Finite Element Method 2/1/2015

1. Solve the deflection and stresses in the given truss manually by FEM, if both angles are 60 o and
the length of each member is 4m. The area is A=20cm2 and E=2.1x1011pa. A vertical load of 80kN
and horizontal force 60kN are applied as shown and the supports at the left and right are hinged
and roller as shown.

Here the numbers at the joints indicate

3
60 kN
the node number and the element
numbers at the middle of the lines.
80 kN
Nodes -elements and angle- elements
connectivity table:

3 2

o o
60 60
1
1 2

Element Node (i) Node (j) Angle (Ө)

(1) 1 2 0
(2) 2 3 60
(3) 1 3 120

Now let’s calculate the stiffness matrix of the elements:

Hence we have a constant cross section and length

𝐸𝐴 2.1∗10𝑒11∗20
𝑘= Then 𝑘 = 𝑘 =105*1006N/m
𝑙 4∗10000

The stiffness matrix[𝐾]𝑒 for any member or element

cos2 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 −cos 2 𝜃 −sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃

[𝐾]𝑒 = 𝑘 [ sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin2 𝜃 − sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 − sin2 𝜃 ]
2
−cos 𝜃 −sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 cos2 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
−sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 − sin2 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin2 𝜃

By Addis A. and Zelalem E. Page 1

Finite Element Method 2/1/2015

f1y, v1 f2y, v2

f1x, u1 f2x, u2

𝑐2 𝑠𝑐 −𝑐 2 − 𝑠𝑐
2
[𝐾]𝑒 = 𝑘 [ 𝑠𝑐2 𝑠2 −𝑠𝑐 −𝑠 ]
−𝑐 −𝑠𝑐 𝑐 2 𝑠𝑐
2
−𝑠𝑐 −𝑠 2 𝑠𝑐 𝑠
U1 V1 U2 V2

1 0 −1 0 U1
0 0 0 0 V1
[𝐾](1) = 𝑘[ ] ………………. (1)
−1 0 1 0 U2
0 0 0 0 V2
For element (2) =120°

f3y, v3

edof(5,6) f3x, u3

Ө =120°

edof(3,4) f2x, u2

f2y, v2

cos2 120 sin 120 cos 120 −cos2 120 −sin 120 cos 120
[𝐾]𝑒 = 𝑘 [ sin 120 2cos 120 sin2 120 − sin 120 cos 120 − sin2 120 ]
−cos 120 −sin 120 cos 120 cos2 12 0 sin 120 cos 120
−sin 120 cos 120 − sin2 120 sin 120 cos 120 sin2 120
U2V2U3V3

0.25 −0.433 −0.25 0.433 U2

[𝐾](2) −0.433 0.75 0.433 −0.75 V2
= 𝑘[ ] …………………… (2)
−0.25 0.433 0.25 −0.433 U3
0.433 −0.75 −0.433 0.75 V3
For element (3) Ө=60°

F3y, v3

F3x, u3

By Addis A. and Zelalem E. Page 2

Finite Element Method 2/1/2015

f1y, v1

f1x, u1

cos 2 60 sin 60 cos 60 −cos 2 60 −sin 60 cos 60

[𝐾]𝑒 = 𝑘 [ sin 60 cos 60 sin2 60 − sin 60 cos 60 − sin2 60 ]
−cos 2 60 −sin 60 cos 60 cos 2 6 0 sin 60 cos 60
−sin 60 cos 60 − sin2 60 sin 60 cos 60 sin2 60

U1V1U3V3

0.25 0.433 −0.25 −0.433 U1

[𝐾](3) 0.433 0.75 −0.433 −0.75 V1
= 𝑘[ ] ………………….. (3)
−0.25 −0.433 0.25 0.433 U3
−0.433 −0.75 0.433 0.75 V3
➢ Now let us position each stiffens matrix in to the global matrix
U1 V1 U2 V2 0 0

1 0 −10 0 0 U1
0 0 00 0 0 V1
−1 0 10 0 0 U2
[𝐾](1) =𝑘
0 0 00 0 0 V2
0 0 00 0 0 0
[ 0 0 00 0 0] 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0.25 −0.433 −0.25 0.433 U2
[𝐾](2) =𝑘
0 0 −0.433 0.75 0.433 −0.75 V2
0 0 −0.25 0.433 0.25 −0.433 U3
[0 0 0.433 −0.75 −0.433 0.75 ] V3

0.25 0.433 0 0 −0.25 −0.433 U1

0.433 0.75 0 0 −0.433 −0.75 V1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[𝐾](3) =𝑘
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
−0.25 −0.433 0 0 0.25 0.433 U3
[ −0.433 −0.75 0 0 0.433 0.75 ] V3
➢ Assemble the elements to present the entire problems construct the global stiffness matrix

By Addis A. and Zelalem E. Page 3

Finite Element Method 2/1/2015

U1V1U2V2U3V3

1.25 0.433 −1 0 −0.25 −0.433 𝑈1

0.433 0.75 0 0 −0.433 −0.75 𝑉1
[𝐾](𝐺) −1 0 1.25 −0.433 −0.25 0.433 𝑈2
=𝑘 ……… (4)
0 0 −0.433 0.75 0.433 −0.75 𝑉2
−0.25 −0.433 −0.25 0.433 0.5 0 𝑈3
[ −0.433 −0.75 0.433 −0.75 0 1.5 ] 𝑉3
𝑈
{𝐹}=[K]G { }
𝑉

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

𝑓1𝑥 1.25 0.433 −1 0 −0.25 −0.433 𝑈1

𝑓1𝑦 0.433 0.75 0 0 −0.433 −0.75 𝑉1
𝑓2𝑥 −1 0 1.25 −0.433 −0.25 0.433 𝑈2
= 𝐾 𝑉2 …………….. (5)
𝑓2𝑦 0 0 −0.433 0.75 0.433 −0.75
𝑓3𝑥 −0.25 −0.433 −0.25 0.433 0.5 0 𝑈3
{𝑓3𝑦 } [ −0.433 −0.75 0.433 −0.75 0 1.5 ] { 𝑉3}

➢ Apply the boundary conditions

U1=V1=V2=0 and no external force at node (2)f2x=0

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

𝐹1𝑥 1.25 0.433 −1 0 −0.25 −0.433 𝑈1

𝐹1𝑦 0.433 0.75 0 0 −0.433 −0.75 𝑉1
𝐹2𝑥 −1 0 1.25 −0.433 −0.25 0.433 𝑈2
𝐹2𝑦 = 𝐾 0 0 −0.433 0.75 0.433 −0.75 𝑉2 …………….. (6)
𝐹3𝑥 −0.25 −0.433 −0.25 0.433 0.5 0 𝑈3
{𝐹3𝑦 } [ −0.433 −0.75 0.433 −0.75 0 1.5 ] 𝑉3}
{

➢ The reduced matrix equation to solve for unknown displacements is:

𝐹2𝑥 1.25 −0.25 0.433 𝑈2

{𝐹3𝑥 } = 𝑘 [−0.25 0.5 0 ] {𝑈3 } … … … … . . (7)
𝐹3𝑦 0.433 0 1.5 𝑉3

From equation (7)

𝑓2𝑥
= 1.25𝑈2 − 0.25𝑈3 + 0.433𝑉2 , f2x=0
𝑘

0= 1.25𝑈2 − 0.25𝑈3 + 0.433𝑉2…………………. (a)

By Addis A. and Zelalem E. Page 4

Finite Element Method 2/1/2015

𝑓3𝑥 60,000
= −0.25𝑈2 + 0.5𝑈3 + 0, f3x=60 kN10.5∗107 = 0.00057143 = −0.25𝑈2 +
𝑘
0.5𝑈3 … … … … … … … … (𝑏)
𝑓3𝑦
= 0.433𝑈2 + 0𝑈3 + 1.5𝑉3, f3y=80 kN
𝑘

−80,000
= −0.000761904 = 0.433𝑈2 +0+1.5𝑉3…………...(c)
10.5∗107

Write 𝑈3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉3 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑈2

From equation (b)

𝑈3 = 0.00114286 + 0.5𝑈2 … … … … … … . (𝑑)

From equation (c)

𝑉3 = −0.000507936 − 0.2886667𝑈2 … … … … … … (𝑒)

By substituting (d ) and (e) in equation (a)

0= 1.25𝑈2 − 0.25𝑈3 + 0.433𝑉2

0= 1.25𝑈2 − 0.25(0.00114286 + 0.5𝑈2 ) + 0.433(−0.0005𝑧07936 − 0.2886667𝑈2 )

0=𝑈2 − 0.000505651

𝑈2 = 0.000505651𝑚

𝑈2 = 0.505651𝑚𝑚

= 0.505651𝑚𝑚…………………………………………………..………Answer

𝑈3 = 0.00114286 + 0.5𝑈2 = 0.00114286 + 0.5(0.00050561)

=0.001395685m=1.395685mm…………………………………………….. Answer

𝑉3 = −0.000507936 − 0.2886667𝑈2 = −0.000507936 − 0.2886667(0.000505651)

=0.00065391m =-0.65391mm…………………………………………Answer

➢ The deflections are 𝑈2 = 0.505651𝑚𝑚

𝑈3=1.395685mm

𝑉3=-0.65391mm

The stress 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑠.

By Addis A. and Zelalem E. Page 5

Finite Element Method 2/1/2015

For element(1)

∈𝐴 ∈𝐴
𝑓2 = (𝑢2− 𝑢1 ) = (𝑈2− 𝑈1 ) , 𝑈2 = 𝑢2
𝐿 𝐿
𝑈1 = 𝑢1 = 0
𝑓2 ∈
𝜎1 = = (𝑈 𝑈 )
𝐴 𝐿 2− 1
∈𝑈2 1011 𝑁 0.000505651𝑚 𝑁
𝜎1 = =2.1* ∗ =26546677.5
𝐿 𝑚2 4𝑚 𝑚2
=26.5466775*106 𝑁/𝑚2 ………………………………………. Answer

Forelement(2)

𝑢2 = −𝑈2 cos 60°

𝑢3 = −𝑈3 cos 60° + 𝑉3 sin 60°

𝑓3 = 𝑘(𝑢2 −𝑢3 )
∈𝐴
𝑓3 = (−𝑈3 cos 60° + 𝑉3 sin 60° +𝑈2 cos 60° )
𝐿
𝑓3 𝐸
𝜎2 = = (cos 60°(𝑈2 − 𝑈3 ) +
𝐴 𝐿
2.1*1011 N/m2
𝑉3 sin 60° )= [cos 60°(0.000505651-0.001395685)+(-0.00065391) sin 60°]
4m

= -53094142.5N/𝑚2

= -53.0941425*106 𝑁/𝑚2 ………………………………………………. Answer

For element (3)

𝑢1 = 𝑈1 cos 60° + 𝑉1 sin 60° = 0

𝑢3 = 𝑈3 cos 60° + 𝑉3 sin 60°

∈𝐴
𝑓1 = (𝑢1− 𝑢3 )
𝐿
∈𝐴
𝑓1 = (−𝑈3 cos 60° − 𝑉3 sin 60° )
𝐿
By Addis A. and Zelalem E. Page 6
Finite Element Method 2/1/2015

𝑓3 −𝑓1 −∈
𝜎3 = = = (−𝑈3 cos 60° − 𝑉3 sin 60° )
𝐴 𝐴 𝐿
−2.1∗1011 𝑁/𝑚2
= [− 0.001395685 cos 60° − (−0.00065391) sin 60°]𝑚
4𝑚

= 6905840.981N/𝑚2

= 6.905840981*106 N/𝑚2 ………………………………………………. Answer

By Addis A. and Zelalem E. Page 7