Lepcha Tribe of Sikkim

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A tribe is a group of people who live and work together in a

shared geographical area. A tribe has a common culture, dialect


and religion. They also have a strong sense of unity. The tribe is
usually headed by a chief. A tribal society is a group of tribes
organized around kinships. Tribes represent a part in social
evolution between bands and nations.
A tribe can be a collection of families or of families and individual
people living together. A tribe usually divides up the jobs that
need to be done among themselves. Most tribes have special
customs or traditions. Humans lived in tribes before they started
living in cities and nations. There are still tribal groups all over
the world. Their numbers are getting smaller and smaller. Many
live as hunter-gatherers. The tribes in India are called by the
collective term ‘Adivasis.’ Some popular tribes are Bhils of
Udaipur, Lepchas of Sikkim, Mundas, Gondas, Toto, Bodo , etc.
Lepchas are the original inhabitants of Sikkim, formerly an
independent kingdom situated in the Himalayas between Nepal
and Bhutan. They number about 46,000 (11,000 in India; 25,000 in
Sikkim; and 10,000 in Bhutan). The Lepcha people themselves do
not have any tradition of migration, and hence they conclude that
they are autochthonous to the region. Lepcha is the name given to
this group by their Nepali neighbors and is interpreted by some
as a derogatory word meaning "nonsense talkers." They call
themselves Rong. Originally Lepchas were the nature worshiper
and had belief in witch-craftship and spirits. the Lepchas of
Sikkim were dominated by the Bhutias, the Nepalese, and later
the British. In 1950, although it remained independent under its
ruling chogyal (king), Sikkim became a protectorate of India.
Following a plebiscite in which Hindu immigrants from India
made the difference in the voting, Sikkim became the twenty-
second state of the Indian union in 1975
Clothing: The traditional clothing for Lepcha women is
the ankle-length dumbun, also called dumdyám or
gādā. It is one large piece of smooth cotton or silk,
usually of a solid color. When it is worn, it is folded
over one shoulder, pinned at the other shoulder, and
held in place by a waistband, or tago, over which
excess material drapes. A contrasting long-sleeved
blouse may be worn underneath. The traditional
Lepcha clothing for men is the dumprá. It is a
multicolored, hand-woven cloth pinned at one
shoulder and held in place by a waistband, usually
worn over white shirt and trousers. Men wear a flat
round cap called a thyáktuk, with stiff black velvet
sides and a multicolored top topped by a knot. Rarely,
the traditional cone-shaped bamboo and rattan hats
are worn.
Art, crafts, and music: The Lepchas are known for their unique
weaving and basketry skills.
The Lepcha have a rich tradition of dances, songs, and
folktales. The popular Lepcha folk dances are Zo-Mal-Lok,
Chu-Faat, Tendong Lo Rum Faat and Kinchum-Chu-Bomsa.
Musical instruments used are Sanga (drum), Yangjey (string
instrument), Cymbal, Yarka, Flute and Tungbuk. One popular
instrument used by the Lepchas is a four-string lute that is
played with a bow.
Food and Drinks: Lepcha cuisine mostly comprises of meat, fresh
greens, yams, tubers, gruels, broths, and grains such as rice,
buckwheat, and maize. Boiled yams and tubers are consumed on a
seasonal basis mainly as an evening snack. Pancakes made of
buckwheat with a filling of wild spinach or meat is highly
celebrated. However, rice, broths made from nettle and a portion
of meat is a staple among them. Besides, they are well-versed in
making a variety of tipples using different methods. These include
brews made of peach, pear, jackfruit, gooseberries among others.
The most iconic drink, however, is chi which is made by
fermenting finger millet and is consumed by adding warm water
to it from time to time and is enjoyed by both men and women.
Making sustainable choices in real practice is the Lepcha way
of living. The day-to-day utility items used and made by them
are eco-friendly and are made of bamboo, wood, corn silks,
stone among others. From bamboo jars and pipes through
which their local grog- Chi is consumed to the humble hat,
everything is made of bamboo. We should also adopt it and
make our utility items ecofriendly.
The material culture of the Lepchas is a quintessential of
sustainable living considering how they have beautifully
adapted the environment they live in and the traditional
knowledge that has been passed down to them for generations.
From stories related to the origin of the ethnic community to
the death of an individual and everything in between -
revolves around the mountains, rivers, and lakes that they are
surrounded with. The Lepchas have been hosting national and
international guests in their pristine abode, Dzongu, since
2008.
Thank You
Made By: Gloria Mary Rajji

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