PROJECT : KANDLA-GORAKHPUR LPG GAS PIPELINE ,GROUP-17

CLIENT :
PMC
CLIENT :
OWNER IHB LTD. CROSSING NAME : U/C EXPRESSWAY (NH)
EPMC INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED CHAINAGE : 382+447.65 KM
CONTRACTOR : SPUR INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. DOC. NO. : 9200=12200-30107-007-00 219
CALCULATION REQUIRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH ANSI CODE B31.8 FOR GAS TRANSMISSION ACROSS PIPELINE FOR THE INSTALLATION OF
PIPES BY HDD ARE AS FOLLOWS :
Pipe Dia 12.75 " D 32.39 cm Given
Wall Thickness t 0.9525 cm Given
Internal Dia d 30.49 cm Calculated
Pipe Grade 46 Grade Given
Specified Min. Yield Strength S 3234.12 Kg/cm² Given
Cross sectional Area Πx(D²-d²)/4 As 94.07 cm² Calculated
Moment of Inertia Πx(D⁴-d⁴)/64 I 11632.35 cm⁴ Calculated
Section Modulus of steel pipe Z 718.268 cm³ Calculated
Weight of Empty pipe in Air Wp 0.7385 Kg/cm Calculated
Weight of Water filled in the pipe in air Ww 1.468 Kg/cm Calculated
Modulus of Elasticity E 2039000 Kg/cm² Standard
Soil friction Angle 30 Degrees Standard
Pre Hydrotest Pressure Prh 171 Kg/cm² Calculated
Post Hydrotest pressure Poh 127 Kg/cm² Calculated
Operating Pressure of Pipeline Pd 90.71 Kg/cm² Given
Length of Crossing (Pilot Curved Length) Lc 30630 cm Profile
Pipe String Length (HDD Curved Length) Ls 28500 cm Profile
Entry Angle 8 Degrees Designed
Exit Angle 8 Degrees Designed
Poisson's ratio µ 0.3 Standard
Fluid drag coeff (between slurry and pipe) f 0.0035 Kg/cm² Standard
OWNER IHB LTD. CROSSING NAME : U/C EXPRESSWAY (NH)
EPMC INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED CHAINAGE : 382+447.65 KM
CONTRACTOR : SPUR INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. DOC. NO. : 9200=12200-30107-007-00 219
Coeff of friction between pipe and soil f' 0.3 Standard
Buoyant weight of pipe w 0.178 Kg/cm Calculated
Density of bentonite used Db 0.001112 Kg/cm³ Standard
Max depth of crossing from Entry ground level(A) h 775 cm Given
Column height from water level to pipe level (B) hw 0 cm Given
Maximum height of soil above pipe ( C ) hs 1148 cm Given
Soil Density Ds 0.00266 Kg/cm³
Water Density Dw 0.001 Kg/cm³ Standard
Steel Density Dsteel 0.00785 Kg/cm³ Standard
Coeff of Linear Expansion α 0.0000117 /°C Standard
Difference in temperature during operation δΤ 30 Assumed
Proposed ROC R 45000 cm Calculated
Hoop Stress Limitation 95% of SMYS Given
Bending Stress Limitation 95% of SMYS Given
Surface area of pipe 2πrx(Ls+r) 2901699.24 cm² Calculated
Rig Pulling Capacity 32 Tons To be used
Conveyor Spacing S 1200 cm Assumed
Skid Spacing Ss 600 cm Assumed
Friction factor (On Conveyor) Fc 0.2 Assumed
Conduit pipe outer Dia. 0 cm
Conduit pipe inner Dia. 0 cm
Conduit pipe Wall Thickness 0 cm
Coss sectional area 0.00 cm²
Conduit pipe Weight 0.00 Kg/cm
Surface area of HDPE pipe 0 cm²
Buoyant weight of HDPE pipe 0 Kg/cm
OWNER IHB LTD. CROSSING NAME : U/C EXPRESSWAY (NH)
EPMC INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED CHAINAGE : 382+447.65 KM
CONTRACTOR : SPUR INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. DOC. NO. : 9200=12200-30107-007-00 219

Notes & Calculations

GIVEN :
To Install 32.39 cm X 0.9525 cm W.T. API 5L Gr. X 46 Steel pipeline by Horizontal Directional
Drilling technique as perASME B31.8
REFERENCE :
i) ASME B31.8 for Gas Transmissions in Pipelines
ii) Angle of Soil Shearing resistance ASTM D-3080 methods (30 Degrees)
iii) Average coeff of friction between pipe & soil : recommended values between 0.21 to 0.30 (Maidla)
Maidla, EE : " Borehole friction assessment and application to oilfield casing design in directional wells"
Ph D. Thesis, Louisiana State University (1987)
iv) Drag coeff of friction taken as 0.05 psi (Empirical)
v) Soil investigation data
CALCULATION :

OVERBURDEN PRESSURE AND COLLAPSE PRESSURE

The collapse pressure (Pc) is determined from the theoretical elastic curve equation

Pc = 2E/[(1-µ²)(D/t)(D/t-1)²] = 120.97 Kg/cm²

D/t = 34.0
The collapse pressure , Pc = 120.97 Kg/cm² Po/Pc = 3.24 %

The maximum overburden pressure

Po = (hXDb+hsXDs+hwXDw)
Po = 3.92 Kg/cm²
Which is compare with Collapse pressure is to be negligible.
OWNER IHB LTD. CROSSING NAME : U/C EXPRESSWAY (NH)
EPMC INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED CHAINAGE : 382+447.65 KM
CONTRACTOR : SPUR INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. DOC. NO. : 9200=12200-30107-007-00 219
BOUYANCY OF PIPE
Displacement of pipeline in drilling mud where volume
V= πXD²/4
Where D is outside diameter of pipe
V= 823.97 cc/linear cm.
BUOYANCY
Buoyancy by bentonite in drilling
B= 0.92 Kg/cm
NET BUOYANCY
Net Buoyany (w) when pipeline is empty and fully submerged
= (B-Wp)
= 0.178 Kg/cm of force
COATING STRESSES
The maximum shear stress in the pipeline coating during installation depends upon relative movements of the pipelines and
the surrounding soil. Using bentonite mud, the low-friction soil-coating interface will be at a minimum .

Coating Failure Check

PE coating Resistance = 2.5 Kg/cm²
Longitudinal Soil Stress Τ = N(2-sinδ)tanδ
Where
N is the force normal to the pipeline due to buoyancy
= 0.178 Kg/cm
Friction Angle (δ) = 30 ° as per soil investigation report
N = N/(30/360XπXD)
= 0.020966 Kg/cm²

2-sin30° = 1.5
Τ = (NX1.5Xtan30°)
= 0.018 Kg/cm²
Which is negligible as compared to the adhesive force of 2.5 Kg/sq. cm so Coating is safe.
OWNER IHB LTD. CROSSING NAME : U/C EXPRESSWAY (NH)
EPMC INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED CHAINAGE : 382+447.65 KM
CONTRACTOR : SPUR INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. DOC. NO. : 9200=12200-30107-007-00 219

MAX STRESS DURING PULL

Allowable stress = 95% of SMYS
T = 0.95XSXAs
= 289029.782 Kg
Check for Tensile Stress
Max long stress that can be applied by Rig = Rig capacity in Kg/As
= 340.16 Kg/cm²
= 10.52 % of SMYS
Since maximum Tensile stress is less than allowable stress and within limits and thus safe
Check for Bending Stress
For Bending Stress during installation at ROC = 45000 cm
= ED/2R
Where E is Modulus of Elasticity
D is Outside diameter
R is proposed ROC
= 733.81 Kg/cm²
22.69 % of SMYS
Since maximum Bending stress is less than allowable stress and within limits and thus safe.
RADIUS OF CURVATURE
Pulling Load = 0
Bending Load = 95% of SMYS during Overbend or on Rollers
Hoop Stresses = 95% of SMYS on ground before overbend

Before Installation
Min. Radius for Temporary Pipe Handling
Limiting SMYS = 95%
Bending Stress S = ED/2R
Where E is Modulus of Elasticity
D is Outside diameter
OWNER IHB LTD. CROSSING NAME : U/C EXPRESSWAY (NH)
EPMC INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED CHAINAGE : 382+447.65 KM
CONTRACTOR : SPUR INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. DOC. NO. : 9200=12200-30107-007-00 219

R = ED/2x(95% of SMYS)
R = 10747.77 cm
= 107.48 m
= 107.48 X 1.85 (Taking multiplication factor of 1.85)
= 198.83 m
During Installation
Max Load by Rig (P) = 32 Tons
P=F/As = 340.16 Kg/cm²
Bending Stress Radius 45000
= 733.81 Kg/cm²
Hydrotest Stress = 0
Total Stress = 1073.98 Kg/cm²
Total percent of SMYS = 33.21 %

After Installation
Bending Stress at ROC = ED/2R
Longitudinal Stress at Test Pressure = pd/4t
Pulling Load = 0
Min Radius for Permanent Pipe Installation
Radius of Curvature = ED/2/([(S*SMYS)-(pD/4t)]
Here S is design factor of 0.5
p is post hydrotest pressure of pipeline
D is Outside diameter of pipeline = 33021605.0 / [ 1617.06 - 771.15
= 39036.97 cm
= 390.37 m
Permanent Stress at proposed ROC = ED/2R
= 733.81 Kg/cm²
Longitudinal Stress at Test Pressure pressure = pD/4t
= 771.15 Kg/cm²
OWNER IHB LTD. CROSSING NAME : U/C EXPRESSWAY (NH)
EPMC INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED CHAINAGE : 382+447.65 KM
CONTRACTOR : SPUR INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. DOC. NO. : 9200=12200-30107-007-00 219

Total Stress = 1504.97 Kg/cm²

Stresses as percent of SMYS = 46.53 %
Which is less than 95% of SMYS,hence SAFE

COMBINED EQUIVALENT STRESSES

Before Installation
Hoop Stress Sh = pD/2t
Test Pressure Prh = 171 Kg/cm²
Sh = 2907.45 Kg/cm²
= 89.90 % of SMYS
Since pipe is on ground there is no bending stress.

MAXIMUM EQUIVALENT STRESS DURING FINAL HYDROTEST

Pressure at Final Hydrotest (Poh) = 127 Kg/cm²
Hoop Stress Sh = 2907.45 Kg/cm²
Bending Stress at proposed radius Sb = ED/2R
= 733.81 Kg/cm²
Combined Long stress SL1 = µ X Sh-Eα.δΤ + Sb
= 872.23 - 0 + 733.81
= 1606.05 Kg/cm² (Here δΤ=0)

Combined Long Stress SL2 = µ X Sh-Eα.δΤ - Sb

= 872.23 - 0 - 733.81
= 138.42 Kg/cm² (Here δΤ=0)

Resultant Eq. stress

Resultant 1 = Sqrt(SL1²-SL1XSh+Sh²)
= 2522.53 Kg/cm²
= 78.00 % of SMYS
OWNER IHB LTD. CROSSING NAME : U/C EXPRESSWAY (NH)
EPMC INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED CHAINAGE : 382+447.65 KM
CONTRACTOR : SPUR INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. DOC. NO. : 9200=12200-30107-007-00 219

Resultant 2 = Sqrt(SL2²-SL2XSh+Sh²)
= 2840.77 Kg/cm²
= 87.84 %of SMYS

MAXIMUM EQUIVALENT STRESS DURING SERVICE

Design Pressure = 90.71 Kg/cm²
Hoop Stress Sh = pD/2t
= 1542.31 Kg/cm²
Bending Stress at proposed radius Sb = ED/2R
= 733.81 Kg/cm²

Combined Long Stress SL1 = µ X Sh-Eα.δΤ + Sb

= 462.69 - 715.69 + 733.81
= 480.82 Kg/cm²
Combined Long Stress SL2 = µ X Sh-Eα.δΤ - Sb
= 462.69 - 715.69 - 733.81
= -986.81 Kg/cm²

Resultant Eq. Stress

Resultant 1 = Sqrt(SL1²-SL1XSh+Sh²)
= 1366.87 Kg/cm²
= 42.26 % of SMYS
Resultant 2 = Sqrt(SL2²-SL2XSh+Sh²)
= 2207.82 Kg/cm²
= 68.27 % of SMYS

Roller Spacing during Pulling

Allowable Bending Moment for Roller Spacing = 95 % of SMYS
= 3072.414 Kg/cm²
OWNER IHB LTD. CROSSING NAME : U/C EXPRESSWAY (NH)
EPMC INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED CHAINAGE : 382+447.65 KM
CONTRACTOR : SPUR INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. DOC. NO. : 9200=12200-30107-007-00 219

Max Tensile force that can be applied by = 32 Tons

P=F/As = 340.16 Kg/cm²

Available Stress for Bending Fb = 2732.25 Kg/cm²

Bending Moment = Z X Fb
= 1962487.97 Kg-cm
This bending moment will determine the roller spacing

For Simple spans (Inbetween Rollers) Bm = Wp X L²/8

Where L is max spacing between rollers = 4610.86 cm
Wp is the weight of pipe in air = 46.11 m

For Cantilever (On last roller) = Wp X L²/2

= 2305.43 cm
= 23.05 m

ALL APPLICABLE PRESSURE TO BE SUMMARIZE AS BELLOW MENTIONED

Spanning Stress
Empty pipe in air
Spanning Stress (Sse) = Wp X S² Where Wp is weight of pipe in air
8XZ S is Conveyor spacing
Z is Section Modulus
= 185.06 Kg/cm²

Pipe full filled with Water (Ssf) = Ww X Ss² Where Ww is weight of pipe filled with water
8XZ Ss is skid spacing
Z is section modulus
= 91.99 Kg/cm²
OWNER IHB LTD. CROSSING NAME : U/C EXPRESSWAY (NH)
EPMC INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED CHAINAGE : 382+447.65 KM
CONTRACTOR : SPUR INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. DOC. NO. : 9200=12200-30107-007-00 219

Curvature Stress = E X OR/R Where E is modulus of elasticity

OR is outer radius of pipe
R radius of curvature
Pipe is on roller = 733.81 Kg/cm²
Pipe is downhole = 733.81 Kg/cm²
During pull back = 733.81 Kg/cm²

Tensile Stress
Tensile Stress occure on conveyor & down hole for the stress it is necessary to pull force
Pull force on conveyor (Tcc) = Wp X Ls X Fc Where Wp is weight of pipe in air
Ls is pipe string length
Fc is friction factor on conveyor
= 4209.28 Kg
Tensile stress on conveyor = Pull force/As
= 44.75 Kg/cm²
Tensile stress in down hole (buoyant wt of pipe+wt of pipe in air)Xcoeff. Of friction between pipe & soilXlength of crossing
Pull force (Tde) in down hole = 8419.47 Kg
Tensile stress (Stde) = Pull force/As
= 89.50 Kg/cm²
Hoop Stress during pre hydrotest
Hoop stress = Prh X D/2t Where Prh is pre hydrotest pressure
= 2907.45 Kg/cm²
Longitudinal stress = Prh X D/4t
= 1453.72 Kg/cm²
Hoop Stress during post hydrotest
Hoop Stress = Poh X D/2t Where Poh is post hydrotest pressure
= 2159.33 Kg/cm²
Longitudinal stress = Poh X D/4t
1079.67 Kg/cm²
OWNER IHB LTD. CROSSING NAME : U/C EXPRESSWAY (NH)
EPMC INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED CHAINAGE : 382+447.65 KM
CONTRACTOR : SPUR INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. DOC. NO. : 9200=12200-30107-007-00 219

Stress during service

Hoop stress = Pd X D/2t Where Pd is operating pressure
= 1542.31 Kg/cm²
Longitudinal stress = Pd X D/4t
= 771.15 Kg/cm²
Summary Sheet
On Skid On Conveyor During Pullback Down hole/Installed During service
Pre test Empty Empty Post test Due to operating
Axial Tangential Axial Tangential Axial Tangential Axial Tangential Axial Tangential
Spanning 91.99 185.06
-91.99 -185.06
Curvature 733.81 733.81 733.81 733.81
-733.81 -733.81 -733.81 -733.81
Tensile 44.75 89.50

Hoop pre test 1453.72 2907.45

Hoop post
test 1079.67 2159.33

Operating Pre 771.15 1542.31

Total
(Positive) 1545.72 2907.45 963.62 0 823.31 0 1813.48 2159.33 1504.97 1542.31
Total
(Negative) -91.99 0 -918.88 0 -733.81 0 -733.81 0 -733.81 0
Von misses' 1545.72 2954.52 963.62 918.88 823.31 733.81 1813.48 2604.95 1504.97 2012.20

As SMYS % 47.79 91.35 29.80 28.41 25.46 22.69 56.07 80.55 46.53 62.22
Note : (S1²+S2²-S1XS2)^0.5 Von misse's Equation
OWNER IHB LTD. CROSSING NAME : U/C EXPRESSWAY (NH)
EPMC INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED CHAINAGE : 382+447.65 KM
CONTRACTOR : SPUR INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. DOC. NO. : 9200=12200-30107-007-00 219

Pulling Requirement for 12" carrier pipe

Pulling loads is divided into 3 main forces

= Fluid Drag Resistance + Soil Drag Resistance + Fluid weight on Pull Head
= πDLf + f'xwxL + DbxhxA
= 10908.77 + 1520.07 + 710.10
= 13138.94 Kg
= 13.14 Tons
Total Pulling Force Required = 13.14 Tons = 19.71 Tons Safety Factor 1.5
Factor of Safety = Rig Pulling Capacity/Total Pulling Load
% of force required to Rig Capacity = 61.59 %

Rig Capacity = 32 Tons is Sufficient.

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