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Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 6:
Conditional Probability
Mathematics – Grade 10
Quarter 3 – Module 6: Conditional Probability
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Mark Angelo S. Brizo
Editor: Mark Angelo S. Brizo/ Jason E. Thompson
Reviewer:
Management Team:
Josephine L. Fadul – Schools Division Superintendent
Melanie P. Estacio - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Christine C. Bagacay – Chief – Curriculum Implementation Division
Maria Fe D. Sibuan – Education Program Supervisor – Mathematics
Lorna C. Ragos - Education Program Supervisor
Learning Resources Management

Inilimbag sa Pilipinas ng __________________________________________

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Office Address: F. Torres St., Davao City
Telefax: (082) 291-1665; (082) 221-6147
E-mail Address: regionxi@deped.gov.ph * lrms.regionxi@deped.gov.ph
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Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 6:
Conditional Probability
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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home.
Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are
carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide
you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson
prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons
in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing
this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s
assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of
each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We
trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher
are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and
reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based
learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks
on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering
the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before
performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in
answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your
teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

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 L et Us Learn!
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is
here to help you master and able to illustrate different forms of conditional
propositions. The lesson is following the standard sequence of the course.

This module has one lesson:

• Lesson 1 – conditional probability

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. solves problems involving probability.

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 Lesson

1 Conditional Probability

Let Us Try!

Hello! I hope you are having a good day. Before proceeding to the
lesson, try to answer the pre-test below first.

I. PRE-TEST. Encircle the letter of the correct answer for each question. Read
everything carefully!
1. This refers to the measure of the probability of an event A given that
𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴∩𝐵𝐵)
another event B has occurred. In symbols P(B│A) = .
𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴)
a. Conditional Probability
b. Exceptional Probability
c. Independent Probability
d. Mutually Exclusive Event
2. P(A∣B) is equal to?
a. P(A∩B)/Pr(B) b. P(A∩B)/Pr(A)
c. P(A∩B) • Pr(B) d. P(A∩B) • Pr(A)

3. What is the probability of choosing a Spade given the card chosen is

black?
a. 25% b.50% c.75% d. 40%

4. The probability that it is Wednesday and that a student is absent is 0.03.

Since there are 5 school days in a week, the probability that it is Wednesday
is 0.2. What is the probability that a student is absent given that today is
Wednesday?
a. 20% b. 15% c. 13% d. 50%

5. A Grade 10 math teacher gave her class two tests. 25% of the class passed
both tests and 42% of the class passed the first test. What percent of those
who passed the first test also passed the second test?
a. 30% c. 60%
b. 80% d. 40%

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 Let Us Study

Concept

Conditional probability is a measure of the probability of an event

occurring given that another event has occurred.

In the case where events A and B are independent (where event A has no
effect on the probability of event B), the conditional probability of event B
given event A is simply the probability of event B, that is P(B).

If events A and B are dependent, then the probability of the intersection of

A and B (the probability that both events occur) is defined by

P (A and B) = P(A) • P(B|A)

From this definition, the conditional probability, P(B|A) is easily obtained

by dividing by P(A):

𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝐵𝐵) 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵)

𝑃𝑃(B|A) = =
P(A) P(A)
We can use a different conditional probability formula to solve problems.
For two events A and B,

𝑛𝑛(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵)
𝑃𝑃 (B|A) =
𝑛𝑛(𝐴𝐴)

𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝐴𝐴 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝐵𝐵 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒

=
𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜

Example

1. A mathematics teacher gave her class two tests. Twenty five percent of the
class passed both tests and 42% of the class passed the first test. What
percent of those who passed the first test also passed the second test?

Solution: This problem involves a conditional probability since it asks for the
probability that the second test was passed given that the first test was
passed.

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 a. Find 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵). This is the probability of passing both tests.
𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) = 25% = 0.25
b. Find 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴). This is the probability of passing the first test..
𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴) = 42%= 0.42
c. Find 𝑃𝑃(B|A)
𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) 0.25
𝑃𝑃(B|A) = = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟔𝟔 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔%
𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴) 0.42
d. Conclusion
Therefore, sixty percent of those who passed the first test also passed
the second test.

2. A proficiency examination for certain technical skills was given to 100

employees of a manufacturing firm. The breakdown of the examination results
of the employees are shown in the table below.

Male (M) Female (F) Total

Pass (P) 24 36 60

Fail (F) 16 24 40

Total 40 60 100

Question #1. Find the probability that the employee passed the exam, given
that he was a male.

Solution:

a. Find 𝑛𝑛(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵). This is the number of male examinees who passed the
exam.
𝑛𝑛(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) = 24
b. Find 𝑛𝑛(𝐴𝐴). This is the number of male examinees.
𝑛𝑛(𝐴𝐴) = 40
c. Find 𝑃𝑃(B|A)
𝑛𝑛(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) 24 𝟑𝟑
𝑃𝑃(B|A) = = = 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔%
𝑛𝑛(𝐴𝐴) 40 𝟓𝟓
d. Conclusion

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 Therefore, the probability that the employee passed the exam, given that he
was a male is 60%.

Question #2. Find the probability that the employee was a female, given that
a passing grade was received.

Solution:

a. Find 𝑛𝑛(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵). This is the number of female examinees who passed the
exam.
𝑛𝑛(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) = 36
b. Find 𝑛𝑛(𝐴𝐴). This is the number of passers (both male and female).
𝑛𝑛(𝐴𝐴) = 60
c. Find 𝑃𝑃(B|A)
𝑛𝑛(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) 36 𝟑𝟑
𝑃𝑃(B|A) = = = 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔%
𝑛𝑛(𝐴𝐴) 60 𝟓𝟓
d. Conclusion
Therefore, the probability that the employee was a female, given that a
passing grade was received is 60%.

Let Us Practice

TE-LIKELY-VISION

Direction: Two hundred Filipinos who have either ABS-CBD or GMV

television networks were asked whether they were satisfied or dissatisfied
regarding the service offered by these networks. The following table
summarizes their response.

TV Network Satisfied Dissatisfied Total

ABS-CBD 70 25 95

GMV 90 15 105

Total 160 40 200

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1. If one person from the 200 Filipinos is selected at random, determine the
probability that the person was satisfied GIVEN that the person had ABS-
CBD network.

2. Determine the probability that the person was dissatisfied given that
they had GMV network.

3. Determine the probability that the person had ABS-CBD network given
that the person was dissatisfied.

Let Us Practice More

ANG PROBABILI-SYANO

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 In a survey, a sampling of TV viewers was asked if the ABS-CBD network
were to extend a drama series, would they prefer FPJ's Ang Probinsyano
or Make it With You. The results of the survey follow:

FPJ's Ang Make It

Total
Probinsyano with You
Male 110 90 200

Female 85 75 160

Total 195 165 360

If one person who was in the survey is selected at random, find the
probability that:
1. The person select Make It with You, given that the person is female.

2. The person is male, given he preferred FPJ's Ang Probinsyano.

3. The person is female, given he preferred Make It with You.

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 4. The person selected FPJ's Ang Probinsyano, given that the person is
female.

Let Us Remember

For any two events A and B with P(B) > O, the conditional probability of A
given that B has occurred is defined by

𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵)
𝑃𝑃(A|B) =
𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵)
In word problems, conditional probabilities can usually be recognized by
words like "given", "if," or "among" (e.g., in the context of samples). There are,
however, no hard rules, and you must read the problem carefully and pay
attention to the entire context of the problem to determine whether the given
probability represents an ordinary probability (e.g., P(AB)) or a conditional
probability (e.g., P(A|B) or P(B|A)).

Let Us Assess

A SIGN OF CHANCE

Direction: Find the figure that symbolizes one of the weapons of a very
famous Filipino TV series. It also symbolizes the sacrifices and pain of a
Savior. Shade the box that has the answer to the following questions (there
could be duplication):

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1. A survey of students to determine if they had a pierced ear was given.
The results are summarized in the table below.

Pierced Not Pierced Total

Male 36 144 180
Female 288 32 320
Total 324 176 500

If one person is selected at random find the probability that the person
is a Female given that they are pierced. (Write your answer as a reduced
fraction.)
2. (Refer to Question #1) Find the probability that the person is not pierced
given that they are female.

3. A number is selected, at random, from the set {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} . Find:

P(prime | odd).

4. A box contains three blue marbles, five red marbles, and four white
marbles. If one marble is drawn at random, find the probability that it is
blue given that it is not white.

5. A die is tossed. Find P(less than 5| even).

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 Let Us Enhance

Direction: Given the following table, create a problem illustrating conditional

probability and show its solution.

Age Group Brand X Brand Y Total

A (under 30 years old) 6% 34% 40%
B (30 years and older) 9% 51% 60%
Total 15% 85% 100%

Let Us Reflect

Direction: Answer the following questions.

1. What are your step-by-step process in determining the conditional

probability of any situation?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

2. Give 2 examples of situations showing conditional probability.

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

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Let us Try Let Us Remember
1.A 1.
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2. A
9
3. B 2.
1
4. B
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5. C 3.
3
4
4.
Let Us Practice
3
8
1. or 73.7% 5.
14 2
19 3
2.
1
7
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 14.3%
3.
5
8
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 62.5%
Let Us Practice More
1.
15
2.
32
22
3.
39
5
4.
11
17
32
Lesson 1
Answer Keys
 References

Callanta, Melvin, et al. Mathematics Grade 10 Learners. Edited by Maxima

Acelajado. Department of Education, 2015.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Tagum City

Office Address: Energy Park, Apokon, Tagum City, 8100

Telefax: (084) 216-3504

E-mail Address: tagum.city@deped.gov.ph

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