What is Art?

Art is all around us. Some people may think or say that they are not engaged into the field of arts, but it is certain that encounters in art are
inevitable. A student who puts her earphones on and listens to the Kpop playlist stored in her phone while walking through the nooks of her
neighborhood is already immersing herself in the arts. A businesswoman who flicks through the channels of her television and looks for the perfect
TV show to cap off the night or a mother who chooses from her closet the best clothes to wear to go to the market is already engaging in the arts.
Some may not be aware of it, but they are already experiencing or have already experienced the beauty of art. Then again,
art is everywhere and it comes in many different forms.

In spite seeing art in almost every corner of the world, it seems as though it is still not enough. People want to see, hear, feel, and experience
art. This is probably the reason why people keep producing art.

There is always that yearning to see things that are of great beauty and quality. After all, it is human nature to be attracted towards objects
that are noble and lovely.

For man to stay alive, he has used his tools and materials to change his surroundings. He built houses and other structures using his bare
hands. He assembled wooden chairs and tables to support his needs. He utilized fire to soften metals to create other objects. He found ways to
make knives sharper. These actions were for man’s necessities. The earliest definitions of art have something to do with these types of craft.
“ARS” – a craft or specialized form of skill, like carpentry or smithying or surgery.”
 The word “art” comes from the ancient Latin ars which means a “craft or specialized form of skill, like carpentry or smithying or
surgery” (Collingwood, 1938 as cited in Caslib et. al., 2018).
 Art then suggested the capacity to produce an intended result from carefully planned steps or method.
 The concept of art that we know now was different from the concept of art that people had in the ancient times. During the ancient times,
the meaning of art had something to do with building objects solely for necessity or daily use.
 A man is said to be engaged in art when he performs the step-by-step procedure he created for himself to be able to produce the house or
any infrastructure that he has perfectly planned.
ART is “any special form of book-learning, such as grammar or logic, magic or astrology.”
ARTS IN MEDIEVAL LATIN
 Arts in Medieval Latin came to mean something different. It meant “any special form of book-learning, such as grammar or logic, magic or
astrology” (Collingwood, 1938 as cited in Caslib et. al., 2018).
RENAISSANCE PERIOD
 It was only during the Renaissance Period that the word reacquired a meaning that was inherent in its ancient form of craft. Early
renaissance artists saw their activities merely as craftsmanship, devoid of a whole lot of intonations that are attached to the word now.
SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
 It was during the seventeenth century when the problem and idea of aesthetics, the study of beauty, began to unfold distinctly from the
notion of technical workmanship, which was the original conception of the word “art”.
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
 It was finally in the eighteenth century when the word has evolved to distinguish between the fine arts and the useful arts.
 The fine arts would come to mean “not delicate or highly skilled arts, but ‘beautiful’ arts” (Collingwood, 1938 as cited in Caslib et. al., 2018).
This is something more akin to what is now considered art.

“The Galloping Wild Boar” found in the cave of Altamira, Spain

 It was discovered that there were attempts where man did not just create tools for survival but also for expression of his thoughts and
emotions. It is shown in history that man did not only evolve in the physical sense but also in the cultural sense. Then, they were cave
painters. Now, they have come to be so excellent in painting and in all other forms of art.
 As a Spaniard and his daughter were going into a cave in 1879, they saw paintings of a wild boar, hind and bison. These pictures were said
to belong to the Upper Paleolithic Age, according to research.
 These paintings in the cave show that pre-historic men have used their gears not just to survive but to document humankind’s deepest
thoughts, concerns and emotions. These were proofs that man has been expressing himself long before they were aware of how it is to be
human.
 The concept of the ‘humanities’ or man humanizing himself has long existed even before man became conscious of it.
 ASSUMPTIONS OF ART

ART IS UNIVERSAL
 Art has always been timeless and universal, spanning generations and continents through and through.
 In every country and generation, there is always art.
 Age is not a factor in determining art.
 “An art is not good because it is old but old because it is good” (Dudley et. al., 1960 as cited in Caslib et. al., 2018).
 A great piece of work will never be obsolete.
 Art will always be present because human beings will always express themselves.
 “In every age or country, there is always art. Wherever we go, whether it be a city or a province, here or abroad, we surely have to pass
buildings of various sorts – houses, schools, churches, stores and others. Some of them appear attractive and inviting; some do not. We look
at some of them with awe and admiration” (Sanchez et. al., 2012, p. 3).
 As mentioned in the book Introduction to the Humanities by Sanchez et. al. (2012), art is vital in life. Art is comprised one of the earliest and
most vital ways created by man to express himself. In every place man has set his foot on, art was also there as the language imbedded
with emotions and undertones. There is a strong force among humans to produce this language which has also been seen in the ancient
times. This is what makes art UNIVERSAL. (Sanchez et. al., 2012, p. 3)

ART IS NOT NATURE

 Art is man’s expression of his reception of nature. Art is man’s way of interpreting nature.
 What we find in nature should not be expected to be present in art too.
 Movies may be a reinterpretation based on an individual’s subjective experience of nature.
 Artists are not meant to duplicate nature.

ART INVOLVES EXPERIENCE

 Unlike fields of knowledge that involve data, art is known by experiencing. In order to know what an artwork is, we have to sense it, see or
hear it, and see AND hear it.
 “All art depends on experience and if one is to know ART, he must know it not as a fact or information but as EXPERIENCE” (Dudley et. al.,
1960 as cited in Caslib et. al., 2018).
 Every experience with art is accompanied by some emotion.
 Feelings and emotions are concrete proofs that the artwork has been experienced.
THE ROLE OF CREATIVITY IN ART MAKING
(based on Art Appreciation by Caslib Jr., B., Garing, D. C., & Casaul, J. R., 2018, p.13-15)

It takes an artist to make art. Not every beautiful thing that can be seen or experienced may truly be called a work of art. Art is a product of
man’s creativity, imagination, and expression.

Creativity requires thinking outside of the box.

 Creativity is often used to solve problems that have never occurred before, conflate function and style and simply make life a more unique
and enjoyable experience.
 In art, CREATIVITY is what sets apart one artwork from another.

A creative artist does not simply copy or imitate another artist’s work. He embraces ORIGINALITY, puts his own flavor into his work and
calls it his own creative piece.
ART AS EXPRESSION
 Collingwood was cited in Art Appreciation by Caslib Jr., et.al. (2018) and mentioned that what ART does to an emotion is not to induce
it but to express it.
 Expression is needed for an emotion to be known. It is through expression that man is able to explore his emotions while being able to
create something of beauty and quality.
 It is said that expressing emotions is not the same with describing emotions. When an individual says, “I am sad,” he is not expressing his
emotions but describing them.
 As mentioned by Caslib Jr., et.al. (2018), “description actually destroys the idea of expression, as it clarifies the emotion, making it ordinary
and predictable.”

FORMS OF ART
There are numerous ways on how we can express ourselves through art.
 We are all free to express ourselves in the manner that we want to. Artists are not limited to just one type of expression or technique. There
is no specific way to express the self. This is what constitutes art – it is a reflection of what’s inside an individual; a reflection of one’s inner
reality.

Here are the various forms of art:

 Visual Arts
 Film
 Performance Art
 Poetry Performance
 Architecture
 Dance
 Literary Art
 Theater
 Applied Art

Let’s discuss them one by one:

I. VISUAL ARTS

 Creations that appeal to the sense of sight and are mainly visual in nature.
 As Collins & Riley (1931) mentioned, artists produce visual arts driven by their desire to reproduce things that they have seen in the way
that they perceived them (cited in Caslib Jr., et.al., 2018).
 Some mediums of visual arts include paintings, drawings, letterings, printing, sculpture, digital imaging and more.
 
• Visual Art is the art we perceive using our EYES. Architecture is a part of visual arts. (Sanchez et.al., 2012, p. 3-4)
• Visual Arts do not only include painting, sculpture and architecture. It also involves the clothes we wear, the household appliances we
utilize, the fixtures we see inside our houses, universities, churches and in other infrastructures. The visual arts express the ideals, despairs and
distress of the artists at that time their works were created. The ideas of the artists are inherent in their creations.
• Real pleasure can be obtained from the most mundane objects. Art is all around us. It is in everything we hear, see, feel and smell. The
assortment of objects from the functional items to the things produced only for their splendor or aesthetic appeal can be considered as VISUAL
ARTS. (Sanchez et.al., 2012, p. 3-4)
• It is the aesthetic appeal of any creation – a story, poem, dance, sculpture and painting – that constitutes ART.

Visual Arts may be classified into groups:

1. Graphic Arts (flat, or two-dimensional surface)
2. Plastic Arts (three-dimensional)

According to Sanchez et.al., (2012):

 Graphic Arts – this term covers any form of visual artistic representation, especially painting, drawing, photography and the like or in
which portrayals of forms and symbols are recorded on a two-dimensional surface. Printers also use the term graphic arts to describe all
processes and products of the printing industry.

Graphic Arts Definition/Important Points

[definitions taken from Introduction to the
Humanities by Sanchez, C. A., Abad, P. F.,
Jao, L. V., & Sanchez, R. A. (2012).]
1. Painting Process of applying pigment to a surface
to secure effects involving forms and
colors. The mediums for painting include
oils, tempera, watercolor etc. Canvas,
wood, paper and plaster are some surfaces
that are used to paint paintings.
2. Drawing The art of representing something through
lines formed on the surface of representing
an object, scene or forms of decorative or
symbolic significance through lines,
shading, and textures. Pencil, pen, and ink,
 crayon, brush, and charcoal are the
mediums used.
3. Graphic Processes Multi-reproduction methods for the
processing of graphical works. All
processes include preparing a master
image of the drawing or design on some
durable material from which printing is
carried out, such as wood, metal, or stone.
Processes can be categorized according to
the nature of the surface on which the
printing takes place: raised (relief);
depressed (intaglio); or flat (surface,
plane).
4. Commercial Art This involves the design of books, ads,
signs, posters and other displays to enable
the product, service or concept to be sold
or embraced.
5. Mechanical Processes These are produced by commercial
printers in order to reproduce words and
images in one or more colors easily and in
large quantities.
6. Photography This is a chemical-mechanical method by
which images are generated by the action
of light on sensitized surfaces.
Reproductions can be rendered in black or
white or in the original in complete colors.

THE PLASTIC ARTS

[definitions taken from Introduction to the Humanities by Sanchez, C. A., Abad, P. F., Jao, L. V., & Sanchez, R. A. (2012).]

The Plastic Arts – this group includes all fields of the visual arts in which materials are organized into three-dimensional forms.

Plastic Arts Definitions/Important Points

[some definitions were taken from
Introduction to the Humanities by
Sanchez, C. A., Abad, P. F., Jao, L. V., &
Sanchez, R. A. (2012).]
1. ARCHITECTURE
 It is the making of beautiful
buildings.
 Buildings should embody three
important elements: plan,
construction and design. (as
mentioned in Caslib Jr. et. al.,
2018)
According to Sanchez et.al.(2012):
The art of designing and constructing
buildings and other types of structures.
Varied materials used include stone,
concrete, brick, wood, steel, glass, and
plaster.
Architecture is often referred to as the
“mother of the arts” because it houses,
serves as background for, or occurs in
relation to other fields of art such as
painting, sculpture, interior design,
landscape architecture, and city planning.
2. Landscape Architecture Planning outdoor areas, particularly
 gardens, parks, playgrounds and golf
courses, for the purposes of human
enjoyment. Plants, trees, shrubs,
blossoms, vines, and soil cover are the
main materials.
3. City Planning It refers to the planning and coordination
of the physical elements of a large or small
city. Structures and areas concerned with
all phases of living and working are
pleasantly and efficiently systematized and
connected.
4. Interior Design The word is used to designate the design
and arrangement for ease and elegance of
architectural interiors. Backgrounds (walls,
floors, ceilings), furnishings and
accessories are included. Wallpaper
design, furniture, curtains and upholstery
textiles are significant areas of interior
design.
5. Sculpture This relates to the design and creation of
three-dimensional structures that
represent natural objects or forms that are
imaginary (sometimes abstract). Stone,
wood, clay, and metal are common
materials, but there are also ivory, jade,
rope, string, and other materials used.
Statues are referred to as sculptures of
figures.
6. Crafts The word applies to the designing and
creating of items for use or for enjoyment
by hand. This involves areas such as
ceramics, jewellery, leatherwork, and
weaving. They are known as industrial
design when these areas are mass-
produced.
7.Industrial Design This refers to the design of objects for the
machine production. The designs for
automobiles and household appliances are
examples.
1. Dress and Costume Design This involves the creation of clothing of all
sorts, such as skirts, jackets, suits, ties,
and the like.
9. Theater Design Design of settings for dramatic productions

II. FILM
According to Caslib Jr. et.al. (2018) in Art Appreciation:
 Film is the art of putting together successions of still images in order to create an illusion of movement.
 The art of filmmaking is so complex it has to take into account many important elements such as lighting, musical score, visual effects,
direction and more.

III. PERFORMANCE ART

 is a live art
 According to Caslib Jr. et.al. (2012), “the artist’s medium is mainly the human body which he or she uses to perform but also uses other
kinds of art such as visual art, props or sound.”
  It usually consists of four important elements:
1. Time
2. Where the performance took place
3. The performer/performer’s body
4. Relationship between the audience and the performers

IV. POETRY PERFORMANCE

 is an art form where the artist expresses his emotions through the use of words. These words are chosen carefully to exhibit clarity and
beauty and to stimulate various emotions such as joy, anger, love, sorrow and the list goes on.
 These words, combined with movements, tone, volume and intensity of delivery add to the artistic value of the poem. (Caslib Jr. et.al.,
2018)

V. DANCE
 is a series of movements that follows the rhythm of the music accompaniment.
 Dancing usually has no rules – it is a creative form that allows people to freely express themselves.
 Dancers are not confined to set steps and rules but are free to create and invent their own movements as long as they deem them graceful
and beautiful. (Caslib Jr. et.al., 2018)

 As mentioned by Sanchez et.al. (2012) in the book Introduction to Humanities, the dance of the ancient times is different from what is now
known; the dance of the barrio folks is different from the dances in the city.
 The Ifugaos dance to celebrate the victory of the warriors after a fight with their enemies.
 The Bagobos dance to show gratitude the spirits “for success in war or domestic affair.”
 The Indians dance to give thanks for a harvest;
 The Mexicans dance to celebrate a religious festival;
 Teenagers dance at parties; both young and old go to disco bars; and children everywhere dance because it pleasurable to express
happiness through bodily movements.
 In its expressive aspects, dance is uniquely able to intensify moods and emotions and to deepen and dignify the feelings of us all
(Compton’s Encyclopedia, 1974 as cited in the book Introduction to Humanities by Sanchez et.al., 2012).

 Dance involves the movement of the body and the feet in rhythm. Some important types include:
Important Types of Dance Definition/Important Points
[some definitions were taken from
Introduction to the Humanities by
Sanchez, C. A., Abad, P. F., Jao, L. V., &
Sanchez, R. A. (2012),p.14-15]

1. Ethnologic This involves folk dancing affiliated with

cultural and national groups.
2. Social or Popular types of dancing generally
Ballroom performed by pairs.
Dances They include such forms as waltz, foxtrot,
rhumba, and tango.
3. Ballet The formalized style of dance that
originated in the medieval royal courts.
Either solo or concerted dances with
mimetic acts accompanied by music may
be ballet dances. In general, these are
constructed around a theme or plot.
4. Modern These are often referred to as modern or
interpretative dances.
Rebellion against classical ballet formalism
is expressed by these dances: they
emphasize personal communication of
moods and themes.
In the past, there were normal and
untrained gestures. There are various
types of movements nowadays, typically
 based on the latest trend.
5. Musical There are dances performed in theaters by
Comedy soloists, groups, choruses, night clubs,
motion pictures, and TV. It incorporates
ballet, modern, tap, and acrobatics in
different ways.

VI. LITERARY ART

According to Caslib Jr. et.al. (2018) in Art Appreciation:
 Artists who practice literary arts use words -- not paint or musical instruments to express themselves and communicate emotions to the
readers.
 Simply becoming a writer does not make one a literary artist.
 Simply constructing a succession of sentences in a meaningful manner is not literary art.
 Literary Art goes beyond the usual professional, academic, journalistic and other technical forms of writing.
 It focuses on writing using a unique style, not following a specific format or norm.
 It may include both fiction and non-fiction such as novels, biographies and poems.
As mentioned in the book Introduction to Humanities by Sanchez et.al. (2012), literature is the art of combining spoken or written words and their
meanings into forms which have artistic and emotional appeal.

Literature Definitions/Important Points

[some definitions were taken from
Introduction to the Humanities by
Sanchez, C. A., Abad, P. F., Jao, L. V., &
Sanchez, R. A. (2012), p.12]
1. Drama A tale that was recreated in front of an
audience by actors on stage. Some of the
most prevalent forms of drama include
tragedy, melodrama and comedy.
2. Essay This is nonfiction, expository writing that
ranges from casual, personal subjects to
objective treatments of significant subjects
that are closely reasoned.
3. Prose fiction This includes narratives (stories), as
distinguished from true accounts,
generated by the author. The term fiction
comes from the Latin word that means "to
form," "to invent," or "to feign."
Traditionally, fiction is split into types of
novel, novelette, and short story. A novel
or short story defines the characters and
incidents that have been invented by the
author.
4. Poetry Highly expressive literature that uses
unique forms and the choice of words and
emotional images. Poetry, like epics,
romances, and ballads, is narrative
(storytelling). The sonnet, ode, elegy and
song are among the lyric forms.
5. Miscellaneous History, biography, letters, journals,
diaries, and other works not formally
classed as literature often have definitive
literary appeal and status due to the high
quality of the writing.
 VII. THEATER
According to Caslib Jr. et.al. (2018) in Art Appreciation:
 This art form uses live performers to present accounts or imaginary events before a live audience.
 Theater art performances usually follow a script, though they should not be confused with literary arts.
 Similar to performance art, since theater is also a live performance, the participation of the viewer is an important element in theater arts.
Some genres of theater include drama, musical, tragedy, comedy and improvisation.

VIII. APPLIED ARTS

According to Caslib Jr. et.al. (2018) in Art Appreciation:
 is incorporating elements of style and design to everyday items with the aim of increasing their aesthetical value.
 Artists in this field bring beauty, charm and comfort into many things that are useful in everyday life (Collins & Riley, 1931).
 Industrial design, interior design, fashion design and graphic design are considered applied arts.
 Through exploration and expression of ideas, consideration of the needs and careful choice of materials and techniques, artists are able to
combine functionality and style.

LINE
• The line is a human invention.
• On a flat surface, the artist uses lines to emulate or represent objects and
figures.
• Lines possess a variety of characteristics that artists exploit. They can be
brief or lengthy, fine or dense, heavy or light, wavy or jagged, straight or
waved. They are frequently used to denote shapes.
• They impart a sense of solidity or give the illusion of volume, as well as a
rough or smooth texture.
• A painter employs lines to evoke the gentle flow of a river, the majestic
swaying of trees, or the sharpness of cliffs.
Horizontal Line - It conveys an impression of tranquillity and perfect stability because it is associated with reclining forms in nature,
such as a sleeping person or the horizon.
Vertical Line - A vertical line appears to be stable and poised, just like an upright tree is seen as strong
Diagonal Line - This implies action. A man who is running bends forward assumes a diagonal position. An artist can convey a feeling of
restlessness, certainty and movement through the direction of diagonal lines, which is about to fall.
Curved Line-The curved line results when there is a gradual change of direction, because it is gradual. When you see this fluidity in the
curves of a woman, the rounded petals of flowers and a crescent lunar form it shows fluidity.
Circular Line-The abrupt change of direction There is abruptness with the circular line which adds tension and a sense of disorder,
confusion, or conflict to the
SHAPE
• Shapes can be used to synthesize complex concepts.
• Shapes may be natural, abstract, non-objective, or geometric.
• Natural shapes are those that occur naturally in nature, such as the shapes of
men and animals on trees. They can either be interpreted realistically or
distortedly.
• Abstract shapes are created after the artist has extracted the essence of the
original object and made it the subject of his work.
• • Non-objective shapes rarely bear any resemblance to recognizable objects, but
frequently do.
Shape in Painting-A shape is a defined area on a flat surface that is bounded by a line. It distinguishes itself from the surface through a
contrast in color, value, texture, or a combination of these. Seeing texture is one way to improve our ability to recognize shapes.
Shapes can create the illusion of weight; with the use of lines and color, realistic painters can create the illusion of threedimensional
objects.
Shape in Sculpture - Sculpture is three-dimensional; forms are classified according to their mass or volume. Mass is described as
matter that possesses both weight and solidity. It is capable of being raised, moved, or viewed in three dimensions. When a mass is
shaped in such a way that it takes on a distinct form, it is said to have volume. Sculpture may have a plane surface, such as that of a
solid, a pyramid, a cube, or a prism: Cylinders and cores have singledirection curved surfaces and are cold single-direction curved
surfaces. A warped surface is one that bends in several directions such that no two directions are parallel to one another. Due to the
fact that double curved surfaces are curved in all directions, it is incredibly difficult to cut them.
Shape in architecture - A home, a church, or an office building all have their own distinct shapes that are formed by their walls and
roofs. The components that make up each building and other structure vary according to the materials and method of construction
used
TEXTURE
Texture refers to the feel or tactile consistency of an object's surface,
whether it is rough or smooth, grooved or ridged, amusing or silly.
- Primarily, texture is achieved by using the physical properties of the
materials. He can sculpt in any texture. if the material is soft, then the
artist will manipulate or force it until it forms to the desired shape, and
leave his marks on the surface He will make it look cleaner.
COLOR
What is color?
Color is produced by a light source, and can be seen directly or as reflected light.
Daylight, or white light, includes all colors of light waves. There is no color in the
absence of sun! The absence of light is referred to as total darkness or
blackness. White light is the sum of all visible light. All the shades of the rainbow
are contained in white light. As light passes through water droplets in the air,
they behave similarly to prisms. It sorts randomly colored light waves according
to their wave length. We refer to this well-ordered pattern as a rainbow. The
Color Spectrum is a set of colors that are all in the same order. When arranged
in a circle, the colorspectrum is referred to as a Color Wheel.
In the world of art, the main colors are red, yellow, and blue. They are classified as primary colors because they cannot be created by
combining other colors, but can be combined to create the majority of other colors. Additionally, black and white can be used to
produce additional colors. Secondary Colors
Green, Orange, and Violet (or Purple) are secondary colors They are the colors
produced by combining two primary colors in similar proportions.
Intermediate Colors
Intermediate colors are created by combining one of a primary color's two
neighboring secondary colors. The term "adjacent color" refers to a color that is
adjacent to another in the color spectrum. Another way to note this is to
combine a primary color with just one of the secondary colors. Since yellow is
used to create the secondary colors green and orange, the only colors that can
be combined with yellow are green and orange. Each primary color was
represented by two secondary colors that could be combined to create an
intermediate color
Properties of Color
1. HUE is the term used to describe a pure color, such as red, blue, or yellow.
2. VALUE: Value is the degree to which a hue is light or dark (color). By adding
black or white, the color of a hue may be altered. Tints are the lightest values of
colors. Shades are darker values of colors.
3. INTENSITY: Intensity refers to a hue's brightness or dullness (color). Pure
hues are vibrant colors. Dull hues are shades with a low strength. The intensity
of a color can be altered by changing the amount of its complementary color added. For instance, a small amount of red can be applied
to a bright green to dull it down.
Warm colors: Warm colors are colors that remind us of things that are warm:
they are red, yellow and orange.
Cool colors: Cool colors remind us of things we associate with cold or coolness.
they are blue, violet and green
VALUE
In the language of art, the word "value" refers to the "value" of light. The
greater the amount of light, the greater the worth. The highest or lightest value
is white. By contrast, black is the smallest or darkest value. Colors, too, have
intrinsic value. Yellow, for example, has a high (light) value, while violet has a
low (dark) value (dark).
The gray scale best illustrates value, with black representing the lowest or
darkest value and white representing the highest or lightest value. Or, to put it
another way, they are the different shades of grey that exist between white and
black. They are used by artists to illuminate and shade (shade) objects and to
add dimension to their paintings or drawings.
Colors may also have intrinsic meaning. Value improvements can be
accomplished in painting by applying either black or white to the chosen color.
Certain colors, such as yellow and orange, have a naturally low value.
The perception of depth is created by value.
Value is a critical tool for implying roundness or depth. It contributes to the
illusion of depth within by making an object appear three-dimensional or a
landscape recede into the distance. Elements with light values appear to be
farther away, whereas those with dark values appear to be similar.
Therefore, why is value critical?
Value is critical in drawing and painting because it is through value changes that
contrast is created. Contrast is needed to aid in the perception and
comprehension of a two-dimensional work of art.
Contrasts in value may also add significance to artworks. Since our eyes are
naturally attracted to places of high contrast, artists use this to convey their
message.
SPACE
The term "space" refers to the area contained within, surrounding, above, or
beneath an entity or group of objects. It is critical for both the development and
comprehension of two-dimensional and three-dimensional works of art. With
three-dimensional art, both the space that objects occupy and the space
surrounding them are actual. This is most emphatically not the case in twodimensional art. Since two-dimensional art occurs on a flat surface,
something
that appears three-dimensional is an illusion. Also the most lifelike paintings and
images are deceptive. Two-dimensional artists employ a variety of "tricks" to give
their work the appearance of depth.
Within art, two distinct forms of space exist: positive and negative space.
Positive space encompasses the objects or forms contained within an artwork,
while negative space encompasses the space around and between such objects.
Utilizing Rubin's vase is an excellent way to show positive and negative space.
As you can see, the vase occupies what is known as positive space, while the
space around it is considered negative space. Take note of how the negative
space creates silhouettes of two portrayed faces.
Positive Space
Positive space is the region or portion of a composition that is occupied by an
object or subject. It is usually the focal point of the painting, whether it is a vase
of flowers, fruit, or a candle in a still life, a person's face in a portrait, an animal in
a wild life painting, or a house, trees, or hills in a landscape. When used
effectively, positive space adds interest to a composition by reinforcing and
balancing the negative space.
Negative Space
Negative space is the space that surrounds an object that is empty or open. It
aids in the definition of the object, provides breathing space for the painting to
avoid being too crowded, and has a significant effect on how the art piece is
viewed.
FORM
The term "form" refers to the shape of an entity. The distinction is that the word
"form" is used to refer to three-dimensional art rather than two-dimensional
forms. Duration, breadth, and depth are the three dimensions.
Geometric Forms
This is the case for geometric forms. Geometric shapes are denoted
mathematically. They are three-dimensional (3D) structures rather than twodimensional (2D) objects that include cubes, cylinders, cones, and
spheres. They
are often the form on which man-made structures are built.
Free-form or Organic Forms
Organic forms are unusual and are found in the majority of objects in nature.
Cloud patterns, mountains, trees, and bushes all exhibit a degree of spontaneity. Animals, and also humans, are much more free-form, since their
shapes are continuously evolving.
Three-Dimensional (3D) Media
Sculpture is the most commonly used term to refer to art created in three
dimensions. By the way, media (plural) or medium (singular) refers to the
substance used to create art. The following are some of the most frequently
used media for 3D modeling.