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University of San Agustin: Intermolecular Forces in Liquids and Solids

This document summarizes an experiment on intermolecular forces in liquids. Students measured the surface tension of water, ethanol, and acetone by counting drops on a coin before overflow and timing evaporation of a single drop. Water held the most drops and took the longest to evaporate, while acetone held the fewest drops and evaporated fastest, indicating their different polarities and intermolecular forces. The conclusions were that polar liquids formed stronger bonds than nonpolar liquids, explaining their higher boiling points and slower evaporation rates.

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Eshteyn Paez
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76 views

University of San Agustin: Intermolecular Forces in Liquids and Solids

This document summarizes an experiment on intermolecular forces in liquids. Students measured the surface tension of water, ethanol, and acetone by counting drops on a coin before overflow and timing evaporation of a single drop. Water held the most drops and took the longest to evaporate, while acetone held the fewest drops and evaporated fastest, indicating their different polarities and intermolecular forces. The conclusions were that polar liquids formed stronger bonds than nonpolar liquids, explaining their higher boiling points and slower evaporation rates.

Uploaded by

Eshteyn Paez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CATEGORY

Materials
Drawings/
University of San Agustin Diagrams
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT Appearance/
General Luna Street, Iloilo City, Philippines, 500P Organization
Tel. No. (+63-33) 337-4841 to 44 participation
Analysis
Conclusion
Laboratory #1 Time-Bound
Intermolecular forces in liquids and solids TOTAL

Group #: 5 Strand/Year & Section: ABM 11-A


MEMBERS:
Andrea Moreno Vienne Hannah Faith Valence
Alyssa Marie Espinosa Marty Jude Rebesencio
Jeve Sarah Salcedo
I. OBJECTIVE:
1. Demonstrate surface tension as a property of liquids.
2. Determine the type of intermolecular forces present on the substance.
II. MATERIALS:
6 OLD FIVE PESO COINS WATER
3 DROPPERS ACETONE
TIMER ETHYL ALCOHOL
III. PROCEDURE
1. Lay a five-peso coin on the table.
2. Fill the dropper with water and count the number of drops you ca put on the coin before it spills
over the edge.
3. On the next five-peso coin, put a drop of the liquid and determine how much time it takes one
drop to evaporate.
4. Repeat the process with acetone and ethyl alcohol.

First we prepared our materials We labeled each dropper We fill the first dropper Started dropping some
and started the activity. so that we will not be with water. water unto the coin
confused. and count the drops.
When the water spills on the Next ,we fill the second Started dropping some We finished counting
Edge of the coin, we stopped. dropper with ethyl alcohol alcohol on the coin. the drops when it spills.

Again we fill the 3rd dropper Started dropping some acetone on the For the 3rd process, we dropped
using acetone. coin and counted the number of drops water unto the coin and observed
until it spills. how long would it take to evaporate.

When the coil is already dry, we We also put a single drop of We lastly put a single drop
recorded the time and proceed. alcohol and recorded its time acetone and waited until its dry.
to evaporate.
IV. DATA AND OBSERVATION:

CHEMICAL # OF TIME TO 1 LDF DIP- HYDROGEN ION-


FORMULA DROPS DROP TO DIP BOND DIPOLE
ON THE EVAPORATE
COIN
WATER H20 74 5 min. 20 sec.
ETHANOL C2H5OH 51 59.65 sec.
ACETONE C3H6O 35 34.20 sec.

V. ANALYSIS:
1. Which molecule can hold more drops on the coin?
-The molecule that holds more drops of coin is water.
2. Which molecule took longer to evaporate?
- The molecule that took longer to evaporate is water because the recorded time
is more than 5 minutes.
3. Are the molecules that can hold the lesser number of drops the same as the
molecule that took the least time to evaporate?
-Definitely yes, because the molecule that has the lesser number of drops is
acetone it is also the molecule that took least time to evaporate.
4. Based on the formula of the substances, are the molecules that can hold more
drops on the coins polar or non-polar? What about those that took longer to
evaporate?
-The molecules that can hold more drops on the coins and took longer to
evaporate is polar.
VI. CONCLUSIONS:

Based on our observation, the molecules that can hold more drops on the coins
and took longer to evaporate is polar while the molecules that took the less time to
evaporate is non-polar.
Polar liquids usually form bonds between them, very long chain. This is the reason
why this long chain of bonds require lot of energy to break so the boiling point is higher
and evaporation rate is slower.
Non-polar liquids have weak dispersion between them. This is farweaker than the
polar bond or force of attraction so they are easy to break. Thus,they have lower boiling
point and higher evaporation rate.
Ethanol is a polar covalent molecule so the intermolecular force is present in. This
molecule. Is London dispersion forces and dipole-dipole force.
Water has hydrogen bonds, it also has dipole-induced dipole and London
dispersion forces. The hydrogen bonds are the strongest force, but the other types of
intermolecular attraction are still present. Then, ethanol is a polar covalent molecule so the
intermolecular force is present in this molecule is London dispersion forces and dipole-
dipole forces. While, the intermolecular forces present in acetone are: dipole-dipole, and
London dispersion.
Surface tension depends mainly upon the forces of attraction between the
particles within the given liquid and also upon the gas, solid, or liquid in contact with it.
The molecules in a drop of water, for example, attract each other weakly. Water molecules
well inside the drop may be thought of as being attracted equally in all directions by the
surrounding molecules. However, if surface molecules could be displaced slightly outward
from the surface, they would be attracted back by the nearby molecules. The energy
responsible for the phenomenon of surface tension may be thought of as approximately
equivalent to the work or energy required to remove the surface layer of molecules in a
unit area.

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