Versenate Method

➢The versenate, commercial name of disodium
salt of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid

(EDTA).
➢It forms stable and soluble complex with a
large number of metal ions responsible for
hardness.
➢water sample is titrated with a solution of
versenate, calcium and magnesium ions
present in water react with the compound to
form soluble and un-ionizable complex at
about pH 10 thus rendering Ca2+ and Mg2+
inactive.
➢ The end point is detected by Eriochrome Black T
indicator which gives red colour of the presence
of Ca2+ and Mg2+ (ions) due to the formation of
red metal-indicator complexes at pH 10.
➢ Versenate solution forms more stable metal-
EDTA complexes as compared to metal-indicator
complexes.
➢ The versenate first reacts with hardness
producing metal ions present in water.
➢ When they are consumed it reacts with metal
ions released from the less stable metal indicator
which gives rise to its original blue colour at the
end point.
➢The formula of the versenate is:
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA)

➢The above equation can be written as:
➢The metal ions get attached in place of H-

atoms of the carboxylic acid groups, present in
the versenate, forming stable complexes and
not through the carboxylate ions created by
the ionization of Na+ in solution.
➢The metal ions form stable complexes by
replacing H-atoms of the carboxylic acid
groups.
➢Eriochrome Black T (EBT) is a monosodium salt
of an organic dye (NaH2D−).
➢In solution EBT can be represented by the
formula H2D−.
➢When it is added to hard water along with
buffer solution of pH 10, the reaction is:
➢On addition of versenate, the red colour

diminishes and ultimately at the end point
changes from red to sky blue.
Burette:
➢A burette is a glass tube with a tap at one end,
for delivering known volumes of a liquid in
titrations.
➢It is a long, graduated glass tube, with a
stopcock at its lower end and a tapered
capillary tube at the stopcock's outlet or
rubber tube.
Pipette:
➢A pipette is a laboratory tool commonly used
to transport a measured volume of liquid,
often as a media dispenser.
Several sizes of volumetric pipettes

Erlenmeyer or Conical
or Titration Flask:
➢An Erlenmeyer flask,
also known as a conical
flask or a titration flask,
is a type of laboratory
flask which features a
flat bottom, a conical
body and a cylindrical
neck.
Standard or Volumetric
Flask:
➢It is calibrated for exact
measurement of liquids and
solutions.
➢Depending on what amount
of solution you want to
prepare, you can use a
50ml, 125ml, 250ml, 500ml,
or 1000ml volumetric flask.
Beakers:
➢Beakers are simple containers used to hold
samples and reagents as well as for stirring,
mixing, measuring and heating liquids in
a laboratory.
Funnel:
➢It is used to transfer liquids
or fine-grained materials
into containers with small
openings.
➢It is also used for filtration.
Graduated Cylinder:
➢This apparatus is used to
measure a precise volume of
a liquid.
➢It is graduated and every
marking shows the amount
of a reagent.
Wash Bottle:
➢A wash bottle is used to rinse lab glassware
and for sterilization.
Droppers:
➢A dropper with no graduations or markings, is
used to transfer small quantities of liquids.
Test Tubes:
➢Test tubes are handheld tubes are used for
mixing or heating chemicals in a laboratory.
Balance:
➢A balance is used to weigh amounts of
substances to a very high degree of precision.
➢Top loading balance is the most commonly
used type.
Top loading balance

Standard EDTA Solution:
➢Standard EDTA solution used as Titrant (Will
be supplied to you).
➢Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA)
dissolves in water with great difficulty, but its
disodium salt (Versanate) dissolve in water
quickly and completely.
➢It binds the metal ions in water to give stable
chelate complex.
Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) solution
Eriochrome Black T (EBT) Indicator:
➢It is an azo dye used as indicator
in this complexometric titrations.
Structure of Eriochrome Black T

➢ Eriochrome Black T is a monosodium salt of an
organic dye (NaH2D−)
➢ It is blue in colour
Concentrated solution Diluted solution

Eriochrome Black T indicator
➢It turns wine red when it forms a complex
with calcium, magnesium or other metal ions.
Complexed EBT with metal ions (Wine red)

Ammonia Buffer Solution:
➢ Buffer solution (NH4Cl +
NH4OH) is used to maintain
the pH of the solution at 9-
10.
Titration Setup:
Procedure:
➢In this method, when
Eriochrome Black T dye
is added to the hard
water at pH around 10
it gives wine red
coloured unstable
complex with Ca2+ and
Mg2+ ions of the
sample water.
➢It involves four steps:
(i)Preparation of Standard Calcium Chloride
Solution:
➢Weigh out 0.0500 g of CaCO3 and transfer it
into a conical flask.
➢Add 3 ml of dil. HCl (1:1) to dissolve all the
CaCO3 then add distilled water and heat for 5
minutes to remove CO2.
➢Cool and neutralize the excess of acid with
pure dil.
➢Ammonia (1:1) using litmus paper as indicator
which changes from red to blue
➢Transfer the solution into a cleaned 250 ml
standard flask
➢Wash the conical flask 2-3 times with small
portions of distilled water and transfer the
washings to the standard flask and finally
make the volume upto the mark by adding
distilled water.
➢Make it homogeneous by shaking.
(ii) Standarization of
Versenate Solution:
➢EDTA solution in
Burette
➢In a conical flask 50
ml of standard hard
water (CaCl2
solution) + 10 ml
ammonia buffer +
8-10 drops of EBT
Techniques on the use of a pipette
➢Titrate with
versenate
solution till the
colour first
changes from
red to blue
➢End point –
Wine red to
blue
➢Note down the
burette reading
➢Volume of EDTA consumed at the end point –
V1 ml
Red Violet Blue

Colour changes with EBT indicator
➢The summary of titration reaction is given as:
(iii) Estimation of Total Hardness in the Given
Water Sample:
➢Replace Standard hard water with the given
water sample
➢Titration process same as above
➢Volume of EDTA at the end point - V2 ml
(iv) Estimation of Permanent Hardness in the
Given Water Sample:
➢Replace Standard hard water with the boiled
water sample
Boiling of hard water
on hot plate
➢ Volume of EDTA
consumed at the
end point – V3 ml

Versenate Method

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Versenate Method

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➢The versenate, commercial name of disodium

salt of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA)

➢The metal ions get attached in place of H-

➢On addition of versenate, the red colour

Several sizes of volumetric pipettes

Top loading balance

Structure of Eriochrome Black T

Concentrated solution Diluted solution

Complexed EBT with metal ions (Wine red)

Red Violet Blue

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