Experiment No. 1: Yaggi-Uda and Log-Periodic Antenna Designs

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De La Salle University – Dasmariñas

College of Engineering Architecture and


Technology Academic Year 2020-2021
Second
Semester

Yaggi-Uda and Log-Periodic Antenna Designs


Experiment No. 1

Transmission Media and Antenna Systems


Laboratory
(T-ECET416LA)

Final Task Laboratory

Submitted By:
CASABUENA, Rica Mae S.
ECE 41

Submitted To:
Engr. Conrado Monzon

Transmission Media and Antenna Systems


Laboratory

February 1, 2021
Design the following antennas according to specifications:

1.) A seven-element Yagi-Uda antenna that will operate


in the VHF range with a center frequency at 145 MHz.

Calculations of length and distances of each element

FIGURE A – OPTIMIZED ELEMENTS FOR YAGI-UDA ANTENNAS FOR


DESIGN CALCULATIONS
8
c 3 x 10
a. λ= =
f 145 MHz

b. Boom Length¿ 2.2 ( λ )=2.2 ( 2.069 )

c. L1 = Reflector Length ¿ 0.482 ( λ )=0.482 ( 2.069 )

d. L2 = Driven Element Length ¿ 0.482 ( λ )=0.47 ( 2.069 )

e. L3 Length¿ 0.432 ( λ )=0.432 ( 2.069 )

f. L4 Length ¿ 0.415 ( λ ) =0.415 ( 2.069 )

g. L5 Length ¿ 0.407 ( λ )=0.407 ( 2.069 )

h. L6 Length ¿ 0.398 ( λ ) =0.398 ( 2.069 )

i. L7 Length ¿ 0.390 ( λ ) =0.390 ( 2.069 )

j. S = Spacing ¿ 0.2( λ)=0.2 (2.069 )

k. Diameter ¿ 0.0085( λ )

TABLE 1 – Parameters for Yagi Uda Antenna Design


Parameter Value
λ 2.069 m
Boom Length 4.552 m
Reflector Length (L1) 0.997 m
Driven Element Length (L2) 0.972 m
Director Length 1 (L3) 0.894 m
Director Length 2 (L4) 0.859 m
Director Length 3 (L5) 0.842 m
Director Length 4 (L6) 0.823 m
Director Length 5 (L7) 0.807 m
Spacing (S) 0.414 m
Diameter (D) 0.018 m
Technical drawing of the design with proper labels

FIGURE B – TECHNICAL DRAWING OF YAGI UDA ANTENNA DESIGN


2. A ten-element Log-Periodic antenna that will operate
in the 470-512 MHz UHF range.
Table source: Huang Y. Boyle,K (2008). Antenna; From
Theory to Practice. Page. 159

Given frequency range is 470-512 MHz, the following


equations may be used for the design.

CALCULATIONS:

Given: f-range = 470-512 MHz ; fmin = 470 MHz;

fmax = 512 MHz; N-elements = 10

 Antenna Length Ranges from L1 to LN


8
c
L1 ≥
f min
= 3 x 10
470 x 10
6 = 0.6383 m
8
c
LN ≤
f min
= 3 x 10
512 x 10
6 = 0.5859 m
Therefore, L1 should be greater than or equal to 0.6383 m
while LN should be less than or equal to 0.5859 m

 Length of the Elements

From table 5.5, a directivity of 9 dBi was chosen with


an optimum scaling factor of 0.918, spacing factor of 0.169
and apex angle of 12.13 degrees.

Given: Directivity = 9 dBi; r=0.918 ; σ = 0.169; α = 6.91 degrees

Using Equation (5.37), it can be derived to

L2=T L1 - Ln = T Ln+1

SOLUTION:

c 3 x 108
L1 = f min = 470 x 10
6 = 0.6383 m

L2 = T L1 = (0.918)(0.6383) = 0.5859 m
L3 = T L2 = (0.918)(0.5859 ) = 0.5378 m
L4 = T L3 = (0.918)(0.5378 ) = 0.4937 m
L5 = T L4 = (0.918)(0.4937) = 0.4532 m
L6 = T L5 = (0.918)(0.4532) = 0.4160 m
L7 = T L6 = (0.918)(0.4160) = 0.3819 m
L8 = T L7 = (0.918)(0.3819) = 0.3506 m
L9 = T L8 = (0.918)(0.3506) = 0.3219 m
L10 = T L9 = (0.918)(0.3219) = 0.2955 m
Is L1 ≥ 0.6383 m? YES
Is L10 ≤ 0.5859 m? YES

 Spacing Between the Elements


Given: Directivity = 9 dBi; r=0.918 ; σ = 0.169; α = 6.91 degrees

Formula: Spacing Factor

Using the Equation (5.38), it can be derived to


S1=2 L σ
1 = Sn = 2 Lnσ < 1
S1=2 L (0.169)
1 = 0.338 L1 = 0.338 Ln
SOLUTION:

S1 = (0.338)( L1 ¿ = (0.338)(0.6383 m) = 0.2157


S2 = (0.338)( L2 ¿ = (0.338)(0.5859 m) = 0.1980
S3 = (0.338)( L3 ¿ = (0.338)(0.5378 m) = 0.1818
S4 = (0.338)( L4 ¿ = (0.338)( 0.4937 m) = 0.1669
S5 = (0.338)( L5 ¿ = (0.338)(0.4532 m) = 0.1532
S6 = (0.338)( L6 ¿ = (0.338)( 0.4160 m) = 0.1406
S7 = (0.338)( L7 ¿ = (0.338)(0.3819 m) = 0.1291
S8 = (0.338)( L8 ¿ = (0.338)( 0.3506 m) = 0.1185
S9 = (0.338)( L9 ¿ = (0.338)(0.3219 m) = 0.1088
TOTAL LENGTH OF ANTENNA = S1 + S2 + ……+ S9 = 1.4129 m
 FEED GAP AT AN ELEMENT AND DIPOLE DIAMETERS
In accordance to Huang (2008), the feed gap at an element and
dipole diameter should also be scaled.This is hard to obtain in
practical applications. Notably, due to the reason that these two
parameters do not significantly affect the directivity and radiation
pattern we can use different metal tubes and poles to make our
antenna. It is not uncommon to use a constant gap, which means a
matching circuit may be needed if the antenna is not completely
matched with the feed line.

Note: Center frequency is accordance to the frequency range.


Frequency range : 470-512 MHz
Center Frequency : 491 MHz

 Inactive Transmission Line Region (Ln <λ/2)

 Has a very small current

 In this region, elements provide capacitive impedance and this


is the region where length of dipole is less than λ/2

 Element Spacing in this region is comparatively small.

8
3 x 10
λ
Ln < = 491 x 10
6
= 0.3055 m
2
2
 Active Region (Ln = λ/2)

 Dipole offers resistive impedance and its length is equal to λ/2)


(Resonant Length)

 The value of current is very large and it is in-phase with the


base voltage

λ
Ln = = 0.3055 m
2

 Inactive Stop Region ((Ln > λ/2)


Table 3: 10-Element Log Periodic Antenna Design Element Specifications

Region Element Notatio Length/ Notation Between


n Elements
Height
Inactive 1 L1 0.6383 m S0 0
Stop
Region 2 L2 5859 m S1 0.2157
3 L3 0.5378 m S2 0.1980
4 L4 0.4937 m S3 0.1818
5 L5 0.4532 m S4 0.1669
6 L6 0.4160 m S5 0.1532
7 L7 0.3819 m S6 0.1406
8 L8 0.3506 m S7 0.1291
Active 9 L9 0.3219 m S8 0.1185
Region
Inactive 10 L10 0.2955 m S9 0.1088
Stop
Region
λ
Ln > = 0.3055 m
2

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