Note: Students can also write factually correct answers, other than the

ones given in this Marking Scheme.

MARKING SCHEME POLITICAL SCIENCE
TERM 2 (2021-2022)
Class XII
Section-A
1. ‘In recent years India has paid adequate attention to ASEAN’. Give
two points to justify the statement. 1+1
Ans.1. In recent years India has paid adequate attention to ASEAN-
(a) The ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement came into effect in
2010.
(b) On January 25th, 2018, silver jubilee of India and ASEAN
partnership was commemorated. Leaders released postal
stamps to mark the event.
OR
Explain ‘Miracle on the Han River’. 1+1
Ans. Miracle on Han River-
(a) South Korea emerged as a center of power in Asia.
(b) Between the 1960s and the 1980s, it rapidly developed into
an economic power, which is termed as 'Miracle on the Han
River'.

2. South Asia stands for diversity in every sense and yet constitutes
one geo-political space. Do you agree with the statement? Give
two reasons for your answer. 1+1
Ans.2.
(a) The mighty Himalayas in the north and the vast Indian Ocean,
the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal in the south west and
east respectively provide a natural insularity to the
 region which is largely responsible for the linguistic, social
and cultural distinctiveness of the subcontinent.
(b) The various countries in South Asia do not have the same
kind of political systems but democracy has become an
accepted norm in this region.
Thus, yes, South Asia stands for diversity in every sense and yet
constitutes one geo- political space.

3. Why do you think India is now considered as an important centre

of power? 1+1
Ans.3. The 21st century India is being seen as an important emerging
global power-
(a) The economic, cultural and strategic position of the country
with the population of more than 135 crores is very strong.
(b) From a strategic perspective, the military of India is self-
sufficient with indigenous nuclear technology, making it
another nuclear power.
(c) From an economic perspective, targeting the goal of a $5
trillion economy, a competitive huge market, and ancient
inclusive culture with 200 million people of Indian diaspora
spreading across the globe impart distinct meaning and
salience to India as a new center of power in the 21st
century. (Any two points)

4. American involvement in South Asia has rapidly increased after

the Cold War. Give two examples to illustrate. 1+1
Ans.4.
(a) The United States has had good relations with both India
and Pakistan since the end of the Cold War and increasingly
works as a moderator in India- Pakistan relations.
 (b) The Economic reforms and liberal economic policies in both
the countries have greatly increased the depth of American
participation in the region.
(c) The large South Asian Diasporas in the US and the huge size
of the population and markets of the region also give
America an added stake in the future of regional security
and peace. (Any two points)

5. Evaluate the role of SAARC in facilitating the economic

cooperation in the South Asian region. 1+1
Ans.5.
(a) The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
is a major regional initiative by the South Asian States to evolve
cooperation through multilateral means. It began in 1985
SAARC members signed the South Asian Free Trade Agreement
(SAFTA) in 2004 which promised the formation of a free trade
zone for the whole of South Asia.
(b) A new chapter of peace and cooperation might evolve in South
Asia if all the countries in the region allow free trade across the
borders.

6. The first general election was postponed twice. Give two reasons
for the same. 1+1
Ans.6. The first general election was a mammoth exercise-
(a) 17 crore eligible voters were to elect about 3,200 MLAs and
489 members of Lok Sabha.
(b) Only 15% of the voters were literate.
(c) In the first draft of the rolls, names of nearly 40 lakh women
were not recorded in the list. (Any two points)
7. Explicate two features of a Coalition Government. 1+1
Ans.7.
(a) When no single party gets a majority and two or more than two
parties join together a form a government, it is called a Coalition
Government.
(b) Various small parties usually play a crucial role in forming a
Coalition Government.
(c) Position of the Head of Government usually remains weak as
he/she has to appease all the stakeholders in the government.
(Any two points)

8. Name the leader who led a peoples’ march to Parliament in 1975

and state as to what was unique about this march. 1+1
Ans.8.
(a) Loknayak Jayprakash Narayan was the leader who led
peoples’ march to Parliament.
(b)This was one of the largest political rallies ever held in the
capital during those times.

SECTION-B
9. Compare the European Union with ASEAN. 2+2
Ans.9. The European Union-
 (a) After the Second World War, the Organization for European
Economic Cooperation (OECC) was established by America,
under the Marshall Plan.
(b) The process of economic integration of European capitalist
countries proceeded systematically and the Council of Europe
was established in 1949.
(c) This led to the formation of the European Economic Community
in 1957. After the collapse of Soviet bloc, EuropeanUnion was
established in 1992.
(d) It has its own flag, anthem, founding date and currency.
European Union was the world’s largest economy in 2005. It
had a GDP of more than US $ 12 trillion in 2005. (Any two
points)
ASEAN-
(a) Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) was
established in 1967 by five countries of this region –Indonesia,
Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand by signing the
Bangkok Declaration.
(b) ASEAN countries have adopted the “ASEAN Way” as a form of
interaction that is informal, non-confrontationist and
cooperative.
(c) In 2003, ASEAN moved along the path of establishing an ASEAN
Community comprising three pillars, namely, the ASEAN
Security Community, the ASEAN Economic Community and the
ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community.
(d) ASEAN had several agreements in place by which member
states promised to uphold peace, neutrality, cooperation, non-
interference and respect for national differences and sovereign
rights. ASEAN economy is growing much faster than other
countries.
(e) ASEAN has focused on creating a Free Trade Area (FTA) for
investment, labor and services. ASEAN Vision 2020 had defined
an outward- looking role for ASEAN in the international
 community. ASEAN policy has been to encourage negotiation
over conflicts in the region. (Any two points)

10. Describe various issues regarding the National Emergency of

1975 in India. 1+1+1+1
Ans.10. The various issues regarding the National Emergency of
1975 in India are as follows:
(a) There were arrests of political workers and undue
restrictions on the press.
(b) The Emergency directly affected the lives of common people
in many cases. Fundamental Rights of the people were
suspended. Torture and custodial deaths occurred during the
Emergency and arbitrary relocation of poor people also took
place.
(c) The Constitution simply mentioned ‘internal disturbances’
as the reason for declaring Emergency. Before 1975, the
Emergency was never proclaimed on this ground.
(d) Although the then government argued that in a democracy,
the opposition parties must allow the elected ruling party to
govern according to its policies. It felt that frequent recourse to
agitations; protests and collective action are not good for
democracy.
(e) Supporters of the then Prime Minister also held that in a
democracy, one cannot continuously have extra-parliamentary
politics targeting the government. This leads to instability and
distracts the administration from its routine task of ensuring
development. (Any four points)

11. In the given outline political map of India, four states have been
marked as (A), (B), (C), (D). Identify these states on the basis of the
information given below and write their correct names in your
answer book along with their respective serial number of the
information used and the concerned alphabets as per the format
that follows: 1+1+1+1
(i)The state to which Minister for Communications in the first ministry of free
India belonged.
(ii) The state to which the former Prime Minister Morarji Desai was related
(iii). The state to which S. Nijalingappa belonged.
(iv)The state related to former Congress President K. Kamraj.
Sr. Number of the Alphabet Name of State
information used concerned
(i) A Uttar Pradesh
(ii) C Gujarat
(iii) B Karnataka
(iv) D Tamil Nadu

This question is for Visually impaired candidates only in lieu of

question no. 11.
11 A. What is the meaning of Defection in terms of Indian politics?
Describe any two demerits of defection. 2+2
Ans.11 A. The change of political loyalty by an elected public
representative is known as defection. In other words, when an elected
public representative leaves his political party and join otherparty due
to personal and political differences or makes a new political party or
vote against parent party without formally leaving the party, then it is
known as defection.
Demerits of defection -
(a) Opportunistic and unethical politics of anti-defection has
helped removing anti-social elements into active politics.
Buying of party defected elected representatives has increased
political corruption.
(b) Political opportunists have created division in political parties.
Central and State governments became victims of political
uncertainty. Political parties have become irresponsible and
thereby people have started losing faith on political parties and
their leaders.

Section-C

12. ‘Peace and prosperity of countries lay in establishing and

strengthening of regional economic organizations’. Critically evaluate
the statement. 1+1+1+1+1+1
Ans.12.
(a) The members of Regional organizations resolve their
mutual differences and adopt foreign trade policy, thus
give way to their economic development.
(b)Backward countries also get a chance for their
development and thus, employment also increases.
 (c) Standard of living of every country is improved.
(d)They get facilities of quality education, health and
transport.
(e) When the public gets satisfied, then its trust in Nation's
policy increases and thus along with its capability, also
corporates in its policies, which brings peace and
prosperity in a country.
(f) There are no chances of public outrage.
OR
Give an account of the changing role of state in the light of
Globalization. 1+1+1+1+1+1
Ans.
(a) Globalization results in an erosion of state capacity, i.e. the
ability of government to do what they do.
(b) All over the world, the old welfare state is now giving way to a
more minimalist state that performs certain core functions,
such as, the maintenance of law and order and the security of
its citizens.
(c) The entry and the increased role of multinational companies all
over the world leads to a reduction in the capacity of
government to take decisions on their own.
(d) Globalization has also reduced the power of states to decide
national and foreign policy voluntarily. They have been forced
to follow the policies and decisions of international
organizations.
(e) There has been a change in the role of the state in making and
implementing strict rules of import-export. Because
globalization is based on the concept of rapid flow of people,
things and ideas. Therefore, the barriers to permits, licenses
etc. have been reduced, due to which the role of the state has
also been reduced.
 (f) In some respects state capacity has received a boost as a
consequence of globalization, with enhanced technologies
available at the disposal of the state to collect information
about its citizen. With the information, the state is better able
to rule, not less able.

13. Critically evaluate the six main issues in Indian politics during the
21st century. 1+1+1+1+1+1
Ans.13.
(a) Triple Talaq: Rights of women and dignity were upheld in the
judgement and an end was put to the exploitation and insecurity
of women.
(b) Article 370: Special status of Jammu and Kashmir revoked,
reaffirming that it is an integral part of India.
(c) Farm Laws Repeal: There were a yearlong protest of farmers
largely across Punjab and Western Uttar Pradesh and
surmounting pressure on the government by Dharna in Delhi. This
led to the intervention of Judiciary and formation of an expert
committee. Finally, led to repeal .
(d) CAA-NRC Law: To fast rack citizenship for minorities in
neighboring states, however accumulated fears within Indian
communities which led to country wide protests. Judiciary had to
intervene. Finally, implementation was put on hold by the
government.
(e) Ram Janmabhoomi: This was a centuries long dispute and was
reignited in the 1990s.It shaped the discourse of Indian Politics(
rise of BJP).The case went to Supreme Court after Allahabad
Court's judgement in 2010. An expert committee was formed by
the Supreme Court. Finally judgement came in 2019 and the
matter was put to rest.
(f) Majoritarian government (single party) in 2014 and 2019, yet
followed the pre poll alliance (NDA).
OR
Discuss the impact of the relationship between the Judiciary and
the Executive during emergency period in India. 1+1+1+1+1+1
Ans.
The impact of the conflict between the Judiciary and the Executive
was as follows:
(a) The Indira Gandhi government brought in many changes in
Constitution that declared that election of Prime Minister,
President and Vice President could not be challenged in court.
(b) The government made extensive use of Preventive Detention.
(c) To give preference to Directive Principles of State Policy over
Fundamental Rights. Due to this provision, any person could be
deprived of even his fundamental rights. Along with this, this
amendment completely dwarfed the judiciary. At the same time,
immense powers were given to the legislature.
(d) The government also superseded the practices of the Supreme
Court in appointing its Chief Justice.
(e) The term of the Parliament was also increased from five years to
six years.
(f) Under the provisions of emergency, the various fundamental
rights of citizens stood suspended, including the right of citizens
to move the court for restoring their fundamental rights.
(g) Judiciary delivered various controversial judgements; did not
perform its role properly. No constitutional rule of law prevailed;
this was called as the dark period of democracy; no media
freedom and opposition was in jail. Judiciary and Executive acted
as one entity, with judiciary not keeping a check on the actions of
the executive. By way of 42nd Amendment, detention was
removed from judicial review. (Any six points)