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Notes For CAPE IT

Data includes raw facts and figures that are unprocessed, unorganized, and discrete. Information processing involves manipulating data to produce useful information. There are two types of information processing: manual and automated. Manual systems involve humans performing all tasks like collecting, collating, analyzing, presenting, and disseminating data. Automated systems use technology like computers to quickly transform raw data into information through input, processing, storage, retrieval, and output. Data and information can be represented in different ways such as characters, strings, numbers, visuals, and audio.

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117 views6 pages

Notes For CAPE IT

Data includes raw facts and figures that are unprocessed, unorganized, and discrete. Information processing involves manipulating data to produce useful information. There are two types of information processing: manual and automated. Manual systems involve humans performing all tasks like collecting, collating, analyzing, presenting, and disseminating data. Automated systems use technology like computers to quickly transform raw data into information through input, processing, storage, retrieval, and output. Data and information can be represented in different ways such as characters, strings, numbers, visuals, and audio.

Uploaded by

renell simon
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Distinguish among data, information and knowledge

Data includes unprocessed, unorganized and discrete

Unprocessed Data: Data is usually raw facts and figures which are meaningless
Unorganized Data: Data is usually in unrelated chunks of facts or figures which are incomplete
Discrete Data: Data is usually separate unrelated chunks of facts and or figure

Explain information processing

Information Processing Information processing may be defined as the manipulation of data to


produce useful information.

There are two types of information processing:


• Manual Information Processing • Automated Information Processing

Manual information system is a system whereby humans are required to perform all the tasks.
In manual information systems, no mechanical or electronic devices are used to perform any
task, all are done manually. Components of manual information processing includes:
• collect – gathering the data
• collate – combining the data gathered
• analyse – examine the data and make it useful
• present – put the data gathered in a useful form in order to gain meaningful output.
• Disseminate – distribute the output

All tasks can be broken down into three stages: input, process and output

An example of a manual information system is a telephone directory. Suppose you have a friend
whose phone number and surname you know but whose address you need to find. Using the
surname and phone number you would have to search through the list of names corresponding
with the friend’s surname and try to match the phone number. Once the phone number has
been found you can read off the address

An automated information processing system is a system that uses information technology tools
and facilities, such as a computer and a printer, to transform raw data into information.
Computerised information systems are much more flexible than manual ones and a lot faster.
With a computerised system you could type in a phone number and, if the number was stored in
the system, the name and address could be provided immediately.
Components of automated information processing includes:
• input (data capture or entry)
• process (for example, analyse, sort, calculate)
• store, retrieve, output (present and disseminate); The major tasks are the same for both a
manual and computerised information system: data entry or capture (input), processing
(process), presentation and distribution (output)

TYPES OF INFORMATION SOURCES:


Ways of representing data and information Data include:

• Character – used to represent letters eg A, or a


• String – used to represent a word eg, man, dog
• Numeric – used to resent numbers eg 0, 1. 9
• Aural (for example, Morse Code, dots and dashes) • Visual (for example, the individual frames
of a movie, fingerprints)

Morse code is a character encoding for transmitting telegraphic information, using standardized
sequences of short and long elements to represent the letters, numerals, punctuation and
special characters of a given message. The short and long elements can be formed by sounds,
marks, or pulses, in on off keying and are commonly known as "dots" and "dashes" or "dits" and
"dahs". Information include:

• Text
• Graphics
• Sound
• Video
• Special purpose notation (mathematical, scientific and musical notation)
• Graphical representation (graphs and chart)
• Tables

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