NEET

Syllabus and Topic-wise weightage

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BIOLOGY

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 TOPICS COVERED IN CLASS XI

UNIT I: Diversity in Living World

Details:
 What is living? ; Biodiversity; Need for classification; Three domains of life;
Taxonomy & Systematics; Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy;
Binomial nomenclature; Tools for study of Taxonomy – Museums, Zoos,
Herbaria, Botanical gardens.

 Five kingdom classification; salient features and classification of Monera; Protista

and Fungi into major groups; Lichens; Viruses and Viroids.

 Salient features and classification of plants into major groups-Algae, Bryophytes,

Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms (three to five salient and
distinguishing features and at least two examples of each category); Angiosperms-
classification up to class, characteristic features and examples).

 Salient features and classification of animals-nonchordate up to phyla level and

chordate up to classes level (three to five salient features and at least two
examples).

UNIT II: Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants

Details:
 Morphology and modifications; Tissues; Anatomy and functions of different parts
of flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence- cymose and recemose,
flower, fruit and seed (To be dealt along with the relevant practical of the
Practical Syllabus).

 Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems

(digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect
(cockroach). (Brief account only)

UNIT III: Cell Structure and Function

Details:
 Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; Structure of prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cell; Plant cell and animal cell; Cell envelope, cell membrane, cell
wall; Cell organelles-structure and function; Endomembrane system-endoplasmic
reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids,
micro bodies; Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultra structure and
function); Nucleus-nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus.

 Chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules-structure and function of

proteins, carbodydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; Enzymes-types, properties, enzyme
action.
 B Cell division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance.

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UNIT IV: Plant Physiology
Details:-
 Transport in plants: Movement of water, gases and nutrients; Cell to cell
transport-Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport; Plant – water relations
– Imbibition, water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis; Long distance transport of
water – Absorption, apoplast, symplast, transpiration pull, root pressure and
guttation; Transpiration-Opening and closing of stomata; Uptake and
translocation of mineral nutrients-Transport of food, phloem transport, Mass flow
hypothesis; Diffusion of gases (brief mention).

 Mineral nutrition: Essential minerals, macro and micronutrients and their role;
Deficiency symptoms; Mineral toxicity; Elementary idea of Hydroponics as a
method to study mineral nutrition; Nitrogen metabolism-Nitrogen cycle,
biological nitrogen fixation.

 Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis as a means of Autotrophic nutrition; Site of

photosynthesis take place; pigments involved in Photosynthesis (Elementary
idea); Photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; Cyclic and non
cyclic and photophosphorylation; Chemiosmotic hypothesis; Photorespiration C3
and C4 pathways; Factors affecting photosynthesis.

 Respiration: Exchange gases; Cellular respiration-glycolysis, fermentation

(anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); Energy relations-
Number of ATP molecules generated; Amphibolic pathways; Respiratory
quotient.

 Plant growth and development: Seed germination; Phases of Plant growth and
plant growth rate; Conditions of growth; Differentiation, dedifferentiation and
redifferentiation; Sequence of developmental process in a plant cell; Growth
regulators-auxin,gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA; Seed dormancy;
Vernalisation; Photoperiodism.

UNIT IV: Human Physiology

Details:-
 Digestion and absorption; Alimentary canal and digestive glands; Role of digestive
enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones; Peristalsis, digestion, absorption and
assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; Caloric value of proteins,
carbohydrates and fats; Egestion; Nutritional and digestive disorders – PEM,
indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhea.
 Breathing and Respiration: Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory
system in humans; Mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans-Exchange of
gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration Respiratory volumes; Disorders
related to respiration-Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational respiratory disorders.
 Body fluids and circulation: Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of
blood; Composition of lymph and its function; Human circulatory system-Structure of
human heart and blood vessels; Cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG, Double
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 circulation; Regulation of cardiac activity; Disorders of circulatory system-
Hypertension, Coronary artery disease, Angina pectoris, Heart failure.
 Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion- Ammonotelism,
ureotelism, uricotelism; Human excretory system-structure and fuction; Urine
formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of kidney function-Renin-angiotensin, Atrial
Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes insipidus; Role of other organs in excretion;
Disorders; Uraemia, Renal failure, Renal calculi, Nephritis; Dialysis and artificial
kidney.
 Locomotion and Movement: Types of movement- ciliary, fiagellar, muscular;
Skeletal muscle- contractile proteins and muscle contraction; Skeletal system and its
functions (To be dealt with the relevant practical of Practical syllabus); Joints;
Disorders of muscular and skeletal system-Myasthenia gravis, Tetany, Muscular
dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout.
 Neural control and coordination: Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans-
central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system;
Generation and conduction of nerve impulse; Reflex action; Sense organs; Elementary
structure and function of eye and ear.
 Chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones; Human
endocrine system-Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal,
Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of hormone action (Elementary Idea); Role of hormones
as messengers and regulators, Hypo-and hyperactivity and related disorders (Common
disorders e.g. Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, goiter, exopthalmic goiter, diabetes,
Addison’s disease).

(Imp: Diseases and disorders mentioned above to be dealt in brief.)

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 CONTENTS OF CLASS XII SYLLABUS

UNIT I: Reproduction

Details:-
 Reproduction in organisms: Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all
organisms for continuation of species; Modes of reproduction – Asexual and
sexual; Asexual reproduction; Modes-Binary fission, sporulation, budding,
gemmule, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in plants.

 Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; Development of male

and female gametophytes; Pollination-types, agencies and examples; Outbreeding
devices; Pollen-Pistil interaction; Double fertilization; Post fertilization events-
Development of endosperm and embryo, Development of seed and formation of
fruit; Special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of
seed and fruit formation.

 Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic

anatomy of testis and ovary; Gametogenesis-spermatogenesis & oogenesis;
Menstrual cycle; Fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation,
implantation; Pregnancy and placenta formation (Elementary idea); Parturition
(Elementary idea); Lactation (Elementary idea).

 Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually

transmitted diseases (STD); Birth control-Need and Methods, Contraception and
Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; Infertility and assisted
reproductive technologies – IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general
awareness).

UNIT II: Genetics and Evolution

Details:-
 Heredity and variation: Mendelian Inheritance; Deviations from Mendelism-
Incomplete dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple alleles and Inheritance of blood
groups, Pleiotropy; Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; Chromosome
theory of inheritance; Chromosomes and genes; Sex determination-In humans,
birds, honey bee; Linkage and crossing over; Sex linked inheritance-Haemophilia,
Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans-Thalassemia; Chromosomal
disorders in humans; Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes.

 Molecular basis of Inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic
material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central
dogma; Transcription, genetic code, translation; Gene expression and regulation-
Lac Operon; Genome and human genome project; DNA finger printing.

 Evolution: Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidences for biological

evolution from Paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular
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 evidence); Darwin’s contribution, Modern Synthetic theory of Evolution;
Mechanism of evolution-Variation (Mutation and Recombination) and Natural
Selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift;
Hardy-Weinberg’s principle; Adaptive Radiation; Human evolution.

UNIT III: Biology and Human Welfare

Details:-
 Health and Disease; Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria,
Filariasis, Ascariasis. Typhoid, Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring
worm); Basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; Cancer, HIV and AIDS;
Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse.

 Improvement in food production; Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell

protein, Biofortification; Apiculture and Animal husbandry.

 Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production,

sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.

UNIT IV: Biotechnology and Its Applications

Details:-
 Principles and process of Biotechnology: Genetic engineering (Recombinant
DNA technology).

 Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and

vaccine production, gene therapy; Genetically modified organisms-Bt crops;
Transgenic Animals; Biosafety issues-Biopiracy and patents.

UNIT V: Ecology and environment

Details:-
 Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche; Population and ecological
adaptations; Population interactions-mutualism, competition, predation,
parasitism; Population attributes-growth, birth rate and death rate, age
distribution.
 Ecosystem: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; Energy flow;
Pyramids of number, biomass, energy; Nutrient cycling (carbon and
phosphorous); Ecological succession; Ecological Services-Carbon fixation,
pollination, oxygen release.

 Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of Biodiversity; Patterns of

Biodiversity; Importance of Biodiversity; Loss of Biodiversity; Biodiversity
conservation; Hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book,
biosphere reserves, National parks and sanctuaries.

 Environmental issues: Air pollution and its control; Water pollution and its
control; Agrochemicals and their effects; Solid waste management; Radioactive
waste management; Greenhouse effect and global warning; Ozone depletion;
Deforestation; Any three case studies as success stories addressing environmental
issues.
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 NEET TOPIC WISE WEIGHTAGE FOR BIOLOGY

Number of
Weightage in
Name of the topic questions asked
percentile
(Approx.)
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 0-1 2
Animal Kingdom 2 7
Biodiversity and Conservation 1 3
Biological Classification 0-1 2
Biomolecules 1 4
Biotechnology and its Applications 1 3

Biotechnology: Principles and Processes 3

1
Body Fluids and Circulation 0-1 1

Breathing and Exchange of Gases 0-1 2

Cell Cycle and Cell Division 0-1 2

Cell: The Unit of Life, Biomolecules 0-1 2

Chemical Coordination and Integration 1 4

Digestion and Absorption 1 3

Ecosystem 0-1 2
Environmental Issues 0-1 2
Evolution 0-1 2
Excretory Products and their Elimination 0-1 2

Human Health and Disease 1 3

Human Reproduction 1 3
Locomotion and Movement 0-1 2

Microbes in Human Welfare 0-1 2

Mineral Nutrition 0-1 1
Molecular Basis of Inheritance 2 6

Morphology of Flowering Plants 1 5

Neural Control and Coordination 0-1 2

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Organisms and Populations 0-1 2

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants 0-1 2

Plant Growth and Development 0-1 1

Plant Kingdom 1 4

Principles and Inheritance and Variation 5

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Reproduction in Organisms 0-1 1
Reproductive Health 0-1 2
Respiration in Plants 0-1 1
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants 1 5

Strategies for Enhancement in Food

2
Production 0-1
Structural Organisation in Animals 0-1 2
The Living World 0-1 2
Transport in Plants 0-1 1
Total 90 100