Course "EEM 42 Three-Phase Asynchronous Machines: Dahlander Motors"

Course
"EEM 42 Three-phase asynchronous machines: Dahlander

motors"
Picture source: SEW Eurodrive
SH5002-1H Version 2.1
Author: M.Germeroth
Lucas-Nülle GmbH · Siemensstraße 2 · D-50170 Kerpen (Sindorf)

Phone: +49 2273 567-0
www.lucas-nuelle.de
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Copyright © 2008 LUCAS-NÜLLE GmbH.

All rights reserved.
LUCAS-NÜLLE Lehr- und Messgeräte GmbH

Siemensstraße 2 D-50170 Kerpen
EEM42 Three-phase asynchronous machines
Training objectives 1
Equipment - 300W Classic Series 2
Safety 3
Asynchronous motor, Dahlander circuit 5
Connection and starting 7
Rotation reversal 15
Load characteristic 21
Copyright 31
Training objectives
Welcome to the three-phase asynchronous machines course. The

LUCAS-NÜLLE team wishes you lots of fun and success in working
through the course subjects and conducting the experiments. The
following pages provide an overview of the topics and required materials.
This course is intended to impart a practical knowledge of three-phase

asynchronous machines.
Experiments focus on investigating the functionality, response and effect of three-
phase asynchronous motors with polarity reversal according to Dahlander .
Training objectives
 Motor operation
 Nominal data, rating plate
 Delta connection, double-star connection
 Dahlander pole reversal
 Measurement of phase-to-phase and line-to-linevariables
 Rotation reversal
 Power measurement with and without mechanical loads
Prerequisites
 Fundamentals of electrical machines
 Fundamentals of electrical engineering
 Use of measuring equipment
1
Equipment - 300W Classic Series
SO3636-6V servo drive/servo brake, 300 W 1

SE2662-2A Coupling sleeve, 300 W 1
SE2667-2B Coupling guard, 300 W 1
Three-phase motor with squirrel cage rotor,
SE2672-3K 1
300 W
SO3212-5U Power supply for electrical machines 1
SO3212-2H Dahlander pole reverser 1
Analog/digital multimeter, wattmeter, power-
SO5127-1Z 1
factor meter
SO5148-1F Set of 47 safety connecting leads, 4 mm 1
SO5126-9X Safety connection plug, 19/4 mm 15
SO5126-9Z Safety connection plug, 19/4 mm, with tap 5
2
Safety
Basic safety instructions
In all experiments using mains voltages, high, life-threatening voltages arise. For
that reason use only safety measurement leads and make sure that there are no
short-circuits.
It is imperative that all of the devices, which are provided with an earth or where
earthing is possible, must be earthed. This is particularly the case for the frequency
converter being used.
Always be very careful to check the wiring of the application modules and only
switch on the mains voltage after a check has been completed. Whenever possible
use a robust current monitoring instrument in the circuit..
Always use shaft-end guards and coupling guards as protection against contact with
rotating motor parts.
All locally applicable stipulations and standards governing how electrical equipment
is handled must be complied with.
3
Safety
General instructions on handling the equipment

 Check that the knurled screws at the base of the motor and the coupling
sleeves (power grip) on the motor shaft are all securely fastened.
 Use shaft and coupling guards.
 Any prolonged running of the machines when operating under high loads can
subject the machines to excessive heating.
 The extreme case of the machine being prevented from rotating entirely may
only arise briefly.
 All of the machines are equipped with a thermal circuit-breaker, which triggers
when the maximum permissible operating temperature is exceeded. These
switching contacts are accessible on the terminal board and must always be
connected to the corresponding connection sockets of the mains supply and
control unit.
 All measurements have been recorded using conventional measuring
instruments (primarily class 1.5) at the standard mains voltage (230/400V +5%
-10% 50Hz) using standard production machines. Experience suggests that
measurements will lie within the tolerance range of +/-15% with respect to the
specified measurement. For more information on this please refer to
VDE0530.
4
Asynchronous motor, Dahlander circuit

The following exercises involving an asynchronous motor and Dahlander
circuit are conducted on the next few pages:
 Connection and starting

 Rotation reversal
 Load characteristic
5
6
Training content: "Connection and starting"

 Identify the terminal connections of the motor and operate the
motor as a three-phase asynchronous motor on a three-phase
mains network
 Utilise the nominal data of the motor based on the rating plate
 Measure the phase voltage and phase current
 Put the motor into operation with a Dahlander pole reverser
 Identify the differences between delta and double star
connections
 Understand the function of a pole reverser
 Put the motor into operation with the brake
 Subject the motor to load
Enter the nominal data for the asynchronous machine

Nominal power (delta) ____W
Nominal power (doublestar) ____W
Nominal voltage ____V

IN delta ____A
IN double star ____A
cos φ (delta) ____
cos φ (double star) ____
Rated speed (delta) ____rpm
Rated speed (double star) ____rpm
Frequency ____Hz
7
Assembly instructions: "Connection and starting"
 Assemble the circuits as specified in the following circuit diagram and

set-up instructions
 Switch on the brake. This does not yet subject the motor to any load
Additional More detailed information on the brake can be found in the

corresponding online documentation
Circuit diagram: "Connection & starting"
8
Set-up: "Connection & starting"
Starting asynchronous motor with switch in position 1
Required settings:
 Brake mode: Torque control
Experiment procedure:
 Put the motor into operation and observe its response

 Brake the motor down to its nominal speed
 At the same time measure the phase variables Uphase and Iphase
Make sure that the ammeter and voltmeters have been connected properly
9
Specify the type of connection.




 Star connection
 Delta connection




 Double star connection




What do you measure the torque to be with the switch on setting 1?

M= ____Nm
What do you measure the phase variables Uphase and Iphase to be?
Uphase= ____V
Iphase= ____A
Starting asynchronous motor with switch in position 2
Required settings:
 Brake mode: Torque control
 Put the motor into operation and observe its response

 Brake the motor down to its nominal speed
 Measure the phase variables Uphase and Iphase
Make sure that the ammeter and voltmeters have been connected properly
10
Specify the type ofconnection.




 Star connection
 Steinmetz connection




 Double star connection




What do you measure the torque to be with the switch on setting 2?

M= ____Nm
What do you measure the phase variables Uphase and Iphase to be?
Uphase= ____V
Iphase= ____A
11
Record a load characteristic for both switch positions
Required settings:
 Brake mode: Speed control
 Record a load characteristic in each case (switch positions 1 & 2) for delta and
double star connections.
 Brake the motor to the speeds stipulated in the table.
 Enter the measured values (M, Iphase) in the tables.
Table 1 (Switch position 1)
n/(1/min) 1400 1320 1240 1160 1080 1000

M/Nm
I/A
3.00 5.0
I/A
M/Nm
2.75 4.5
2.50
4.0
2.25
3.5
2.00
1.75 3.0
1.50 2.5
1.25 2.0
1.00
1.5
0.75
1.0
0.50
0.25 0.5
0.00 0.0
1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500
n/(1/min)
12
Table 2 (Switch position 2)
n/(1/min) 2800 2640 2480 2320 2160 2000

M/Nm
I/A
3.00 4.0
I/A
M/Nm
2.75
3.5
2.50
2.25 3.0
2.00
2.5
1.75
1.50 2.0
1.25
1.5
1.00
0.75 1.0
0.50
0.5
0.25
0.00 0.0
2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900
n/(1/min)
Record load characteristics for both switch positions with the

ActiveDrive/SimuLoad software
Required settings:
 Brake:
 PC mode
13
 Start the ActiveDrive/ActiveServo software.

 Select speed control operating mode.
 The motor is to be braked in 20 steps till it stops. ( Note: in
ActiveDrive/ActiveServo, enter the required number of steps under "Presets" -
> "Default" -> "Ramp".)
 The asynchronous motor's load characteristics are to be recorded for delta
and double star connections.
 Start with a delta connection.
 Both load characteristics are to be recorded on one graph.
 Label and scale the graph as indicated by the placeholder.
 The following parameters are to be recorded:
 Torque M
(n)
 Mechanical power P
2(n)
 After measurement is complete, export the resultant graph and copy it into the
placeholder below.
 Save the settings for the ActiveDrive/ActiveServo software for future
experiments in a file named "eem42_LoadCharacteristic".
Placeholder for load characteristic

(delta and double-star connection)
14
Training content: Rotation reversal

 Identify the difference between clockwise and anti-clockwise
rotation
 Start the motor in both rotation directions
Definition of rotation direction

If you look at the drive shaft end of the asynchronous machine from the perspective
of the working machine (in our case the brake), the rotating direction is positive
when it is clockwise. If the motor has two workable shaft ends, then it is the shaft
end opposite the cooling vents, collector or slip-rings that is the shaft end which
defines the rotation direction.
15
Assembly instructions: Rotation reversal
 Assemble the circuits as specified in the circuit diagrams and set-up

instructions below.
 Switch on the brake. This does not yet subject the motor to any load.
More detailed information on the brake can be found in the corresponding online
documentation
Circuit diagram: Rotation reversal
16
Set-up: Rotation reversal
Rotation reversal
 Switch on the motor and observe it.
In which direction does the motor turn?




 The motor turns clockwise.




 The motor turns anti-clockwise.
17
 Switch off the motor and change its wiring as shown in the diagram below.
 Start the motor again and observe it.
Circuit diagram: Rotation reversal
18
In which direction does the motor turn?




 The motor turns clockwise.
 The motor turns anti-clockwise.




How can a three-phase asynchronous machine's direction of rotation be

changed?




 By exchanging any two phases.
 Simply by exchanging L2 & L3




19
20
Training content: Load characteristics

 Simulate various loads (load machines) with the
ActiveDrive/ActiveServo software
 Set parameters using the software with load-specific values (load
constant and moment)
 Record and evaluate characteristics for various operating points
 Determine the motor's response to different loads
Assembly instructions: "Load charactacteristics"

 Assemble the circuits as specified in the following circuit diagram and
set-up instructions
 Switch on the brake. This does not yet subject the motor to any load
Additional More detailed information on the brake can be found in the

corresponding online documentation.
21
Circuit diagram: Load characteristic
22
Set-up: Load characteristic
23
Record the load characteristic with various simulated loads useing

the ActiveDrive/ActiveServo software
Record characteristic in double-star/delta mode with a pump/fan load.
Required settings:
 Brake:
 PC mode
 The settings stipulated below should then be made for the ActiveDrive and
SimuLoad software.
 Load machine: Pump/fan
 Load constant: refer to the experiment procedure.
 Under "View" => "Measured Value Display", select all mechanical and
electrical variables except for slip.
 Start the "ActiveDrive / ActiveServo" software and initially open the file
"eem42_load characteristic" (see "connection and starting")
 Then carry out the required settings
 The following parameters are to be recorded in this measurement:
 torque M
(n)
 Switch the motor on directly using Stage 1 in the second step (double star
configuration)
 Start the measurement and slowly increase the load constant "l" until the line
current I/A shown in the parameter dialog corresponds to the value of IN-
double star.
 Now store the first operating point
 Now switch back to Stage 1 (delta) and wait a brief moment. Now store the
second operating point.
 Now after completing the measurement export the diagram into the
appropriate place holder reserved for it below
 Now store the settings under the file name "eem42_pump-fan"
More information on the pump/fan load machine and definition of the constant I
can be found in the online documentation for the ActiveDrive/ActiveServo software.
24
Placeholder for pump/fan load characteristic

(delta and double-star connection)
Enter the measured values for the double star operating point
M= ____Nm
n= min-1
P2 = ____W
P1 = ____W
η= ____%
S= ____VA
Q= ____Var
cos φ = ____
U= ____V
I= ____A
25
Enter the measured values of the delta operating point

M= ____Nm
n= min-1
P2 = ____W
P1 = ____W
η= ____%
S= ____VA
Q= ____Var
cos φ = ____
U= ____V
I= ____A
How would you describe the load characteristic for the pump/fan?




 Linear
 Quadratic




 Cubic




Assume that instead of stage 1, you had set the load constant I to stage 2
corresponding to the motor's power rating. Would the mechanical output then
have been larger, equal or smaller?




 Larger
 Equal




 Smaller




26
Record characteristic in star/delta starting mode with a lifting drive as the load
machine
Required settings:
 Brake:
 Industrial series: PC mode
 Make the settings stipulated below for the ActiveDrive and ActiveServo
software.
 Load machine: Lifting drive
 Load moment: refer to the experiment procedure.
 Under "View" => "Measured Value Display", select all mechanical and
electrical variables except for slip.
 Start the software and begin by opening the file

"eem42_loadcharacteristic" (see "conneciton and starting")
 Then carry out the required settings
 The following parameter(s) are to be recorded during this measurement:
 torque M(n)
 Switch the motor on directly through Stage 1 to the second stage (double star
connection)
 Start the measurement and slowly increase the load torque "Nm" until line
current I/A shown in the parameter dialog corresponds to the value of IN-
double star.
 Now store the first operating point
 Now switch back to stage 1 (delta) and wait a brief moment. Now store the
second operating point.
 After successful measurement export the diagram created and place it in the
appropriate placeholder below
 Store teh settings under the file name "eem42_liftingdrive"
More information on the lifting drive load machine and load moment definition can
be found in the (online) documentation for the ActiveDrive/ActiveServo software.
27
Placeholder for lifting drive load characteristic

(delta and double star connection)
Enter the measured values of the double star operating point

M= ____Nm
n= min-1
P2 = ____W
P1 = ____W
η= ____%
S= ____VA
Q= ____Var
cos φ = ____
U= ____V
I= ____A
28
Enter the measured values of the delta operating point

M= ____Nm
n= min-1
P2 = ____W
P1 = ____W
η= ____%
S= ____VA
Q= ____Var
cos φ = ____
U= ____V
I= ____A
What does a comparison between the values of P2 measured at the two

operating points reveal?




 P2 remains constant.
More than one
 P2 almost doubles.




answer may
 P2 only depends on the speed.



 be correct.
 P2 depends on both speed and load moment.




Using the formulae below, calculate the ratios (x1 & x2) between the torques
measured at operating points 1 and 2 for the two load machines.
29
Specify the calculated torque ratios "x1" and "x2".

x1= ____
x2= ____
Compare the torque ratios for both load machines. Which statements are
correct?




 The ratios are nearly identical.





The torque ratio of the lifting drive load machine is 1,
because the load moment is identical at both
operating points. More than one
answer may




 The torque ratio of the pump/fan load machine is be correct.
based on the relationship M ~ n 2, or M2/M1~(n2/n1)2




 The torque ratio of the pump/fan load machine is
based on the relationship M ~ n 3, or M3/M1~(n2/n1)3
30
Copyright
Congratulations!
This is the last page. You have completed the course "EEM42 Three-
phase asynchronous machines: Dahlander motors".
Copyright © 2004-2008 LUCAS-NÜLLE GmbH.
This course "EEM 42 Three-phase asynchronous machines: Dahlander

motors" is protected by copyright. All rights pertaining thereto are reserved. Any
reproduction of the document as a file or in written form be it photocopy, microfilm or
any other method or conversion into a machine-compatible language, in particular
for data processing systems, without the expressed written approval of the LUCAS-
NÜLLE GmbH is strictly forbidden.
The software as described above is made available on the basis of a general

licensing agreement or in the form of a single license. The use or reproduction of the
software is only permitted in strict compliance with the contractual terms stated
therein.
If changes have been performed in a manner which was not strictly authorised by
the LUCAS-NÜLLE GmbH, any product liability or warranty claims pertaining thereto
are null and void.
31
16
Lucas-Nülle Lehr- und Meßgeräte GmbH

Siemensstraße 2 · D-50170 Kerpen-Sindorf
Telefon +49 2273 567-0 · Fax +49 2273 567-30
www.lucas-nuelle.de

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Course

"EEM 42 Three-phase asynchronous machines: Dahlander

Picture source: SEW Eurodrive

SH5002-1H Version 2.1

Lucas-Nülle GmbH · Siemensstraße 2 · D-50170 Kerpen (Sindorf)

Copyright © 2008 LUCAS-NÜLLE GmbH.

LUCAS-NÜLLE Lehr- und Messgeräte GmbH

Welcome to the three-phase asynchronous machines course. The

This course is intended to impart a practical knowledge of three-phase

SO3636-6V servo drive/servo brake, 300 W 1

Basic safety instructions

General instructions on handling the equipment

Asynchronous motor, Dahlander circuit

 Connection and starting

Training content: "Connection and starting"

Enter the nominal data for the asynchronous machine

Nominal voltage ____V

Assembly instructions: "Connection and starting"

 Assemble the circuits as specified in the following circuit diagram and

Additional More detailed information on the brake can be found in the

Circuit diagram: "Connection & starting"

Set-up: "Connection & starting"

Starting asynchronous motor with switch in position 1

 Brake mode: Torque control

 Put the motor into operation and observe its response

Specify the type of connection.

What do you measure the torque to be with the switch on setting 1?

Starting asynchronous motor with switch in position 2

 Brake mode: Torque control

 Put the motor into operation and observe its response

Specify the type ofconnection.

What do you measure the torque to be with the switch on setting 2?

Record a load characteristic for both switch positions

 Brake mode: Speed control

Table 1 (Switch position 1)

n/(1/min) 1400 1320 1240 1160 1080 1000

Table 2 (Switch position 2)

n/(1/min) 2800 2640 2480 2320 2160 2000

Record load characteristics for both switch positions with the

 Start the ActiveDrive/ActiveServo software.

Placeholder for load characteristic

Training content: Rotation reversal

Definition of rotation direction

Assembly instructions: Rotation reversal

 Assemble the circuits as specified in the circuit diagrams and set-up

Circuit diagram: Rotation reversal

Set-up: Rotation reversal

 Switch on the motor and observe it.

In which direction does the motor turn?

Circuit diagram: Rotation reversal

In which direction does the motor turn?

How can a three-phase asynchronous machine's direction of rotation be

Training content: Load characteristics

Assembly instructions: "Load charactacteristics"

Additional More detailed information on the brake can be found in the

Circuit diagram: Load characteristic

Set-up: Load characteristic

Record the load characteristic with various simulated loads useing

 Load constant: refer to the experiment procedure.