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Advanced Engineering Mathematics MKMM 1213: C23-316 Ibthisham@utm - My

This document discusses four partial differential equations: the heat equation, Laplace equation, and wave equation. It provides background on partial differential equations and the method of separation of variables to solve linear PDEs. For each equation, it defines the variables, presents the equation, and provides an example application involving heat transfer, steady state heat, or vibrating strings.

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mudabbir muhammad
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57 views

Advanced Engineering Mathematics MKMM 1213: C23-316 Ibthisham@utm - My

This document discusses four partial differential equations: the heat equation, Laplace equation, and wave equation. It provides background on partial differential equations and the method of separation of variables to solve linear PDEs. For each equation, it defines the variables, presents the equation, and provides an example application involving heat transfer, steady state heat, or vibrating strings.

Uploaded by

mudabbir muhammad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

MKMM 1213

DR. MOHD IBTHISHAM ARDANI


C23-316
ibthisham@utm.my

1
16
CHAPTER

Partial Differential Equations


• Background
• Heat equation
• Laplace equation
• Wave equation

2
16.1 Background
16.1 Background

Background
• PDEs from applied maths will be discussed
• Develop a method to find their explicit
solutions
• The method of separation of variables will
be revisited along with Fourier series
A partial differential equation (PDE)
-Involve one or more partial derivatives of an
(unknown) function
-Call it u, that depends on two or more
variables
-Time t and one or several variables in space
-The order of the highest derivative is called
the order of the PDE.

Just as for ordinary differential equations


(ODEs) we say that a PDE is linear if it
is of the first degree in the unknown
function u and its partial derivatives.
Otherwise we call it nonlinear
16.1 Background

Separation of variables
• A useful tool to solve linear PDEs
• Assume 𝑢 𝑥, 𝑡 = 𝐹 𝑥 𝐺(𝑡)
• Involves reducing the analysis of PDE to
the analysis of two ODEs
16.1 Background

Separation of variables
16.2 Vibrating String: Wave
Equation
16.4 Wave Equation

Wave Equation
16.4 Wave Equation

Wave Equation
ρ-mass per unit length
T-Tension
Free body diagram
& Newton second
law

Infinite series of solution


B.C B.C

Solution to If the initial speed equal to 0, no


B*n. Therefore….
16.3Heat Flow from a Body in
Space: Heat Equation
Heat Equation
Heat Equation
Heat Equation

𝜕𝑇 𝜕2𝑇
𝜌𝑐𝑝 =𝑘 2
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥
𝑇: temperature
𝑡: time 𝑇 0, 𝑡 = 0 Known
𝑇 𝐿, 𝑡 = 0 temp.
𝑥 : position
𝑘: constant 𝑇 𝑥, 0 = 𝑓(𝑥)
Heat Equation

Heat Equation

• A thin bar placed along the x-axis of homogeneous


material
• 𝑇 𝑥, 𝑡 represent the temperature of cross sections of the
bar at position 𝑥 and at time 𝑡
• Heat equation describes temperature of the bar where heat
transfer takes place.
Both ends fix temperature (0oC) Both ends insulated
16.4 Steady Two Dimensional
Heat Problem: Laplace Equation
Laplace Equation
Laplace Equation
b=1 f(x)=1

a=2
Increasing f(x), will increase the top line temperature
High

Low

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