PURVIEW OF GFRG TECHNOLOGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF

AFFORDABLE HOUSING

By:
Paras Chauhan
Enrollment No.: A13559020039
Program Name: MBA CPM
Batch: 2020-22

Faculty Guide :
Prof. Riddha Basu

CAPSTONE PROJECT - 1
MSCP601
2021

RICS SCHOOL OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT

SCHOOL OF CONSTRUCTION
AMITY UNIVERSITY
NOIDA
 Declaration by the Candidate

I, Paras Chauhan hereby declare that the project report entitled Purview of GFRG
Technology for the development of Affordable Housing submitted to RICS School of Built
Environment in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of MBA (CPM) degree is
a record of bonafide project work carried out by me under the guidance of Prof. Riddha Basu.

I further declare that the work reported in this project has not been submitted and
will not be submitted, either in part or in full, for the award of any other degree or diploma
in this institute or any other institute or university.

_________________

Paras Chauhan
Place: Delhi, India
Date: 20/11/2021

pg. i Capstone 1 | Paras Chauhan | MBA CPM 2020-22

 Faculty Guide Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. Paras Chauhan of MBA CPM, batch 2020-22 bearing
enrolment no A13559020039 has prepared this report for Capstone Project -1 (MSCP601) on
“Purview of GFRG Technology for the development of Affordable Housing” under my
guidance.

___________________
Faculty Guide Signature
Prof. Riddha Basu
Associate Professor, School of Construction

pg. ii Capstone 1 | Paras Chauhan | MBA CPM 2020-22

 Acknowledgement

The first phase of this Capstone Research has been kept on track and been seen through to
completion with the support and encouragement of numerous people including my
professors, well wishers, my friends and my family. I would like to thank all those people who
made this thesis possible and an unforgettable experience for me.

I would like to extend my sincere thanks and gratitude to RICS SBE for giving me this
opportunity.

I would like to thank Prof. Riddha Basu for her continuous guidance, support and
encouragement.

Paras Chauhan
MBA CPM 2020-22
RICS School of Built Environment, Amity University, Noida

pg. iii Capstone 1 | Paras Chauhan | MBA CPM 2020-22

 Contents
................................................................................................................................................................. i
Declaration by the Candidate .................................................................................................................. i
Faculty Guide Certificate......................................................................................................................... ii
Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................................. iii
List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................... v
Abstract .................................................................................................................................................. vi
1. Research Background.......................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Evidences ...................................................................................................................................... 2
1.2.1 Rapid Urbanisation..................................................................................................................... 2
1.2.2 Housing Shortage ....................................................................................................................... 2
2. Research Methodology ............................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Onion Diagram .............................................................................................................................. 3
2.2 Research Phrase Identification ..................................................................................................... 5
3. Research Objective ..................................................................................................................... 6
4. Literature Review ........................................................................................................................ 6
4.1 Affordable Housing & its present condition in India..................................................................... 6
4.2 Need of Sustainable, rapid & fast track construction ................................................................... 8
5. Research Gap ............................................................................................................................ 15
6. Research Question .................................................................................................................... 15
7. References .................................................................................................................................... 16

pg. iv Capstone 1 | Paras Chauhan | MBA CPM 2020-22

 List of Figures
Figure 1 Mumbai dharavi Slum .................................................................................................. 1
Figure 2 State level cumulative houses completed Source : FICCI ............................................ 2
Figure 3 Housing shortage data Source : FICCI .......................................................................... 2
Figure 4 Urban Housing shortage
Source : Report of Technical Group (TG-12) on Estimation of Urban Housing Shortage 2012, Ministry
of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation ................................................................................. 3
Figure 5 Onion Diagram ............................................................................................................. 4
Figure 6 Onion Diagram .............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 7 Process of Research phrase identification.................................................................... 5
Figure 8 Search Engines ............................................................................................................. 5
Figure 9 Identified Research Phrases ......................................................................................... 5
Figure 10 Statewise housing shortage in 2012 Source : KPMG .............................................. 7
Figure 11 PMAY Sanctioned vs Released Funds ...................................................................................... 7

pg. v Capstone 1 | Paras Chauhan | MBA CPM 2020-22

 Abstract
By 2050, Indian cities would have 900 mn more residents. The increasing speed of urbanisation
caused by rural–urban migration is putting a strain on these cities' urban infrastructure. As the
country's urban growth progresses, a rising source of worry for India's urban planners is the
country's vast urban housing deficit. In 2012, the shortfall was predicted to be 18.78 million
families in the EWS and LIG groups.

In order to achieve the desired goal of affordable housing, new interventions and
methodologies must be used. To satisfy the requirements and improve the housing scarcity
situation in our nation, rapid and fast-paced building with an economically effective choice
should be used.

GFRG is a cost-effective and environmentally benign material, and utilising it to build mass
affordable housing on a large scale will undoubtedly speed up the production and delivery of
mass housing units. Furthermore, The material has been approved as a green construction
material by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

Keywords : Affordable housing, urbanisation, rural urban migration, GFRG, Rapid construction,
cost effective

pg. vi Capstone 1 | Paras Chauhan | MBA CPM 2020-22

1. Research Background
1.1 Introduction

Despite being one of the world's largest countries and having one of the world's largest
populations, India still lags in many areas. Over the last few decades, India has seen
increased urbanization and inward rural to urban migration, resulting into a significant
shift in the demographic profile of the urban areas.

Figure 1 Mumbai dharavi Slum

India's development is on the rise. Rapid growth entails a faster pace of urbanization,
which necessitates the trend of migration. This is fueled by the advantages that cities
have over rural regions, such as a greater variety of economic options, improved social
indices such as health and education, and access to essential amenities.

India's population is estimated to be over 1.4 billion people, and it is rapidly growing.
Because land is in short supply and demand for their housing and other requirements
is growing.

GFRG Panel is a revolutionary construction technique for mass-scale housing that is

both cost-effective and environmentally beneficial. It was invented in Australia in the
early 1990s and has since spread to China, India, Japan, Saudi Arabia, and other
countries. GFRG technology has been found to be most suited for application in low-
income housing developments. The main advantage of employing this technique is the
speed with which it can be built due to the usage of prefabricated wall and slab panels.

pg. 1 Capstone 1 | Paras Chauhan | MBA CPM 2020-22

1.2 Evidences
1.2.1 Rapid Urbanisation
To accommodate the expanding urban population, India would most certainly require
an extra 25 million affordable housing units by 2030, says a report by RICS and Knight
Frank. (RICS , 2019)

By 2050, 900 million people will be added to Indian cities, says Urban Infrastructure in
India, FICCI, October 2011
It is heartening to note that the government is set to achieve the target 10 million by
2022, which is an unparalleled achievement globally. Going by the rate of urbanisation,
this requirement will grow two and a half times to 25 million urban affordable houses.
says Nimish Gupta FRICS, managing director, south Asia – RICS. (RICS , 2019)

1.2.2 Housing Shortage

The rapidly rising density of metropolitan areas has resulted in an increase in the
number of individuals living in squatter settlements and slums. Rising land and real
estate costs in metropolitan regions have compelled the impoverished and
economically disadvantaged segments of society to occupy marginal lands
characterised by substandard housing stock, congestion, and obsolescence. A
significant housing crisis is looming in urban India, and there is a significant imbalance
between demand and supply of housing, both in number and quality.

Figure 2 State level cumulative houses completed Source : FICCI

Figure 3 Housing shortage data Source : FICCI

pg. 2 Capstone 1 | Paras Chauhan | MBA CPM 2020-22

According to a study provided to the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation
(MHUPA) by a technical committee, India's urban housing shortfall was projected to be
about 18.78 million families in 2012. 9 Aside from individuals who live in dilapidated
housing, 80 percent of these households live in overcrowded housing and need new
housing. According to the study, nearly 1 million households live in non-functional
katcha houses, while more than half a million are homeless.

Figure 4 Urban Housing shortage

Source : Report of Technical Group (TG-12) on Estimation of Urban Housing Shortage 2012,
Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation

2. Research Methodology

2.1 Phase wise distribution

Phase 1 - Initial research

- Problem Statement, Need identification, Objective of research

Phase 2 - Literature Review

- Identification of Research Phrases
- Literature review of exisiting research papers throung search engines
- Finding out Research Gap

Phase 3 - Data Collection

- Consuction Primary & Research data collection
- Various modes of Data collection such as Interview, curveys etc.

Phase 4 - Analysis of Collected data towards final outcome

- Data analysis in formulation towards final conclusion

pg. 3 Capstone 1 | Paras Chauhan | MBA CPM 2020-22

 2.2 Onion Diagram

Figure 5 Onion Diagram

• Positivism : There is a single reality or truth. This is based on real time scenarios.
More Realist.

• Inductive approach to theory development: This type of approach comes when

the researcher wants to explore some phenomenon. Inductive reasoning is a type
of method of developing theories which begins from a specific observation and
further progresses to the formulation of a one general rule.

• Case Study Strategy: Case study-based research will be conducted to reach the
research target. Highly subjective.

• Multimethod: Use of both qualitative & quantitative methods.

• Cross sectional: When the data is collected for one particular time period

• Primary data collection through Case studies

pg. 4 Capstone 1 | Paras Chauhan | MBA CPM 2020-22

 2.2 Research Phrase Identification

The Process was intended to identify the possible research phrases, which will further
scrutinize the process & streamline the research.

Figure 6 Process of Research phrase identification

Research phrase identification will give a direction literature research. Relevant

research papers can be identified and further data collection process can become
more seamless and efficient.

Figure 7 Search Engines

Figure 8 Identified Research Phrases

pg. 5 Capstone 1 | Paras Chauhan | MBA CPM 2020-22

 3. Research Objective
The purpose of this research is to review and analyse the prospects of employing GFRG
based technology for the development of Affordable housing through performance
parameters. To achieve this aim, the following are the objectives:

• To study the GFRG based technology for developing Affordable housing

• To study different factors like Sustainability, Acceptability of GFRG based

technology for affordable housing.

• To study the challenges in implementing the technology at wide scale.

• To evaluate the benefits and drawbacks (limitations) of the GFRG based

technology.

4. Literature Review
There has been a significant amount of study on the usage of GFRG with affordable
housing in the Indian context. This literature study reviews the available literature on
GFRG and affordable housing.

4.1 Affordable Housing & its present condition in India

▪ As per the Statistics & reports from KPMG,JLL & other renowned organizations, only a
few percentages of Affordable housing projects are able to complete & out of which
only few projects get delivered to the public. A huge gap in terms of Technology,

pg. 6 Capstone 1 | Paras Chauhan | MBA CPM 2020-22

resources, policies can be observed.

Figure 9 Statewise housing shortage in 2012 Source : KPMG

As noted & shown in the above statistics by KPMG’s report, it is clear that the current
Affordable Housing situation is not at all positive. As per the statistics there is a total
76% of the urban housing shortage. For these shortages there are multiple reasons but
one of the most important reason is the lack of rapid construction technology. To have
a smooth supply of affordable housing units, it is very crucial to have a robust rapid
construction system which will not only enables the govt. to reach the target goal but
will also contribute in enhancing the overall resource efficiency.

“It's well known that in India there's a housing deficit which is more than 30 million
housing units,” says Daniele Russolillo, Planet Smart City's chief operating officer and
deputy chief executive. “The demand for affordable housing is absolutely huge."

Figure 10 PMAY Sanctioned vs Released Funds

pg. 7 Capstone 1 | Paras Chauhan | MBA CPM 2020-22

The entire funds sanctioned by the Government for PMAY-U as of January 2020 equal
to Rs. 1.63 lakh crore. However, just Rs. 0.64 lakh crore (39 %) has been issued thus
far, with only Rs. 0.28 lakh crore coming from budgeted allocations. Despite yearly
variations owing to different development levels, the actual budgetary amounts
deployed have been near to the budgeted sums set aside on a cumulative basis.

4.2 Need of Sustainable, rapid & fast track construction

Shinto Paul (2017) stated that the usage of Glass Fibre Reinforced Gypsum (GFRG)
panels in the building construction industry is a very promising and evolving
construction technology. Great housing shortages in nations such as India necessitate
innovative solutions that are not only sustainable, economical, and high quality, but
also allow for quick development.

When compared to traditional structures, GFRG buildings may totally eliminate cement
plastering and use far less steel, cement sand, and water. GFRG buildings use
significantly less embodied energy (have a lower carbon footprint) and recycle
industrial waste gypsum, both of which contribute to long-term growth.

GFRG panels may be utilized successfully for a building's complete superstructure,

including all walls, slabs, staircases, parapets, and so on. This construction system offers
several benefits over traditional structures. GFRG structures have the ability to address
the issue of supplying inexpensive mass housing quickly.

This is an environmentally beneficial and sustainable building method that uses

recycled industrial waste gypsum or natural gypsum while minimising the need of
cement, steel, sand, water, and labour. This technique is gaining traction in India and
other Asian nations.

Authors Year Paper Title Success Criteria Identified Critique

Mohamed 2016 Cost Model for - GFRG uses & its - Comparative
Said Using Glass Fibre definitions, installation analysis of cost
Mesethy Reinforced process with other regions
Gypsum system would have been
(GFRG) (Elsaee, - Cost Analysis of GFRF helpful
2016) based construction
- A cumulative
- Analysis based on analysis of Direct
various technical tools cost for GFRG
involved in the process

pg. 8 Capstone 1 | Paras Chauhan | MBA CPM 2020-22

 - GFRG Panels & - Environmental
Accessories aspects could
have been
- Labour cost analysis addressed

- Techniques to
reduce the cost
with same
performance
should have been
added

Table 1 Literature Review 1

Authors Year Paper Title Success Criteria Identified Critique

Philip 2020 Comparative - Highlights on world’s energy - Meaningful

Cherian, study of consumption analysis with a
Sivakumar embodied descriptive
Palaniappan, energy of - Embodied energy involved quantitative &
Devdas affordable in the process qualitative data
Menon, A. houses
Meher made using - Infrastructure requirements - Comparison of
Prasad GFRG and GFRG technology
- Government Initiatives
conventional with non-
building - Assess the sustainability conventional
technologies indicators of GFRG materials should
in India have been added
(Philip - Comparative Analysis
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Cherian, between Conventional Brick Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhi ahd
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- Environmental performance Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
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- Embodied energy Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

classification Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

- Maintainability Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

- Energy efficiency Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd

- Technical analysis of
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iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Materials with various Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
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iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Table 2 Literature Review 2

pg. 9 Capstone 1 | Paras Chauhan | MBA CPM 2020-22

Authors Year Paper Success Criteria Identified Critique
Title

Sk. Subhan 2016 Low Cost - Low Cost Housing Importance - Case study based
Alisha, Sajja. Housing knowledge with
Neeraja, Sk. by Using - Identified the need of Low region was
Akber, G. Sai GFRG cost houses categorization
Manoj Panels would have
- Laid emphasis on planning
(Sk. provided a much
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Subhan part
larger view
dhahidhda adhidaadh

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hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda
Alisha,
iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

- Building plans & layouts

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2016) - Issues related to
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- Recycling of Materials social &
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iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
economical should
- Techniques to Reduce Cost of
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have been
From Area
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iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
incorporated to
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hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda
iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
- Use of the GFRG Panels & highlight the
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hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda
iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh limitation barriers towards
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iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
GFRG panel usage
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hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda
- Advantages over the in Low cost
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hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda
Conventional RCC Concrete housing.
iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

- Construction procedure of a
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iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

GFRG panel
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda
iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda
iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda
iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
- Environmental performance
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hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda

- Embodied energy
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classification

- Maintainability

Table 3 Literature Review 3

Authors Year Paper Title Success Criteria Identified Critique

Shinto Paul, 2017 Sustainable, - Advantage of GFRG - Advantages

Devdas rapid and Technology could have been
Menon, affordable categorized in
Meher mass - Detailed Design system various sub
Prasad, P housing heads
- Technical & Mechanical
Gopinathan using
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh ‘GFRG’ Specifications of GFRG - Examples of
dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

panels Affordable mass
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh - Application & Advantages
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
housing should
adhidaadh

have been

pg. 10 Capstone 1 | Paras Chauhan | MBA CPM 2020-22

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

(Shinto - Design & Construction of explained in

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh
Paul, 2016) GFRG Buildings and its various detailed
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
elements iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

- GFRG in Asian Countries and

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

the usage varying from

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh
Residential to institutional Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

buildings.
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
adhidaadh
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh
- Environmental performance Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda

- Reduced life-cycle cost

adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
- Maintainability Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

- Energy efficiency
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
adhidaadh
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
- Design & construction of Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda

adhidaadh

various building components Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

such as walls, staircase, roof

slab etc.

Table 4 Literature Review 4

Authors Year Paper Title Success Criteria Identified Critique

FICCI 2020 Overview of - Present scenario of Affordable - Comparative

iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh
Affordable housing in India analysis over
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
housing in different time
- - Initiatives to encourage the
adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
India periods is
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh
building of high-quality missing
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh affordable homes.
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda - Gives an overall
- Technological Innovations
adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
overview of
adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda - Reasons behind Increasing Indian affordable
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda

housing
adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
migration to Urban Cities
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

- Supply & demand side

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh
interventions Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh
- Government assistance Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

provided to beneficiaries
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda

- Comparison of Traditional &

adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda

modern ways of construction.

adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
adhidaadh iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh

pg. 11 Capstone 1 | Paras Chauhan | MBA CPM 2020-22

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd

- Pan India update on

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh
Affordable housing target Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

- % Completion of state level Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

cumulative houses Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

- Overview of key ICRA-rated

developers in the affordable
segment (FICCI, 202)

Authors Year Paper Title Success Criteria Identified Critique

Pacha Kalyani, 2019 Building - Structural performance - Case study from

A. Systems other parts of
Ramakrishnaiah using GFRG - Comparison between the country
conventional building
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh should have
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi
daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda
dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
system and GFRG building been added to
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi
daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda
system have a better
dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi

daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda
dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
- Comparison based on analysis of
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi
daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda
dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
energy, cost, finishes, building system
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi
daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda
dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
recyclability, speed of performance.
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi
daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda
dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
construction etc. - Provides
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi
daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda
dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi

- Mechanical properties of overarching
daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda
dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi GFRG panels & their view of building
daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda

systems using
dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi

daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda
efficiency if used in building
GFRG panels
dahaidhadh

system
and about the
- Example of building at IIT performance.
madras campus to
demonstrate the usage of
technology to mass
affordable housing units

Authors Year Paper Title Success Criteria Identified Critique

S.Ragav 2021 Review - Construction guidelines - Ways to control

iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh
Study on formulated by FACT-RCF the
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
Glass Fibre building products Ltd (FRBL) disadvantages
adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
Reinforced could have been
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh

Gypsum mentioned
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh Panels

pg. 12 Capstone 1 | Paras Chauhan | MBA CPM 2020-22

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

(S.Ragav, - Detailed analysis on - Overall, a great

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh
2021) manufacturing process study
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda
dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh mentioning
adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
- Design & construction manual various aspect of
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh

with reference to seismic

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda dhahidhda adhidaadh
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda

GFRG building
adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda

areas & load bearing

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda dhahidhda adhidaadh

panels.
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

structures
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda dhahidhda adhidaadh
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda dhahidhda adhidaadh
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

- Introduction of steel bars & Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh

concrete to make load bearing iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

panels
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda dhahidhda adhidaadh
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda dhahidhda adhidaadh Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd

- Details about making partition

adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh

walls Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda dhahidhda adhidaadh
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

- Use of GFRG panels can help

adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda dhahidhda adhidaadh iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

in increasing space utilisation

adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh
GFRG panel is five times stronger Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

than convention building system

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

(S.Ragav, 2021)
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
dhahidhda adhidaadh iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
- GFRG Lifespan as 80 years & Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh

conventional building life span

as 50 years

- GFRG, an effective option for

earthquake proof structure

Authors Year Paper Title Success Criteria Identified Critique

V.M. Mujeeb, 2017 Case Study - There is a pressing need for - This study
R. on Glass low-cost mass-affordable focuses on the
Udhayasakthi Fibre housing on a large scale. effective cost of
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh
Reinforced GFRG and
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu
ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh
ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Gypsum - -As an alternative, use alkali- excludes the
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu
ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh
Panel in resistant macro glass fibres as indirect cost of
ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

mass house concrete reinforcement in

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu
ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh
ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh the system.
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu
ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh
economies structural parts.
(V. M.
ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu

- A proper risk
- Distribution of fibre,
ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh
ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu

Mujeeb, analysis should
ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh
ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
2017) orientation, and effectiveness be conducted
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu
ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh
ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda
dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
of bonding which will help
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu
ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh
ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh

- Thinner sections are also in setting

ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh

guidelines
ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

made possible by the low

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu dhahidhda adhidaadh
ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh
ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda

pg. 13 Capstone 1 | Paras Chauhan | MBA CPM 2020-22

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh

water cement ratio of the before

ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh dhahidhda adhidaadh
ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh
ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh
material implementing
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh
ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh the GFRG
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu
ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh
ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
- Advantages & Disadvantages system.
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh

of technology mentioned
dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu

ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh
ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda

- Quality methods
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu
ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh
ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

for on-site
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh
installation
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
inspection of
dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
GFRG systems
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh

should have
dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda

been included.
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh
f

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh adhidaadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh

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iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda ad

Authors Year Paper Title Success Criteria Identified Critique

Renita 2019 Housing - Policymakers in India do not - Case study from

D’Souza Poverty in have a thorough review to other parts of
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh
Urban India: have a basic knowledge of the country
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
The Failures the issue of housing should have
adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
of Past and poverty. been added to
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh

Current have a better

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
Strategies and - Definitions & dimensions of analysis of
adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
the Need for a Housing poverty
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh
building system
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda New Blueprint
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda

- Urban housing schemes in performance.

(D’SOUZA,
adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

India
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh
2019) - Provides
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda

overarching view
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda

- Support to the planned
of building
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh

urbanization programmes
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh
systems using
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
- Transit shelter for GFRG panels and
temporary & seasonal about the
migrants performance.

- Customer tailoring
affordability

- Fixing the weakness of the

affordable housing
ecosystem

pg. 14 Capstone 1 | Paras Chauhan | MBA CPM 2020-22

 - Accessing philanthropic
resources

5. Research Gap
Based on a comprehensive study of the literature review conducted for this
research, several gaps were discovered that can be filled by first identifying them
and researching them under this research project.

• Research to identify the critical challenges in the adoption of GFRG based

technology has not been carried out till now.

• One of the most significant key findings from these studies is that studies are
not focusing on formulating a standard for quality inspection.

• Most of the studies & experiments are done only in one particular region of
our country.

• Another key finding is that there are no major studies have been done on
social acceptance of GFRG based technology in mass affordable housing.

6. Research Question
• What are the Critical challenges in the adoption of emerging technologies
such as Glass Fibre Reinforced gypsum (GFRG)?

• What are the different factors which can promote GFRG based technology for
affordable housing?

adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda ad hda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda ad hda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda ad hda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adh idaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda a dhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda ad hda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

pg. 15 Capstone 1 | Paras Chauhan | MBA CPM 2020-22

 7. References

• Aishwary Shukla, M. A. K. A. K., 2016. A Review of Research on Building System Using

Glass Fiber Reinforced Gypsum panels. International Research Journal of Engineering
and Technology (IRJET), 3(2), p. 8.

• BMTPC, 2014. Glass Fibre Reinforced Gypsum (GFRG) Panel , Delhi: BMTPC.

• D’SOUZA, R., 2019. Housing Poverty in Urban India: The Failures of Past and Current
Strategies and the Need for a New Blueprint. Observer Research Foundation, 20
March.

• Elsaee, M. S. M., 2016. COST MODEL FOR USING GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED GYPSUM
SYSTEM. International Journal of Development and Economic Sustainability, 4(3), pp.
33-47.

• FICCI, 202. ficci.in. [Online]

Available at: https://ficci.in/spdocument/23169/Affordable-Housing-Report-Spread-
View.pdf
[Accessed 5 November 2021].

• ICRA, 2020. AFFORDABLE HOUSING, Bangalore: FICCI.

• KPMG , 2020. REAL ESTATE AND CONSTRUCTION, Mumbai: NAREDCO.

• Kuldeep Kumar, D. N., 2020. Critical Review of use of Glass Fiber Reinforced Gypsum
(GFRG). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY, 9(2
(February 2020)), p. 14.

• PACHA KALYANI, A. R., 2019. Building Systems using GFRG Panels. IJATIR, 11(4), pp.
230-234.

• Philip Cherian, S. P. D. M. A. M. P., 2020. Comparative study of embodied energy of

affordable houses made. Energy & Buildings, 214(0378-7788), p. 79.

• R.R.Sorate, A. D. A. M. M. N. N. D. V. T., 2014. Slum Rehabilitation with Fast Track

Techniques. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), 11(3), pp.
27-32.

• RICS , 2019. Brick by Brick moving towards 'Housing for all', Mumbai: RICS, Knight
Frank.

• S.Ragav, 2021. Review Study on Glass Fibre Reinforced Gypsum (GFRG) Panels,
Singapore: Springer.

• Shinto Paul, D. M. A. M. P. P., 2016. SUSTAINABLE, RAPID AND AFFORDABLE MASS

HOUSING USING GFRG PANELS. 23 May, p. 5.

pg. 16 Capstone 1 | Paras Chauhan | MBA CPM 2020-22

 • Simon Thomas, A. P., 2018. Affordable Housing : The Indian perspective & future
outlook , Building change & sustainable communities, Gurgaon: JLL.

• Singh, M. V., 2021. Sr. Manager-HR [Interview] (09 Aug 2021).

• Sk. Subhan Alisha, S. N. S. A. G. S. M., 2016. Low Cost Housing by Using GFRG Panels.
IJSRSET, 2(3), p. 8.

• V. M. Mujeeb, R. U., 2017. Case Study on Glass Fiber Reinforced Gypsum Panel in.
The Asian Review of Civil Engineering, 6(2), p. 5.

• Virendra Joshi, A. B. C. V. N., 2019. AFFORDABLE HOUSING, Mumbai: CII.

pg. 17 Capstone 1 | Paras Chauhan | MBA CPM 2020-22