metal Matrix Composite A composite material that uses Example, Reinforcement steel that
metals and it alloys as a binding uses Copper for resisting the steel
material from corrosion
Ceramic Matrix Composite A composite material that uses Example, Cement used in concrete
materials exhibiting high plasticity as serving as a binding material in
a binding material bendable concrete
REINFORCEMENT COMPOSITES
Particle Reinforced Composites A composite that consist of tiny Example, Mixing of sand in Cement
particles that are embedded in a for preparation of mortar
matrix composite
Fiber Reinforced Composites
Short Fiber Fibers extruded from manufacturing Example, Glass fibers in corrugated
process are split into uniform size roofing sheets
ranging from 6-10cms
Continuous Fiber Fibers extruded from manufacturing Example, Carbon fibre yarns used for
process are wounded into yarn for manufacturing Carbon Fiber
preparing fabrics, sheets, strips and Reinforced Polymer Wraps
so on
Structural Reinforced Composites A composite also forming a Example, Concrete Sandwich wall
structural member within the panels with insulation foam in
composite material between the concrete panels
Use of Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs)
PMCs otherwise called as Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRPs). The inclusions may include continuous fibers (such as
glass, carbon, aramid, basalt, or polymer fibers), short fibers (such as chopped glass fibers or chopped carbon fibers), platy
inclusions (such as exfoliated clay platelets), spherical particles (such as glass microspheres), particles with irregular shapes
(such as carbon black particles or fumed silica particles which are aggregates of very small primary particles), or
combinations of two or more types of such materials. The term filler is also often used to describe an inclusion since it “fills”
the polymer matrix.
Applications – Fiber Reinforced Concrete Members
The use of Fibre Reinforced Polymer composites for repair and strengthening of civil engineering structures is gaining
increasing acceptance worldwide and can be considered close to achieving the status of main stream technology. Especially,
widespread is the application of externally bonded FRP laminates and bars for flexural strength of RCC members.
the polymer matrix.
Applications – Glass fibre reinforced polymers

Glass fiber reinforced polymer also known as glass fiber reinforced
plastic is a composite material weaving fiber E-glass and polyester
material together. It can range from a tensile strength of 44-
2358MPa, and a compressive strength from 140-350Mpa while only
weighing a quarter of the weight of steel. The woven material can be
hardened with a thermosetting polymers such as epoxy, resin or
thermoplastics.
To work with seamless shell structures, GFRP is pasted together in a

way similar to papier mache, but instead of glue they use resin.
When using across large areas a supportive structure either concrete
or a wire frame structure is required to paste the glass fibre onto.
The papier mache method is repeated until thickness is reached and
then could be sanded down and finished with wax coating or paint.
the polymer matrix.
Applications – Glass fibre reinforced polymers

Steel fiber reinforced polymer (SRP) composite materials, which
consist of continuous unidirectional steel wires (cords) embedded in
a polymeric matrix, have recently emerged as an effective solution
for strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. SRP is
bonded to the surface of RC structures by the same matrix to provide
external reinforcement. Interfacial debonding between the SRP and
concrete is a primary concern in this type of application.

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CONTEMPORARY BUILDING MATERIALS

UNIT 3 – COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Concrete + Glass fibres Bendable concrete

Applications – Fiber Reinforced Concrete Members

Applications – Glass fibre reinforced polymers

To work with seamless shell structures, GFRP is pasted together in a

Applications – Glass fibre reinforced polymers

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