Undergraduate Thesis Project

BY-SEID ABDU

ADVISOR-BISRAT KIFLE

JAN 2016/17

RE-STRUCTURING MERCATO
A New Approch to mercato’s Re-development

Ethiopian Institute of Architecture,

ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA

Building Construction and City Development
የኢትዮጵያ አርክቴክቸር ፡ ህንጻ ግንባታ እና ከተማ ልማት ተቋም
Addis Ababa University
አዲስ አበባ ዩኒቨርሲቲ
 Author’s Declaration

RE-STRUCTURING MERCATO
A New Approch to mercato’s Re-development
I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis project in a partial fulfillment for a
bachelor degree in Architecture at the Ethiopian institute of Architecture, Building construction
and City development[EiABC].

by

Seid Abdu
Undergraduate Thesis Project

Seid Abdu

Ethiopian Institute of Architecture,

Building Construction and City Development

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016/17

i
 Abstract Acknowledgment

Mercato is a major commercial hub and an essential economic component of the “ALLHAMDULILAH”, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to ALLAH for this great
city of Addis Ababa. Since its formation, its undergoing a rapid transformation and achievement. I would like to thank everyone who supported me throughout my project. I am
redevelopment process as a result of socio-economic influences and more recently thankful to my Advisor Bisrat Kifle for his aspiring guidance and insights to always push the
the growing demand for retail outlets. Hence, new multistory shopping centers have project further. I would like to Appreciate Biniyam Hailu and Omer Awolkhair for their friendly
been constructed and are on the process of construction. But many of these build- and constructive critiques throughout the project, and the institution of EiABC. I am thankful to
ings are facing inefficient use of their vertical spaces and they’re showing incompati- all my friends for their feedbacks and support, especially Michael Bekele for sharing his knowl-
bility with the Ethiopian market culture. edge on the subject matter. I am sincerely grateful to my family especially my parents for their
unconditional support in every way possible.
This research aims at investigating how the usability of the vertical spaces and
spatial suitability can be achieved in the redevelopment process of the market
centers.

The issues were investigated by sampling and carefully analyzing the redeveloped
market centers to measure the magnitude of the problem and assess how these
market places are adopting to the transformation process.

The findings indicate that, to compensate for the high land values in mercato, devel-
opers intensify the retail outlets forcing them to build higher to accommodate these
units. But due to the market’s tradition/character both retailers and consumers
prefer the ground floor use, leaving the vertical spaces empty and inefficient. In
addition, the historical value and character of the place is fading as a result of this
way of redevelopment approach.

Therefore, the study recommends that the introduction of new programs to compli-
ment these vertical spaces is compulsory. The redevelopment and transformation
process should allow for mixed-use development and interconnection of building
blocks to create a more coordinated market place.

Exploring new ways of redevelopment approach by re-interpretation and translation

of the market place ensures a complete transition of Mercato’s market character
through the transformation process and reinforces its significance in the city in
addition to the financial sector.

ii iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Authors Declaration i CASE STUDY

Abstract ii 19

Acknowledgment iii 01 Abu Dahbi Central Market “The Souk” 20

List of figures vi-vii 02 Arcade Providence 24
03 Galleria Umberto I 28
04 Nemausus I 30
INTRODUCTION TO STUDY
1 BACKGROUND STUDY
33
01 Introduction 2
02 Problem Statment 3
01 Contextual Background 34
03 Hypothesis 3
02 History of establishment and transformation 36
04 Research Objective 4
03 Tera navigation 38
05 Research Question 4
04 Study Area 40
06 Methodology 5
Retail Outlet Analysis
07 Scope And Limitation 5 Market Place Porosity Transformation
08 Significance of Study 5

FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

LITERATURE REVIEW 49
7
01 Findings 50
01 Market 9 02 Synthesis 51
Market 03 Conclusion 53
Classification of Market
04 Recommendations 53
02 The PlatForm 10
Market Place
Market Square SITE ANALYSIS
Bazzar
Souks
55
Shop/Retail
Shopping Hubs 01 Urban Analysis 56
Department Stores
Shopping Malls
02 Block Analysis 58

03 The Activity 12
Selling DESIGN PROPOSAL
Retailing
61
WholeSalers
Consumers
Buying 01 City Scale Intervention 62
Porting 02 Urban Design 64
Shopping
Window Shopping 03 Architectural Design 68
Program Development
04 Transformation And Evolution 13 Program Allocation and Spatial Relationship
Design Approach
Transformation and Evolution of market place Architectural Drawings
Historical preservation of a market place Exploded Diagram
Redevelopment of a space Apartment Unit Design
Dead Shopping malls Retail Outlet Design
Retrofitting 3D Renderings
Mixed-use Development

05 Conclusion Glossary 108

Reference 109
Appendix 110
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Abu dahbi Central market “The Souk” //Exterior pictures 20-21 Figure 36 Housing statistics and proposal study 62
Figure 2 Abu dahbi Traditional market character //Sketchs 22-23 Figure 37 Local Development Plan Proposal of Addis ketema Mercato 63
Figure 3 Abu dahbi Central market “The Souk” //Interior pictures 22-23 Figure 38 Urban Design Proposal //Aerial Perspective 64-65
Figure 4 Qualities extracted from Traditional market character //Sketchs 22-23 Figure 39 Urban Design Proposal //Urban plan 66-67
Figure 5 Arcade Providence //Exterior picture 24 Figure 40 Architectural proposal //Program Allocation and Saptial relationship diagram 70-71
Figure 6 Arcade Providence //3D sectional Diagram 25 Figure 41 Architectural proposal //Design Approach Diagram 72-73
Figure 7 Arcade Providence Before and After Retrofitting//Interior pictures 25 Figure 42 Architectural proposal //Housing Design Approach Diagram 74
Figure 8 Arcade Providence Spatial qualities //Sketchs 26-27 Figure 43 Architectural proposal //Retail outlet Design Approach Diagram 75
Figure 9 Arcade Providence Retrofitted space //Interior pictures 26-27
Figure 10 Galleria Umberto I //Interior picture 28
Figure 11 Galleria Umberto I //Block Layout 29
Figure 12 Nemausus I //Exterior picture 30
Figure 13 Panaromic View of mercato and Location map 34-35
Figure 14 Picture showing the old building in contrast to the redeveloped market center 37
Figure 15 Chronological diagram of the establishment and history of mercato. 37
Figure 16 “Tera” mapping of mercato and LDP of Addis Ketema 38-39
Figure 17 Study Area Map and the samples taken 40
Figure 18 Tables showing the gathered information from the samples. 41
Figure 19 Graph showing Building height Vs efficiency level 41
Figure 20 Interior pictures of the sampled buildings 42
Figure 21 Analysis of inteior spaces of the sampled buildings 42-43
Figure 22 Sample Retail outlet analysis //Exterior picture 44
Figure 23 Sample Retail outlet analysis //plan and section 44
Figure 24 Extension rules and regulations of the market area //layout 45
Figure 25 Types of organization of goods //Drawings 45
Figure 26 Prioritization of merchandize by retailers //Drawings 45
Figure 27 Market place porosity transformation //Layout 46
Figure 28 Redeveloped buildings Access points in relation to the congestion created 47
Figure 29 Diagramatic interpretation of the findings 50
Figure 30 Diagramatic interpretation of the Synthesis 52
Figure 31 Urban Analysis map 56-57
Figure 32 Block Analysis //Floor plan drawing 58
Figure 33 Block Analysis //spatial qualities Skecths 59
Figure 34 Block Analysis //Site pictures 59
Figure 35 Figure Ground map of Addis Ababa 62

Vi Vii
INTRODUCTION TO STUDY
01 Introduction
02 Problem Statment
03 Hypothesis
04 Research Objective
05 Research Question
06 Methodology
07 Scope And Limitation
08 Significance of Study

1
 01 INTRODUCTION 02 PROBLEM STATMENT

Since its establishment in 1930 E.c , merkato has gone through Various develop- Though the transformation of mercato has brought a densified market structure
mental stages to transform its market setting from open air layout to multistory throughout the district, many of these buildings are facing inefficient use of their
shopping buildings. The main reasons which led to this outcome is the 9th master- vertical spaces, some of the reasons behind this establishment includes the incon-
plan of the city of Addis Ababa, which was launched after the formation of the new venience of the retail outlets found at the top floors for consumers/retailers and the
government in 1984; as a response to the economic-political needs and the growing monotony of the redevelopment. Further more the effort to transform the market
demand of retail outlets in mercato. place following the design approach of the “western mall” forced the Ethiopian
market culture to fit into these building designs which resulted in the incompatibility
Hence, many new shopping centers are constructed and are in the process of of spatial use and program placement.
construction but their not efficiently providing the services they were set out for, as
many of these buildings vertical spaces are vacant.
Addis Ababa is urbanizing rapidly which has led to the establishment of new market
places throughout the city that functions similarly as mercato, this brought custom-
ers even closer to their demands, Which questions the sustainability of the market
place’s monotonous transformation approach.

On another aspect, even though the transformation of merkato from open air
market to multistory buildings densified the number of outlets, the spatial quality of
these retail outlets haven’t improved in responsive way to the current vendors
requirements.

03 HYPOTHESIS

If the current transformation and redevelopment approach of mercato lead to the

Ineffectiveness of the vertical spaces of these new buildings and their incapacity to
stage mercato ‘s complex trading system; then addressing these issues by introduc-
ing new programs that compliments these vertical spaces and reinterpreting and
translating the existing market into these new buildings creates efficient vertical
spaces and ensures a good transition of Mercato’s market character throughout the
transformation process.

2 3
 04 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE 06 METHODOLOGY

Main Objective The research process follows an inductive approach to address the issues that are
discussed on the research questions, in order to discover a conclusive answer.
Both primary and secondary data collection methods are used in order to answer the critical research questions
To devise a new design approach towards mercato’ s central market transforma- asked and understand the topic of discussion briefly. The tools used for the collection of primary data are both
tion and redevelopment, in order to create efficient and habitable vertical spaces quantitative and qualitative methods upon the sampling made to systematically approach the research questions
and objectives. The first Sampling was made on the redeveloped buildings giving service at the moment to
and improved market structure. measure the magnitude of the problem and generate a quantitative data of the vacant vertical spaces. And the
second sampling was made on an individual retail outlet to analyze the spatial quality. The tools used to carry
out this task are mapping, interviewing, counting, observation and taking a picture.

Sub Objectives Data Collection Methods

Data collection Method

To explore new designs and arrangements of retail outlets that are more resilient Primary Secondary

and can respond instantly to the user.

Sampling A+B
Books Articles City Admin. Other Researches
To harmonize and interlink buildings to create a more enhanced chain of distribu-
tion of goods and services for all stakeholders. Qualtitative Quantitative

Sample A Sample B Data Generated

Counting
Measuring
Mapping Mapping

05
Interview Interview

RESEARCH QUESTIONS Observation

Photo
Observation
Photo
Sample A
Focuses on the new redeveloped buildings giving service at the moment
Sample B
Focuses on individual retail outlet
Data Analysis
Literature Review and case Study
How can the usability of the vertical spaces of these new market centers be
improved ?

What are the necessary matters that should be considered in order to improve
07 SCOPE AND LIMITATION
the retail outlets found in mercato ?

The basis of the study is on the products and byproducts of the transformation
process, focusing mainly on the redeveloped new buildings giving service at the
moment and the retail outlets found in these new buildings, to assess how they are
adopting to this transformation process.

08 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

To explore new ways of reinterpreting Mercato’s market through the transforma-

tion process, preserve its historical values and intensify the market’s role in the city
in addition to the financial sector.

4 5
LITERATURE REVIEW
01 Market
Market
Classification of Market

02 The PlatForm
Market Place
Market Square
Bazzar
Souks
Shop/Retail
Shopping Hubs
Department Stores
Shopping Malls

03 The Activity
Selling
Retailing
WholeSalers
Consumers
Buying
Porting
Shopping
Window Shopping

04 Transformation And Evolution

Transformation and Evolution of market place
Historical preservation of a market place
Redevelopment of a space
Dead Shopping malls
Retrofitting
Mixed-use Development

05 Conclusion

7
 01 MARKET

MARKET
A market is defined as a collection of buyers and sellers coming together for exchange/trade
of goods and services.
Markets and shopping places have had a very long journey throughout history with significant
transformations, innovations and influences. When groups of people settled in different areas,
their needs for different goods and services grew. Hence, bartering started and transactions
increased and expanded in such meeting and gathering spaces. Trade, barter, marketing and
shopping has always taken place as a public space like the ancient open market places, usual-
ly in a central spot in a village or urban community. This space was used not only for trade and
sales of goods but also for communication and social interactions. For many ancient peoples,
This chapter presents discussion on the two main features of the marketplace was the place where they learnt about daily or regional events and socialized
a market, the platform and the activities staged on these with neighbors and friends. Often marketplaces would provide entertainment in the form of
platforms. In addition it examines the interrelationship and plays, performances or simply people watching. (Al-Maimani 5-6)
evolution; the driving force behind their evolution and the
Products and byproducts of this process. A Market consists of two major key elements which are the market place or the platform and
the trade/Exchange or activity. There are broad types of platforms and activities occurring.
Some of which are: -
Market square Selling-Buying
Bazzar Retailing
Souk Wholesailing
The Platforms Shop/Retail
The Activities Consuming
Shopping Hub Porting
Department Store Shopping
Shopping Mall Window Shopping
PLATFORM ACTIVITY

CLASSIFICATION OF MARKET
Driving Force Types of market can be broadly defined according to a number of characteristics; by their
physical and spatial characteristics, operation time, etc. These classifications are discussed in
the following as:-
Byproducts TRANSFORMATION AND EVOLUTION Products By Physical and Spatial Characteristics
-Undifferentiated open sales spaces, operated by an individual hawker or peddler
-Street or roadside markets (common in both rural and urban areas)
-Open-air markets (typically in a paved urban square)
-Covered markets (common in urban areas)
-Small-scale retail shops associated with urban market areas and
-Markets sharing a number of the above characteristics, most commonly found in the center
of small rural towns.

By the time of operation and Services that are offered

-Markets offering a wide range of trading functions other than retailing, combining retail and
wholesale markets. Usually, they are found in small towns and cities.
-Buildings or areas specializing as markets on one day of the week or at a specific time of the
day, the whole or part of the site may be used for different purpose on other times such as a
car park.
-Weekly or seasonal markets, generally termed “periodic markets"
-Markets operating every day on a permanent site, whether from a fixed building or a mobile
stall (possibly with expanded activities at weekends or on specific days). (Wikipedia/Market-
place.com)
8 9
 02 THE PLATFORM
SHOPPING HUBS
Shopping hubs or shopping centers, are collections of stores or souks that are a grouping of
several businesses.Typical examples include shopping malls, town squares, flea markets and
MARKET PLACE bazaars. A shopping hub or Centre, is a collection of retail, entertainment and service stores
“A market or marketplace, is a location where people regularly gather for the purchase and designed to serve products and services to the surrounding region. Traditionally, shopping
sale of provisions, livestock and other goods.” (OxFord Dictionary.com). hubs were called bazaars or marketplaces which were generally an assortment of stalls lining
streets selling a large variety of goods. The modern shopping Centre is now different from its
past, the stores are commonly in individual buildings or compressed into one large structure,
MARKET SQUARE commonly known as “Mall”. (Wikipedia/shopping hub.com)
It is an open area where market stalls are traditionally set out for trading, commonly on one
particular day of the week known as market day. DEPARTMENT STORES
A typical market square consists of a square or rectangular area or sometimes just a widening
of the main street. It is usually situated on the center of the town, surrounded by major build- An enclosed market place where a large variety of goods are sold. As economic growth,
ings together with smaller shops and business premises. There is sometimes a permanent fueled by the Industrial Revolution at the turn of the 19th century steadily expanded, the afflu-
covered market building (the cloth hall), and the entire area is a traditional meeting place for ent bourgeois middleclass grew in size and wealth. This urbanized social group was the cata-
local people as well as a Centre for trade (Wikipedia/Market Square.com). lyst for the emergence of the retail revolution of the period. The first reliably dated depart-
i.e. JANMEDA Sunday market, Addis Ababa/Ethiopia ment store to be established was Harding Howell & Co, which opened in 1796 on Pall Mall,
London.This venture was described as being a public retail establishment offering a wide
range of consumer goods in different departments. Department stores were established on a
BAZZAR large scale from the 1840’s and 50’s, in France, the United Kingdom and the United States.
(Wikipedia/shopping.com)
A bazaar is, a permanently enclosed marketplace or street where goods and services are
exchanged or sold. Bazaars might be divided into districts, with all the purveyors of one type
of merchandize grouped together. In smaller towns, the bazaars consists of a single narrow SHOPPING MALLS
street of stalls. (Britannica.Com/Bazzar.com)
Is a form of shopping precinct or shopping center, in which one or more buildings form a
complex of shops representing merchandisers with interconnecting walkways that enable
SOUK customers to walk from unit to unit. As a single built structure, early shopping centers were
often architecturally significant constructions, enabling wealthier patrons to buy goods in
Is an open-air marketplace or commercial quarter in Western Asian and North African cities. spaces protected from the weather.
A souq was originally an open-Air marketplace. Historically, souqs were held outside cities at The first modern shopping mall was “The Country Club Plaza” in Kansas City which opened in
locations where incoming caravans stopped and merchants displayed their goods for sale. 1922, from there the first enclosed mall was designed by Victor Gruen and opened in 1956 as
Souqs were formed whenever a caravan or caravans arrived. Since this might be infrequent, Southdale Centre in Edina, Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis. Malls peaked in America in the
souqs often extended beyond buying and selling goods to include major festivals involving 1980’s and 1990’s when many larger malls (more than 37,000 sqM in size) were built, attract-
various cultural and social activities. Any souq may serve a social function as being a place for ing consumers from within a 32 km radius with their luxurious department stores. There are
people to meet in, in addition to its commercial function. Later, due to the importance of mar- different types of malls around the world, the Super-regional malls are very large malls that
ketplaces and the growth of cities, the major locations of souqs shifted to urban centers. In contain at least five department stores and 300 shops, this mall can appeal to a broad radius
tribal areas, neutrality from tribal conflicts was usually declared for the period of operation of (up to a 160km). A regional mall can contain at least two department stores or Anchor Store.
a souk to permit the unhampered exchange of surplus goods. (Wikipedia/Souk.com) The smaller malls are often called open-air strip centers or minimarts and are typically
In Ethiopia, the term “souk” meaning “shop or retail outlet” is adopted as a result of the cultural attached to a grocery store or supermarket. The smaller malls are less likely to include the
interconnection developed several years ago between Arab and Ethiopian merchants. same features of a large mall such as an indoor concourse, but are beginning to evolve to
become enclosed to comply with all weather and customer preferences. (Wikipedia/shop-

SHOP/RETAIL
A business that presents a selection of goods and offers to trade or sell them to customers in
exchange for money or other goods. (Wikipedia/Retail.com)

10 11
 03 THE ACTIVITY
SHOPPING
is an activity in which a customer peruses goods or services presented by one or more retail-
ers/merchandizers with the intent to purchase a suitable selection of item. This process joins
SELLING customers and retailers. Now a days in the developed countries, customers are focusing more
Selling is the act of determining client needs and wants and responding through planned, on online shopping. Although this has increased the comfort for shoppers because they do it
personalized communication that influences purchase decisions and enhances future busi- from wherever they are, it has also led the shopping malls to be closed because no one is
ness opportunities. Goods and services are sold for ultimate consumption, for resale or for use using them. This led the investors and clients to rethink the way new shopping malls are
in the operation of a business. Every business has something to sell either tangible products designed and how they’re going to attract the shoppers and customers to come out from
or intangible services. Selling can occur whenever person to person contact is made, either their house and shop like earlier times. (Wikipedia/shopping.com)
directly to the consumer or indirectly through the use of intermediaries. Selling plays an
important role in our society and economy. (Wikipedia/selling.com) WINDOW SHOPPING
“Effects of selling include keeping our economy moving, promoting competition, affecting Is consumers act of browsing items and goods without the intention of purchasing, either as
employment, adding utility, helping customers determine needs and creating a desire for a recreational activity or to make a plan to purchase the item on the future. This process
products (mbaknol.com).” mostly happens when the shopping environment is comfortable enough so that customers
walk around to browse. (Wikipedia/shopping.com)
RETAILING
A retailer is a person, an agent, an agency, a company or organization which is instrumental
in reaching the goods, merchandise or services to the ultimate consumer. Retailers perform
specific activities such as anticipating customer’s wants, developing assortments of products,
04 TRANSFORMATION AND EVOLUTION
acquiring market information and financing. It’s a conclusive set of activities or steps used to
sell a product or a service to consumers for their personal or family use. It is responsible for
matching individual demands of the consumer with supplies of all the manufacturers. (Wikipe-
Transformation and evolution of marketplace
dia/shopping.com)
market places, from simple gathering places for trade, barter and vending, into more complex
WHOLESALERS structures; they changed Physically, they increased in size and became more complex in form
Usually have direct relationship with the manufacturers, they distribute goods and items to and layout. Economically, the barter system changed from wheeling, dealing and negotiating
other retailers. prices to fixed prices.
In addition, shopping places can be impacted by political situations and changes in policy and
CONSUMERS legislation by local authorities. Markets represent a large portion of economic well-being for a
People who use goods and services to satisfy their personal needs. Not for resale or produc- country, a prosperous nation has a surplus of markets, goods and consumers willing to
tion of other goods and services. (Wikipedia/shopping.com) purchase those goods and services.
Many shopping places also contain mixed use facilities. Initially, simple markets and market
BUYING places were fully integrated with the local community; they provided spaces for trade, socializ-
ing and entertainment. As traditional markets went into decline and modern shopping malls
Is a formal process of obtaining goods and services for a given price. The type of purchasing
replaced them, they became more complex, they became more independent and less
to acquire goods or services can be classified as :-
integrated with the surrounding context.
personal purchase-The consumer purchases for personal consumption
Mercantile purchase- Facilitated by middle-men for the intention of re-sale to meet other’s This was remedied by reinventing shopping malls as multi-use, multi-functional facilities with
requirements entertainment, dining, recreational and amusement activities as well as shopping and market-
Industrial purchase- The purchaser is buying to convert material into finished product. (Wiki- ing. This in turn resulted in a more successful and functional use of shopping spaces. Hence
pedia/shopping.com) the modern market place, the shopping mall, revitalized the multi-use concept and incorpo-
rated it much as traditional market places incorporated community needs.
PORTING
Architectural and technological innovations have helped change the course and development
Is the action of providing a service, in which a person transports goods from point “A” to point of the shopping environment and shopping places throughout history. The usage of new
“B” for a valued price. This process is mostly evident in the under-developed countries like materials, like iron and glass; new technologies like the refrigerator, elevators, escalators and
Ethiopia. It is a way of life for some Ethiopian citizens as it generates income. air-conditioning systems and new modes of transportation, i.e. car, have all had a major
impact on the evolution of newer and better shopping places, especially shopping malls.

12 13
 Both traditionally and in modern times, markets and shopping places have been famous for REDEVELOPMENT OF A SPACE
creating different experiences to satisfy physical and social needs. Markets and market places
and in more recent years, shopping malls, started to include exhibitions and shows, to not only Redevelopment is a mechanism of change that is mostly associated with old and built-up
attract visitors to such events but also to enhance the shopping experience. Thus, the shop- areas of a city. This activity is mostly seen in the inner-city areas because urban areas often
ping experience became more than just an activity and opportunity to purchase goods. Afflu- grow outward from the center, the inner area becomes the least developed part.
ence branding and advertising have helped make shopping not only a social activity but also Redevelopment, is the demolishing of old buildings and replacing them by new ones. The
an addictive experience with a focus on excessive consumption as well as the promotion of profitability of redevelopment depends on either replacement of existing uses by high order
image and status. uses or intensification of existing uses. Redevelopment is responsible for loss of older street
patterns and mixture of uses: small business enterprise, especially small-scale street-level
Markets and shopping places have undergone major physical change. “Early types of market retailing and small specialized production work. (Dr.Hiyaw T. 23-25)
places were either unplanned organic parts of the town centers or occurred in mixed-use
buildings with the shops being secondary to the other uses" (Coleman, 2006, p. 57). However,
with time and especially during the industrialization period with its mass production, planned
shopping buildings were generated.
Finally, the environment of shopping places and markets have also undergone major chang- DEAD SHOPPING MALLS
es. From early open air, public markets and stalls such as the agorae and forums, markets and
shopping places were eventually roofed and covered over. As such they became privatized A dead mall is a shopping mall with a high vacancy rate or a low consumer traffic level, or that
with shop owners and merchants owning the building they sold their wares in. (Al-Maimani is dated or deteriorating in some manner. Across the United States In recent years, the
66-69) number of dead malls increased significantly in the early twenty first century because the
economic health of malls has been in decline from 2006 to 2010. The percentage of malls
“Markets and shopping environments became fully enclosed and environmentally controlled
that are considered to be “dying" by real estate experts (have a vacancy rate of at least 40%),
spaces. Thus, shopping spaces have been converted from public arenas to privately owned,
unhealthy (20–40%), or in trouble (10–20%) all increased greatly, and these high vacancy
managed, conditioned and controlled territories” (Kocaili 2010).
rates only partially decreased from 2010 to 2014. In 2014, nearly 3% of all malls in the United
States were considered to be “dying" (40% or higher vacancy rates) and nearly one fifth of all
HISTORICAL PRESERVATION OF A MARKET PLACE
malls had vacancy rates considered “troubled" (10% or higher). Some real estate experts say
The case of mercato’s Historical value and Preservation that the fundamental problem is a glut of malls in many parts of the country creating a market
that is “extremely over retailed". (Wikipedia/shopping mall.com)
An article [The decline of Mercato’s historical value and tourism attraction.] written by Birhanu Semu
in Feb 22, 2014 demonstrates the critical state that this transformation has resulted in. The article
entertains the ideas of different officials towards this transformation activity.
“The reason for the need to keep the historical background of a market place is because its
where human social interaction takes place. Market place is a cause for the transaction of
goods, ideas, love, technology and knowledge. Market place embraces society, buildings on RETROFITTING
the other hand embrace a group of individuals.” Pr. Ahmed Zakaria The three main strategies for retrofitting as stated by June Williamson on the book “Retrofit-
“Mercato is a large market place where many merchants from all over Ethiopia come ting suburbia” are:
together, as a result it’s one of the important tourist destinations in the city. heritages are • Re-inhabitation, or various forms of adaptive re-use,
a means of transferring the civilization’s fingerprint from one era to the other, so the society • Re-development, or urbanization by increasing density, walkability, use mix, and
has a responsibility in preserving these legacy. Although as a historical site it’s a great • Re-greening, from small parks and plazas, to restoring wetlands ecologies.
attraction for tourists, there needs to be a technological improvement for the everyday
users of the market to create a comfortable environment.” Zufan Fikre These strategies are implemented based on the following tactics
“Historical preservation of these kinds of places is obvious in many countries, we can take
Tactic 1: Re-use the Box
Philippines, manila and anrtamos, which preserved their historical value by constructing
new towns around these historical sites. We cannot halt the development of mercato, as Adaptive re-use of vacant commercial buildings for new, often community-serving programs,
it’s an important market place that should give a great deal of service to a high number of such as libraries or medical clinics, is both socially desirable and reduces waste.
merchants and consumers.” Abera H/Mariyam
Tactic 2: Provide Environmental Repair: Restore Wetlands and Creeks
“We can classify the history of the city of Addis Ababa into three parts: -
Retrofits sometimes provide the opportunity to reconstruct wetlands and creeks, compo-
1.the city Before the invasion by the Italians. nents in the metropolitan watershed that were erased or diminished by suburban develop-
2.the city at the time of the occupation by the Italians. ment patterns.
3.the city after the defeat of the Italians.
Since the development taking place now is not Interlinked with previous works found in Tactic 3: Revise Zoning Codes and Public Works Standards (Re-development)
mercato, we reached to a point where we could not preserve the historical value of the Make it easier to build compact mixed-use developments with complete streets and make it
market.” harder to build single-use, auto-dependent places.
Birhanu Semu
14 15
 05 CONCLUSION
Tactic 4: Keep Block Size Walkable
Without careful modulation, the hybridization of suburban building types and parking, into
urban blocks and streets can lead to oversized blocks and monotonous building fronts. The
rule of thumb for a walkable block is a perimeter dimension of less than 1700 linear feet. A market consists of two major key elements, the activity and platform. There are broad types
of classifications of activities and platforms. Through time they have undergone a rapid trans-
Tactic 5: Establish a more Continuous Streetscape with Shallow linear Buildings. formation as a result of the development of complex trading system, and the achievement of
Wrappers can be employed around re-used box buildings and liners can screen surface architectural and technological innovations.
parking lots to provide a more continuous streetscape.
The transformation of a platform can be in a number of ways, for instance, it can take the form
Tactic 6: Use Appropriate Street Types and Sidewalks of redevelopment of the existing market place, which is evident here in Mercato. But redevel-
opment of a place can also lead to loss of historical value of a place if it’s not carefully carried
Tactic 7: Improve Connectivity for Drivers, Bicyclists and Pedestrians. out.
Build interconnected street networks to increase walkability and public safety, while distrib-
uting traffic and reducing overall vehicle miles traveled (VMT). This issues needs to be addressed strictly because a market’s value is so much more than just
an economic impact, it’s a public space where communities socialize and interact.
Tactic 8: Consider Future Connectivity and Adaptability
In addition, the redevelopment process could lead to over-abundant spaces, as a result of the
Tactic 9: Diversify Housing Choice and Price intensification process to achieve profitability. Retrofitting is being applied as a remedy for
The future success of suburbs will hinge on their ability to respond to changing demograph- these spaces. But the future of successful market places resides on their sustainability,
ics; provide more housing choices. mixed-use development being a one approach to this outcome.

Tactic 10: Add New Units to Existing Subdivisions

Infilling residential neighborhoods with accessory dwelling units (ADUs) can provide afford-
able housing choices for singles and seniors, and increase residential density without
dramatically altering the morphological pattern.

Tactic 11: Invest in Quality Architecture

The most successful and sustainable retrofits will be beautiful, durable, culturally significant
and built to meet high standards of environmental performance both in the public spaces
and the buildings.

MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT

Is a type of urban development that blends residential, commercial, cultural, institutional or
industrial uses, where those functions are physically and functionally integrated and that
provides pedestrian connections. Mixed-use development can take the form of a single build-
ing, a city block or entire neighborhood. The term may also be used more specifically to refer
to a mixed-use real estate development project; a building, complex of buildings or district of
a town or city that is developed for mixed-use by a private developer. Mixed use develop-
ments became desirable as the benefits became evident.
These benefits includes:-
-greater housing variety and density.
-reduced distances between housing, workplaces, retail businesses, and other destinations.
-more compact development.
-stronger neighborhood character.
-pedestrian and bicycle friendly environments.(Wikipedia/Mixed-use developments.com)

16 17
CASE STUDY
01 Abu Dahbi Central Market “The Souk”
02 Arcade Providence
03 Galleria Umberto I
04 Nemausus I

19
 01

Abu Dhabi Central Market[The “Souk”]

Architect- Foster + Partners
Location-United Arab Emirates [UAE]
Project year-2014

ELEVATION

CROSS SECTION

Figure 1

The single-story concrete framed retail building which stood for over three decades is to The souk’s roof opens and closes depending on the weather condition. In summer,
be reinvented and redeveloped inspired by the traditional middle eastern souks. when temperature is high, the roof closes to keep out the sun, but in winter, when tem-
The project comprises a combination of low rise, ecologically sensitive retails and roof perature is pleasant, the roof is left open, not just to help ventilate the interior but also to
gardens forming a new public park. Like modern version of the souk, the central market recreate the outdoor open air market tradition. With the exception of the opening
will be a city in microcosm .It will unite high end retails and luxury good shops with section and a number of sunken terraces, the roof is landscaped to create a vast public
individual courtyards and alleys, together with food markets and craft based trades space. So that during the cooler months, shoppers can sit on the landscaped roof enjoy-
specific to the region. ing their time in an open-air cafe.

The new building is a three story rectangular structure with a floor area of more than One of the treats that concerns the city of Abu Dhabi is the harsh sand storm, where
27,000 Sqm and generous six floors of underground parking. This building is designed as the wind force can dump over 200 tons of debris in just two days, quickly weathering
an alternative to the modern shopping malls often found in Arab cities, it offers a distinc- the cities concrete buildings. So to protect the central market, the designers wrapped
tive modern interpretation of the traditional middle eastern souks. There are small the façade with a glass-fiber reinforced concrete [GRC], which is a new material
shops of traditional crafts and local produce combined with luxury boutiques to give the made from sand itself ensuring a lasting façade.
customers a delightful shopping experience. The buildings layout follows a tartan grid
pattern forming a network of courtyards, alleys and retail units.

20 21
 Individual “Souk” Market Place Shading Element

Protective Element from the sun

Translucent Plastic or Fabric Material

Traditional Market Character

Figure 2

Re-Interpretation

Figure 3

Extension of Display Platform To The WalkWay Collection of Souks

Qualities Extracted
Controlled Sun Light Via Opendowns and openings
Figure 4
22 23
 02

Arcade Providence
Architect- Northeast Collaborative Archtects
Location-Rhode Island, U.S.A
Project year-2014

ELEVATION

Figure 6

Figure 5

Arcade providence, formerly called the Westminster arcade is America’s first indoor When it was built back in 1828, it hosted 48 different boutiques which are now convert-
shopping mall built in 1828. It operated only two hours a day featuring a food court and ed into 48 ‘tiny apartments’ along with restaurants, coffee shops and hair salon. The
boutiques to supply the growing number of suburban population. renovation converted the top two floors into micro apartments ranging from 20Msq
to 25Msq.
OLD NEW
Shoppers didn’t want to venture to the 2nd and 3rd floors because of the absence of
elevators, as a result retailers weren’t seeing much business. Due to the rise of online
shopping, many malls were facing high vacancy rate and low consumer traffic even-
tually leading them to be closed, and arcade providence was one of them.

The mall was retrofitted and re-opened in 2014 as the micro apartment complex and
proved to be successful. The renovation of arcade providence took the face of micro
apartments in an effort to accommodate the growing number of single people
moving to cities. statistics have shown that the number of American’s who live alone start-
ed to rise since the 1920’s.

24 Figure 7
25
 Garage or Living Space ??? Apartment Layout “Indoor Public Street”

Section

Spatial Qualities

Figure 8

Plan

Retrofitted Space

Figure 9

The complex sits on the heart of downtown providence so residents theoretically “not only does it, [the central atrium] provide filtered light to the units, but it
could easily eat out for a meal they can’t zap in a microwave or oven. Which led to becomes the ‘public street’ connecting neighbors”
Abbott
the design of the apartments without a space for stoves. They are designed for the
people who lead busy lifestyles.

The apartments feature an open layout floor plan and are fully furnished with elevated On the top floors, there is a common room and on the second floor, there are washers,
twin beds, small kitchen and living room with no full barriers in b/n. The architects dryers and storage spaces to park bikes or keep other belongings that don’t fit in the
preserved the central atrium as a space for shops, bars and restaurants. apartments.

26 27
 03

Public Street

Galleria Umberto I
Architect- Emanuele Rocco Enclosed Courtyard
Location-Naples, Italy
Project year-1887-1891
Figure 11

The design is made up of 4 buildings lining 2 cross streets. Only two of the
Public Street
buildings have a closed inner courtyard and an outer façade. These cross
streets create an easy link between district of the city. Its an extension of the
public thoroughfare, they are the property of the city which remain free of
access both day and night.
In the complex arrangements of the various ownerships systems of the
galleria, the roofs of the buildings are privately owned while the glass canopy
Residential/Office
belongs to the city and the street below. The presence of this vast glass sky
Shops makes the galleria a place apart, an urban micro climate, a playful break in the
Entertainment cityscape.
As in every co-ownership system the problem started with the roof, the
large canopy soon became a bone of contention b/n the developer and the
city council. The galleria soon became a heaven for the city’s vagrants, their
presence changed the image of the place and brought the property prices
down, but at the same time the developer accused the city council of failing to
meet its obligations of not maintaining the canopy correctly, leading to count-
Figure 10 less leaks that damaged the marble flooring and brought property prices
down. This contradiction is obvious, it reveals the uneasy co-habitation of the
two aspects of the project, public and private.
Naples in 1860 was the country’s leading port and an important economic and industrial The residential buildings have a certain independence in relation to the galleria. They
hub. But it was also an unhealthy city with appalling sanitary conditions that lead to 1884’s have their own street entrance. They also have an entrance leading into the galleria
disastrous cholera epidemics. As a result, in 1885 a vast slum clearance project was finally , but access is carefully controlled. As stated above only two of the building blocks have
launched to recondition the city which gave the opportunity for new architects and devel- a closed inner courtyard. The other two don’t have a private space. As for the apartment
opers to leave their imprint on the city. One of the development being the “Galleria windows overlooking the galleria, they suffer from the noisy inner street’s reverberat-
Umberto” built both as a monumental and modern imprint by the neapolitan bourgeoisie. ing sound and they are deprived of the real sky.The only ones to be happy with the
situation are those living on the roof, a world of clerks and janitors occupying the surface
The architect Rocco worked with a private developer that signed an agreement with the flats built along the edge of the canopy and which have the one element that defines a
city council. The developer would take charge of raising financing, place compulsory quality residence in Naples, A terrace.
purchase orders on the hovels and demolish them, then become the sole owner of the
new buildings. The construction consists of a steel and glass dome of an immense scale. The residential project was adopted neither to the climate nor to the nature of the place,
The Dome Conceals one of 19th Century Architecture great inventions, A street of a new as a result numerous apartments never found buyers, forcing the developer into
type passing through a block of buildings reserved for pedestrians and sheltered bankruptcy. Today most of the apartments are used as offices or workshops. In addition
by a glass Roof. With shops, restaurants, theaters, offices and luxury apartments, it’s one to the economic failure, this is the failure of a project that aimed to bring together in a
of the greatest arcades ever built. Both a transitory space, a shortcut with in the city single setting both the workplace and the home. With its leaky canopy, closed base-
and also a place to stroll in, shop and profit of the advantages of a tamed city, safe from ment and unsold apartments transformed into offices, The galleria has never man-
annoyances and bad weather. aged to become the luxury district that its developers imagined of.

28 29
 04
“Nemausus 1 was designed from the inside out with the aim giving the maximum
amount of living space. Space is a prerequisite of the aesthetics. A beautiful apartment
is a large apartment, a beautiful room is a large room. The aim at Nemausus 1 was to
see if one could build apartments 30 or 40% bigger than the usual for the same price.
We had to decide on which side of the window to put the money, inside or out. To
Nemausus 1 create more space for the same price we must build the simplest straightest line as
possible.” Jean Nouvel
Architect- Jean Nouvel
Location-Nomes, France The design of Nemausus 1 Reduced to the simplest level is a rectangular block.
Project year-1986 Along the concrete base at regular intervals the architect installed concrete
walls which are both the separating elements of the apartments and supports
for the above floors. The building is based on this 5m principle from the
bottom to the top; the width of the apartments, the space between the beams
that support the walkways and the screen paneling of the roof. The only
exception for this regularity is the central elevator channel which splits the
building into two.
All the collective parts of the building are placed on the outside. The walk
ways allowing access to the apartments are joined onto the façade. The
building is made up of three stories which are accessed by a large metal stair-
cases. The walkways provide not only access into the apartments but
Apartment units Collective parts
also acts as pedestrian streets.
Walkways
Elevators
Stairs In a standard building the elevator shaft, the walkways and corridors are
built into the structure complicating the construction and taking up a large
amount of the volume. By placing all the access points outside the archi-
tect gains were two-fold, bigger savings and bigger apartments.
Figure 12

A state financed social housing project with apartments reserved for people with moder- The apartments stretch across the whole width of the building, from façade to façade.
ate incomes. At Nemausus 1, the first aim was to build more space for the same price. Between the two concrete walls the apartments have a single volume of space. On the
There was also a second, to offer inhabitants a living space more aligned with the lower level the living room and kitchen are separated by a central block, which contains
rules of a modern lifestyle. Nemausus 1 is composed of two building blocks interlinked the toilet, the water heater and the walk-in closet. In each apartment, the architect com-
by a greenery. The greenery in between both separates and at the same time unites the bines these three elements in a different way. There are no walls, no doors and no hall
two distinct buildings. The forecourt space was originally left as a car park space by the way allowing freedom of movement along the central block. The kitchen looks out onto
authorities, therefore the architect was not permitted to build an underground car park. the walkway. There is no transition between the private and the collective. The upper level
But the architect insisted on preserving the greenery of the forecourt and achieved these is given the same minimal treatment based on transparency, the only luxury is the large
by digging down into the ground and raising the buildings onto concrete pillars, he man- naturally lit bathroom. The walls which separate the apartments and the verandas
aged to create open air car park, with visual continuity from one side of the block to the can be completely folded back to let in light and fresh air, the wall is made up of four
other beneath the buildings. folding aluminum doors. A façade which can transform according to needs or taste.

“……with Nemausus 1, I wanted to lay the ground rule for social housing in the 1980’s, to get back “I was looking for stylistic uniformity, a direct link with the industrial in the form of concrete walls,
to the old forgotten principles of space, light and air.” perforated steel steps and protection barriers. This industrial image represents the present assembly
Jean Nouvel nature of social housing. It’s not only a question of volume but also of intention and texture. Instead
Nemausus 1 is composed of apartments of smaller sizes varying from 90 to 110 Msq and of thinking about fullness and emptiness of volume, the color of the stone or the marble I was inter-
larger apartments with sizes of 120 to 170 Msq. But It is not only the surface area that is ested in reflection, background, color and the night view. Everything that relates to nuance to the
way light changes with the weather or the time of day.”
large but also the volume as Most of the apartments are duplexes and triplexes. Jean Nouvel

30 31
BACKGROUND STUDY
01 Contextual Background
02 History of establishment and transformation
03 Tera navigation
04 Study Area
Retail Outlet Analysis
Market Place Porosity Transformation

33
 “ አላቸዉ መጠሪያ ”
01 CONTEXTUAL BACKGROUND ራጉኤል አካባቢ አንዋር መስጊድ ዙሪያ
ከተማ ክፍል ሀገር ሁለት መናኃሪያ
ባህል ዘመናዊ ከመሀል ገበያ
ደርዘን ት/ቤት ብዙ ሆቴል ቤቶች
እልፍ ለፍቶ አዳሪአ እልፍ ሰረቆ አደሮች
ሁለት ሲኒማ ቤት ሺህ ታክሲ እና አህዮች
Merkato is considered the largest open-air market in Africa and the major
አሮጌ ቤት መሀል አዳዲስ ህንጻዎች
commercial hub of the country. Covering an area of 113.6 hectares with different
ብዙ መጠጥ ቤቶች ደርዘን የእቁብ ቤቶች
variety of goods, it’s home to about 54,000 people (CSA, 1984).
የእድር መህበራት ግዙፍ መጋዘኖች
Each day, around 200,000 people are working in mercato and close to
300,000 people commuting to work and shop. አላቸዉ መለያ አላቸዉ መጠሪያ
ፍራሽ እና ምንጣፍ ቀለም እና ሳህን
አንሶላ እና ቆጮ በርበሬ እና ሳጥን
ሰሌን ከብርድ ልብሰ መሶብ እና ብረት
ብር እና ወርቅ ተራ ሸራ ጌሾ እና ጫት

EN TOTO
ስጋ እና አትክልት ባንቧ እና ቄጤማ
TO AMBO
TO FICHE

SHIRO MEDA SEMEN GEBEYA

TO DESSIE
ኮረቻ እና ዘይት ቁልፍ እና ቆረቆሮ
BURAYO

ጠርሙስ እና ቅቤ ጆንያ እና ዶሮ
SIDIST KILLO

TAFO
JAN MEDA

ጋዝ እና ጭድተራ ሸክላ እና ባነዲራ

KOLFE

PIASSA

AYAT SETTLEMENT
MESALEMIYA

ቦንብ ሚሊተሪ በግ ተራ ጨዉ ተራ
MERKATO MEGENAGNA

ቦሌ እና ምንአለሽ ሰልባጀ ሸማ ተራ
MEXICO LAGGAR
YEKA BOLE

BOLE

ማር መጠርጊያ ካፖርት መገኛ መልያ ዱባይ አልጋ ተራ

AYER TENA GERJI
REPY BOLE WORFEGENE
GOTTERA

WOLETE SUK BURI

TO JIMMA
KOTARI
አላቸዉ መጠሪያ
BOLE WOREGENE

BOLE BULBULA

ሞላማሩ አብነት
ኦርቶዶክስ ካቶሊክ ሙስሊም ፕሮቴስታንት
WODESO
IDORO

KALLITY

ሻወል ደማ ዙሪያ ካሳ ገብሬ ሰፈር

AKAKI BESEKA
አሜሪካን ግቢ ሶማሌ ተራ ስር
ሰባተኛ አመዴ ጌሾ ግቢ ቁጭራ
TULU DINTU

TO DEBRE ZEIT
የትላንቱ ሸገር ሚገኘዉ ከጣሪያ
የፊነሊ ሶዳ ትላንት ሚጣራ
Figure 13 አራተኛ ዙሪያ ሶዶ አደሬ ሰፈር
አብዶ እና ሰኢዶ ጎጃም እና ጎንደር
እህል ጥራጥሬ ሽንኩርት እና አገዳ
የጫት ቅቤ እና ማር መገኛ በርንዳ
In New York, 5th avenue, which is one of the most expensive area in one “Alachew meteriya” a poem written by Birhanu semu trys to capti-
vate the essence and atmosphere of the market place by navigating አላቻዉ መለያ አላቸዉ መጠሪያ
of the most expensive cities in the world, a plot of land was sold with
through the “Teras”, in addition it also highlights it’s vastness and the ዘዉዴ ቢራቱ ቃኘዉ ገነኔ ወሎ ሰፈር
9,800 USD/Msq.
Various available goods sold with their respective Locations.
አዲስ ከተማ ራስ ሀይሉ ኪኪያን ጣና ድንበር
Despite being the 15th poorest country in the world, A One Square ሀብተጊዮርጊስ ድልድይ ተክለሀይማኖት ሳይቀር
meter of land in mercato was sold with 355,555 ETB/17,000 USD in a አሰፉ ወሰን ዙሪያ ሲዳሞ አርብ ተራ
land lease auction in 2016. ሻንጣ እና ጣዉላ በርኖስ ጣሳ ተራ
የመርካቶ ንግዶች
የመርካቶ ሱቆች
የመርካቶ ተራ
የመርካቶ ሰዎች
34
Pasquali, V.2017.www.global finance.com.Accessed February, 2017
Yemengst, A.Yakob,B.Eyasu,K.2016.Urban plan preparation and inspection Department:Mercato Local Development plan. Addis Ababa/Ethiopia.81 pp.
Birhanu, S. 2003 E.C.”Ke Entoto Hamus Gebeya Eske Mercato”:From 1879-2000 E.C.Alpha Publishers,Addis Ababa/Ethio-
pia.328 pp. አላቸዉ መለያ አላቸዉ መጠሪያ 35
 The preparation of the Relocation of markets
masterplan by the italians,and [Piasa-4Kilo-Kazanchis]

02
the construction of rectangular to “Mercato indigino”
block shops
HISTORY OF ESTABLISHMENT AND TRANSFORMATION MARKETS
Italian Invasion
1928
PIASA

Mercato “MERCATO INDIGINO” 4KILO 1930

1930
KAZANCHIS

It’s now 79 years since the biggest market in Ethiopia These dedicated park areas are now named as RELOCATION

was established following the Italian invasion in 1928. “military tera”, “Tana Gebeya”, “Dir Tera” and “Ras 1935
soon after 2 years they started relocating the markets Mesfin sileshi building”.
that existed around “4 Kilo”, “Kazanchis” and “piasa” to
a new place which they called “merkato indigino” , some of the Italian’s plan for mercato includes putting 1940 1940
dedicated just for the native people and the Arabs. the market area on the center by surrounding it with a
residential districts like “American Gebi”, “Adere Sefer”,
Arabs traded goods in the city several years before the “Addis ketema mender” and “Ye teklay biro[bus tera]”.
1945
invasion. These merchants from the middle east have Although it’s hard to find indications of hardcopies of After the defeat of the italians
already established retail outlets or “Souks” around the masterplan, there are some people who claim to Densification started to occur
Green area converted to shop district
“piasa/Arada” and worked with Ethiopains. Through know what the original merkato area looked like and
time, a bond was created between these people and some of the construction seen now testify to their 1950
led to the intertwin of the two cultures. When Italy stories.
invaded the country, they relocated not just the Ethio-
pians but also the Arabs, to mercato. As a result, the Although the first rectangular block shops were 1955
market nature of merkato have a similarity with Arabi- constructed at the time of the Italians ,even after their
an markets. defeat [after 10 years] some of the other new shops
There were 9 masterplans prepared for the city of were built following that same plan.
Addis Ababa, and one of them was prepared by the 1960
The new masterplan which are being implemented
1961
Italians at the time of their invasion. since then the now are replacing the rectangular block shops with
market place has indications of these plans. new multistory shopping buildings, the roads are also
Some people say that the first mercato shops were developing to accommodate additional vehicular and 1965
rectangular blocks with parallel layout. When the other pedestrian traffic. The plan of locating a waste disposal
Relocation of the wood and wheat
markets mentioned earlier, were relocated to merkato area at the place of “min alesh tera” is now envisioned market to Atena tera and Mesalemiya
the people who can afford these rectangular block to be a public park. 1970
shops were given a chance to rent these spaces, but
those who didn’t, settled temporarily on the open areas From 1952-1961 Zemde G/Hiwot[Mayor of A.A] did a
dedicated for parks at the time. notable work towards changing the face of the market-
place. some of the works he did includes constructing 1975
After the defeat of the Italians, no one gave attention a bus terminal on the area, relocating the timber
to the Italian’s vision for mercato’s market, some of the market “Atena tera” to kolfe subcity and Relocating
reasons are: - food supply storages to “amanuel Mesalemiya”. New 1980
1-because the masterplan was prepared by the vehicular roads were constructed by demolising old
“enemy”. houses and investors were encouraged to change their
2-When the king returned to the country, the area they rectangular block shops into multistory shopping
1985
knew as a forest was now a big district and market buildings, Street vendors were offered the opportunity
place. hence, with the intention of putting their finger- to work in the two “adarash” buildings.
print on the city of A.A as well, they started focusing on
other things that the city required, so they didn’t give a After the establishment of the new government in 1984 1990
lot of attention to mercato. the country’s economy system changed to capitalism.
3-The government didn’t want to upset the investors During this time a new article was put forth dictating
and merchants of mercato, letting them to do as they that land was a property of the government, and to 1995
pleased. 1995
acquire a land one must lease it for a given time. The
government started to practice this law on merkato,
Due to these reasons no one took the initiative to and the merchants were forced to lease the land with
enforce the rules and guidelines set for the area. Even- 2000
a high price, in addition they were obligated to demol- The 9th Masterplan
tually many problems started to occur which became ish the old market and construct a new modern multi-
hard to solve. Some of these problems includes, the story shopping buildings. This led to the establishment
construction of shops which didn’t follow the master- of merchants to join and redevelop the area to the 2005
plan of the area, the other was the temporary shops required standards. Now merkato is home to a number
which were built on the dedicated park areas became of shopping buildings and still countless construction
legalized and permanent, leaving mercato to be highly is underway to transform the place into a modern 2009
2010
densified without open public and green space. shopping district.
Figure 15

?
Birhanu, S. 2003 E.C.”Ke Entoto Hamus Gebeya Eske Mercato”:From 1879-2000 E.C.Alpha Publishers,Addis Ababa/Ethiopia.328 pp. Redevelopment from single story
36 N:B chronologies are in Ethiopian Calender
open-air market to multi-story 37
shopping building
Figure 14
 03 “TERA” NAVIGATION
D E

C 5

Legend
2 6

1 Dubai Tera 17

2 Hunegnaw Mera A 1 3
4

3 Military Tera
8
4 Firash Tera 16

5 Anwar Mosque
7 9

6 Raguel Church 15

7 Adarash 1 LDP Of Addis Ketema

18
8 Adarash 2 13
14
19 A
9 Bus Stop 11

10 Doro Tera
12
20
Permitted land use- Commercial
11 Mierab Hotel
23
Maximum floor G+3
21

12 Mestawit Tera Minimum floor G+2

24
13 Joniya Tera
14 Dir Tera B
15 Tana Permitted land use- Commercial
22
16 Plastics B /Residential
17 Mintaf Tera /Handicraft
F
18 Mismar Tera Maximum floor G+2 to G+3
19 Stationary Tera Minimum floor G+2
20 Sidamo Tera
21 Bomb Tera C
22 Adere Tera
Permitted land use- Religious inst.
23 Min alesh Tera
/Public Space
24 Etan Tera
Maximum floor G+2
25 Chid Tera
Minimum floor G+2
Study Area 25

Addis Ketema D
Permitted land use- Mixed
Maximum floor G+2 to G+3
Minimum floor G+2

E
Permitted land use- Mixed
Maximum floor G+2 to G+10
Minimum floor G+2

F
Permitted land use- Recreational
Maximum floor G+0
Figure 16
Minimum floor G+0

38 39
 04 STUDY AREA
TOTAL NO. OF NUMBER OF

DESG
BUILDING NAME RETAIL SHOPS OCCUPIED VACANT FLOORS PROGRAM CATAGORY

X A Edget Bandnet Axion mahber 150 120 30 G+3 CR

B Ye edget meselal Build. 288 144 144 G+4 CR
X
C Addis Ababa Ye Gebeya makel 300 300 0 G+2 CRTx Cu Ma T
A D Military tera Build. 2 360 240 120 G+4 F Tx PL
R1 C
E Military tera Build. 1 240 240 0 G+2 F Tx PL
X
D F Ye meseret hiwot Axion mahber 1 125 50 75 G+4 CR Tx Cu T
B
G Ye meseret hiwot Axion mahber 2 125 50 75 G+4 CR Tx Cu T
E C H Dir Hinsta Build. 280 280 0 G+4+B Co DS Cs El PT
F I Dir tera Build. 280 210 70 G+4 Co Fu Cs
X J Africa Build. 212 142 70 G+4 DS El
K Tewekel Build. 280 210 70 G+5 G
L Raey Ye gebeyaMakel 150 120 30 G+4 ST FB
G X
M Kenny Build. 410 246 164 G+5 ST
Figure 18
N

PROGRAM CATAGORY
H
X
X 1 OTHER WARE HOUSE T Tailors Cs Construction Supplies F Fabrics
I
2 STAR GROUP WARE HOUSE Ma Mattress El Electrical Equipments PL Plastics
X
X I
Cu Curtains Fu Furnitures Co Cosmetics
J X BUILDINGS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
2 Tx Textiles G Goods DS Decoration Supplies
M
X
INTERVENTION AREA
1 CR Clothing Retail PT Power Tools ST Stationary Supplies
X X
FB Foods and Beverages Ca Carpets
K X L

0% 50% 100%

DESG
5 4 3 2 1+ G
80%
A
50%
B
100%
C
66.6%
D
100%
E
Legend 40%
F
40%
Multi-story Shopping Buildings G
100%
H
R1 Retail outlet 75%
I
66.9%
Site Selected J
75%
K
80%
L
80%
Figure 17 M
BUILD. HEIGHT EFFICIENCY LEVEL
40 Figure 19 41
A I A C

PR PR
CR Co
Fu Outlet
Cs

Big Volume open down

Outlet Display Extension

C J
PR PR
Cu DS
Tx El
CR Narrow Circulation Corridors Shops+Corridors Shops+Corridors Vs Proportion of Open down
T
Ma
K L

Praying Space
D K
PR PR
Tx G
F
PL

F L
PR PR
Undefined Circulation Created By the Activity
Cu ST
Tx FB
CR
T K F

In Convienience For Porters

Vacant

H M
PR PR
Co ST
DS
Cs
El
PT
Vibrant

Figure 20
42 43
Figure 21
 The “Rules Of Extension”
Retail Outlet Analysis
Allowed

MAIN STREET
SUB STREET

SUB STREET
Not Allowed
Location- R1
Area- 9Msq
Program- Shirt Wholesales/Retail
The shops Adjacent to the main street are not allowed to put

SHOP pICTURE OR SKETCH

MAIN STREET their merchandize outside their outlets, although many of
them do that. Other shops are allowed to put their merchan-
Open Outlet dize without no offset restrictions.

MAIN STREET
SUB STREET

SUB STREET
X

Figure 24

organization of goods +
Figure 22 Y Y Y

Storage

X
Clothing

30 Minutes,Time Taken To move the cloths from

Closed Outlet inside to outside...Process Related with moving includes
Dusting,Organizing....The Sales Person Sits Mostly
on the outside...The Shops Needs To be easily Y Y Y
Accessible B/c There is a high Transaction [moving of
X
merchandize in and out rapidly] TYPE A TYPE B TYPE C

SEC Y-Y Figure 25

Storage

Advantages
Prioritizing The Merchandize
X -It increases the usable area of the Retail outlets,
PLAN in turn increasing the number items that can be displayed
-It increases the visual accessibility to consumers

Disadvantages
-It increases the vulnerability for shop lifters Figure 26

-It hinders the circulation If the outlet sales more than one item, then the priority given to the item may
Storage
depend on the R/S of the item being sold with the demand set by the season. For
example if one shop sales [bags, Trousers, Jackets]then on cold seasons the give
SEC X-X priority of display to the jackets.
Figure 23
44 45
 Market place porosity Transformation

1 2 3 4
1 2
1930 1945- 1965- 2002 E.C

A
C

B D

E C
F

Open Air Platform Collection Of “Teras” G

N
3 4

J
2
M
1

K L

Transformation into Buildings Current Redevelopments

Figure 27

Access into the market buildings became less porous and confined. Building Access Points

The current buildings are more concerned with internal circulation, not Pedestrian Path Way
the circulation connected with the immediate side walk.
Congested Entry Points

Figure 28

46 47
FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
01 Findings
02 Synthesis
03 Conclusion
04 Recommendations

49
 01 FINDINGS 02 SYNTHESIS

Building Height
Following the 9th master plan, Mercato is under a The redevelopment approach towards mercato
rapid transformation which resulted in the trans- should be re-structured by introducing mixed-use New Program
programs, so that the vertical spaces of these +
formation of the market setting into a multistory Market
building. Old New buildings can be used efficiently which could
benefit the developers and could have a reason-
The LDP [local development plan], As One of the able impact on the society.
redevelopment strategy, allocated 31.4% of Addis
Ketema Mercato’s district for a sole commercial
purpose.

As of 2016 there are over 15 multistory shopping Open-Air Multistory Building

buildings giving service. The research shows that
Stake holders should collaborate towards the
from the 11 samples taken for study most of these
re-development process, instead of competing
buildings vertical spaces are vacant or used as
they should work together to bring a harmonized
storage spaces.
market structure which would benefit both the
vacant end-users and stakeholders.
In addition to this, most of these buildings interior Collaboration of stakeholders
spaces show: -

Congested circulation as a result of the outlet

31.4% Commerce
display extensions. R e - D e v e l o p m e n t
Inconvenient vertical circulation systems for
porters.
The purpose and byproduct of this redevelop-
Unplanned additions of outlets on the building
ment spree should not just be profit making. It
lobby area.
should also preserve, improve and resonate the
Absence of comfortable communal spaces for Congested corridors Porters
spatial, historical and socio-cultural characteris- Culture
activities like: prayers and “Equbs”.
tics of the place. History
The misuse of the building lobby area resulting in
Value
undefined circulation space. Profit

The close study of a retail outlet shows, a

valuable time is lost every day due to the unfit
movement in Lobby Additions of outlets
design of the space to the required programs. The construction of new buildings should
Integrate public and open space which inspires
interaction b/n peoples, there by adding an
Although the street corridors of mercato has economic and social value to the place. Public Open space
improved and allowed more pedestrians and
vehicles to move around, on the contrary the
transformation of the market place from open air
to multistory building lead to a less porous
market interface.

In terms of height regulation, the buildings that Absence of quiet praying space Before any intervention is made there should be
are constructed currently are compromising a close inspection of the existing buildings, and Culture

Mercato’s low-rise character. the proposal should provide the options:- to fully
History
Value

Streets Vs Buildings demolish, renovate or upgrade their use, as these

buildings represent historical and cultural identity Deep Inspection
The buildings interfaces and facades are not
of the place and the people.
easily readable and does not communicate the
“Tera’s” they’re incorporating.
Absence of Communal Space
Figure 29

50 51
 03 CONCLUSION

Mercato is under a rapid transformation, behind this driving force are social, economic and political factors. The
transformation taking place is, the redevelopment of the old market setting to a multistory shopping building.
As the accessibility of a market place increases, Stakeholders and developers to compensate for their investment, they intensify the retail outlets which means
Surrounding
the interaction of people with the place also Accessability they also have to build higher to accommodate these units. But due to the market tradition/character both retail-
increases. Resulting in an outstanding market Market ers and consumers prefer the ground floor use which left the vertical spaces to be empty and inefficient and this
platform where people can interact and move Interaction
around. brings a problem to the stakeholders in terms of investment Returns. The place itself is losing its historical value
and character, to the retailers it’s hard for them to adopt to this “modernity”, so they use the building as they see
it fit.

Since the ground floor space of mercato is

valuable and used intensely, Adding greeneries
on these spaces should be a second priority. Ground floor use Priority
Nonetheless greeneries should be incorporated 1st Market
as they give balance to the climatic aspect of the
04
2nd Greenery
environment and create an enjoyable space. RECOMMENDATION

Introducing new program like Housing, on the The streets and corresponding buildings should be
Existing Intervention vertical spaces of these new buildings of mercato well-connected and should allow maximum walk-
ensures an efficient use of these spaces and is ability and accessability. Buildings should encourage
While transforming from single-story to multisto- advantageous towards satisfying the developer a passive vertical circulation systems which are
ry building, easy visual identification mechanisms needs and balancing housing demand of the city. convienient both for pedestrians and porters.
of “Tera’s” should be developed.
Tera’s
In addition to the mixed-use development of Greenery’s should be incorporated in the buildings
market-housing, other various programs are also at the upper floors to compensate for the less-green
proposed in accordance with the contextual back- intensified ground floor use of mercato.
ground and the programmatic study of the specific
sites in the area. i.e. market-storage Buildings Facades/interface should represent the
Tera’s there by improving the navigation systems
A modern re-interpretation of the Ethiopian Buildings should be constructed in a synchronized throughout the district.
market character within the framework of way to promote a rich user experience. i.e. allowing
retail/wholesale outlet unit design should be lateral movements from block to block on the upper The design of retail/wholesale outlets units should
introduced to serve Mercato’s dynamic market floors. be transformable and provide a range of product
Market Evolution
character. display systems. They should also respond instantly
The buildings constructed in mercato should be to the user’s needs.
sensitive towards the height regulation so that
Mercato’s low-rise market character would be Spaces for activities like prayers and “Equbs” should
preserved. be provided in these buildings to create an improved
social interaction and better execution of these
The availability of communal and public spaces Buildings should provide encloed passage ways and tasks by the people.
in these buildings is necessary towards creating a public open spaces to create an interactive social
quality social interaction Public Space and economic platform.

Buildings of historical and cultural value should be

preserved as its one of the important strategies
towards Keeping the characteristics of the market
Figure 30
place.

52 53
SITE ANALYSIS
01 Urban Analysis
02 Block Analysis

55
 01 URBAN ANALYSIS
3
Legend
4
Redeveloped Buildings 4

BLOCK A “Bego Adragot Adarash”

H
BLOCK B Joniya Tera 4
A
Informal Vendors H

T
Greenary[Tana]
B2
Sunday Market
4
Building Access Points B1 B
6
H Historical Buildings/“Mehal Gebeya Adarash” 4

T “Tana” Market Building

4
B1 “Bego Adragot Adarash”1 4

B2 “Bego Adragot Adarash”2

4
Number of storey

X
Parking Area
4

Pedestrian

Porters

Vehicular Path 1.6

%

Vehicles Congestion
%
3.5

Taxi Stop

Bus Stop

City Bus
Other Vehicles

Taxi[Mini Bus]
Built unbuilt/Topography Map

+ - Topography

Built Unbuilt

0 30 90 180m Slope
Figure 31

56 57
 10m

02 BLOCK ANALYSIS
30m A
1 1 1 1 5

4m 8m 1 1 1 1 8m

1 1 1 1 1st Floor

1 1 1 1
BLOCK A /”Bego Adragot Adarsh”
1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1
AREA
MS 2400 Msq
1 1 1 1
Total Number of outlets
80m 1 1 1 1

MS SAS 57+Cafe/Restaurant
1 1 1 1 1.6% SAS
Programs
1 1 1 1
1 Clothing /Jewllery
1 1 1 1
2 Cosmetics
1 1 1 1 3 Furniture Store
4 Others
1 1
5 Cafe And Restaurant
4 1
2
4 1 1 3
BLOCK B /Joniya Tera

AREA
2100 Msq
11m MS
MS

30m
B Total Number of outlets
108
8 8 7 7 7 6

10m 6m Programs
8 8 8 8 8 6
6 Decorations
10 10 6 9 8 6 7 Construction materials
10 8 9 9 8 7 8 Cosmetics
10 9 9 9 8 7
9 Jewllery Accessories
10 9 9 9 8 7
10 Birthday Decors
11 9 9 9 8 7
11 9 9 9 8 7
11 Glass/Mirror
SAS 11 9 9 9 8 7 SAS 12 Sack’s/”Joniya”
70m 11 8 8 9 8 7
SAS
3.5%

6 8 8 9 8 7
6 8 8 9 8 7 SAS
6 8 8 9 8 7
6 8 8 9 8 7
MS Main Street
9
6 12 8 8 7 SAS Sub Arterial Street
6 12 12 9 12 7
Bus Stop
6 12 12 12 7 7
Parking
8 8 8 8 8 7 Slope
Neighboring Building Entrance

7.5m SAS
SAS
58 Ground Floor Plan
0 3 6 12 30m Figure 32 Figure 33 59
Figure 34
DESIGN PROPOSAL
01 City Scale Intervention
02 Urban Design
03 Architectural Design
Program Development
Program Allocation and Spatial Relationship
Design Approach
Architectural Drawings
Exploded Diagram
Apartment Unit Design
Retail Outlet Design
3D Renderings

61
 City scale Strategy

01 CITY SCALE INTERVENTION

The government and the developers/stakeholders of mercato should work together
towards redeveloping mercato using the following tactics.

1.The government should lower land lease of the area, in turn giving the developers
the opportunity to find alternative ways of densification with more than one program.
ADDIS KETEMA “MERCATO” 2.The stakeholders should redevelop following mixed use development, especially
giving focus to the housing sector.

In conclusion both parties could benefit as the vertical spaces of the redeveloped
buildings would be inhabited and the city’s housing demand can be reduced.
ETHIOPIA
ADDIS ABABA FROM YOHANNES

FROM MESALEMIYA FROM GIORGIS AND PIASA

PO

RIMo
EDPS

RICh

FS

CB
S
FROM T/HAIMANOT AND
TEWDROS RO. ABOUT

EDPS

RIMo
HC EDPS

Launch of Affordable housing Project since 2004 WO

~1000,000

Registered individuals For Housing Since 2012,

close to one million Legend

Land use

EDPS
Under Construction
400,000
Finished Redevelopment RIMo Mosque
RI Religious institutions
Current Goal, to build 400,000 units b/n 2010-2015 HC Health Centers
RICh Church
Public Services FS Fuel Station
EDHS High School
ED Education
EDPS Primary School
CBS City Bus Station
Historical Building

WO Woreda Admin.
Administrations
PO Police Stations

42.75% Entertainment

Only 171,000 units built so far Public open Spaces

Mixed use Proposal

Greenery

THE 5 ENTRY POINTS INTO

42.75% +”X”% THE DISTRICT OF ADDIS KETEMA “MERCATO”

Assuming mercato’s mixed-use development of social

housing with market, It has the capacity to increase the FROM ABINET

housing units supply by ”X” units A

B
0.57%
3.38%
C 11.8%

Figure 36 D 84.2%

Figure 37
TOTAL AREA OF ADDIS KETEMA “MERCATO”=1,136,000 Msq
A TOTAL AREA OF CONSERVED SITE =6,426 Msq [0.57 %]
Figure 35
B TOTAL AREA OF RELIGIOUS INSTITUTE =38,404 Msq [3.38 %]
C TOTAL REDEVELOPED AREA=134,064 Msq [11.8 %]
62 D TOTAL IMPENDING REDEVELOPMENT AREA =957,106 Msq [84.2 %] 63
 02 URBAN DESIGN

STRATEGIES

-Interconnection and synchronization of blocks at the first floor to re-create

the ground floor character and create a maximum pedestrian mobility.

-Increasing mixed use development i.e housing + market

-Putting a strict Height regulation so as to preserve the lowrise character of the place

Figure 38
64 65
 P
00
00
00 00
00
00
00
00 PO
00 00 00 08

00 00
07

00 00 05
00 00 R1
EDPS
00 06
00 00 00
03
11 R2
00 00
00 04
00
02 10’
00 00
00
00 10
01 11’
00
09 06
00
00 12
00 05
’
00 00
00 00 ’ 04
01 09 13 F

00 03
00 09
00 02 15
00 08
00 00
00 07
00 00
00 14 00

18
23 00
00 16
P 00
WO 00 22
00 27
00 17 00
00
21
00
00 26
31
10
36 20 25 30 00

32 19 24 29 00
00
33 11
00
00 00 28 00 00
E
34
00 00 00
00 00
00 00 00

35
00
0S0P
00
EDPS 00 00
00
00 00 00
35 00
Legend 00
PS
ED 00
00
P Public Space 00
HC R3
00 35 00
SP Sunday Market+Parking Building 00
00
00 00
E Entertainment 00 00
PO Police Station 00
35 00
HC Health Center 00 00
00 00
WO Woreda Admin. 00 00
00 00
EDPS Primary School 00
00
00
35
Market+Housing 00 00
00
00
Metal Shops+Store warehouse 00
00 00
Store warehouse+Metal Workshops+Recycling industry
Spareparts+
Existing Buildings
00
Conserved Buildings 00
PS
Market+Offices 00 ED
00
R Religious Institutes
00
Market+ 00 00
Pension
00
Taxi Stop
P
Bus Stop
00 00
F Fuel Station
Greenery
00
Height Regulation-
Max Floors- G+5

Urban Map

0 30 90 180 360m
Figure 39
66 67
 03 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

Program Development
24 Living Rm
Residential Residential 7.7 Bed Rm
3.2 Bath Rm
Service Core Service Core
7.3 Kitchen
Market 2407 Market Area1 Market 2100 Market Area2

Block 2
Block 1

47 Single Bed Room[T-1] 3.7 Balcony

1900 Market Area1’ 1661 Market Area2’
Residential
590 Supermarket 3.4 Staff Lo/men 53.3 Apartment LoY 6 Toilet/unisex 83 Duplex [T-2] 24 Living Rm
3.4 Staff Lo/women 23 Security Ch. pt. 11.6 Bed Rm 1
5.4 Toilet/men 4.3 Bath Rm
420 Reastaurant 3.4 Staff Lo/men
5.4 Toilet/women 6.3 Clothing Retail 1 5.3 Kitchen
3.4 Staff Lo/women
6 Janitor Rm. 9 Clothing Retail 2 2 Balcony 1
5.2 Toilet/men
14 Mechanical Rm. 9.3 Bed Rm 2
5.2 Toilet/women 8.7 Cosmetics Retail
11.5 Cold Rm. 2.7 Balcony 2
3 Janitor Rm. 9 Glass Retail
52.6 Bulk Storage 15.6 Sitting Area
14.8 Supervisor off. Market
14 Sitting Area 3.15 Accessories Retail
6.9 Cold Rm.
10 Supervisor Off. 9 Decoration Supply
13.7 Storage
13 Load/Unload.
56 Kitchen 8.7 Sack”Joniya” Retail
8.5 Security Ch. pt.
13 Office 13.6 Construction Supply
245 Building Admin. 15.6 Office 1
14.4 Office 2
53.3 Apartment LoY 6 Toilet/unisex
11.4 Copy Rm.
23 Security Ch. pt.
16.5 Supply Rm. 15.5 Toilet/Men
109 Praying space 55 Men 4.6 Janitors Rm. 15.5 Toilet/Women
Service Core
54 Women 21.4 Sitting Area 5 Janitors Rm.
21.4 CEO Off.
301 Laundary 5 Staff Lo/men 19 Fire Escape
48.5 Meeting Rm.
5 Staff Lo/Women
48.7 Store 1 255 Bakery 8.5 Packaging Rm.
69 Store 2 51.2 Baking Rm.
34 Washing Area 4.2 Cold Rm.
Block 1 Block 2
8.9 Mechanical Rm. 17.4 Bulk Storage
15 Prep. Rm. 11.9 Supervisor Off.
815 Public Park
9.5 Sorting Rm. 12.3 Sitting Area
288 Pedestrian O.P
6.8 Janitors Rm.
1050 Public Corridor 7 Mechanical Rm.
1076 Parking 1 6 Staff Lo/men

2328 Parking 2 3 4 6 Staff Lo/women

12 Security Ch. pt. 1995 Parking 2’ 3’ 4’

9.8 Security Ch. pt. 982 Market
65 Stationary 913 Public Corridor’
47 Rentable shop1 7.9 Security Ch. pt.
40 Rentable shop2 2 Trash Disposal’
107 Rentable shop3 11 Janitors Rm.’
2 Trash Disposal
11 Janitors Rm.

68 69
 Program Allocation and Spatial Relationship

M.STREET
AU.TY-1 AU.TY-1 AU.TY-1 AU.TY-1 AU.TY-1 AU.TY-1
MARKET

B.BLOCK-2 B.BLOCK-1 IN.STREET P.CORRIDOR

Tr. Dp. S.CORE Tr. Dp.

S.CORE
AU.TY-1 AU.TY-1 AU.TY-1 AU.TY-1
M.STREET

S.CORE
MARKET
BUILDING ADMIN. BAKERY PRAYING SPACE LAUNDARY
STAIR
BATH RM. J.RM. BATH RM.
S.CORE P.PARK

RESTAUNRANT DEPARTMENT STORES

SUPERMARKET
Recreational HOUSING
S.CORE S.CORE
MIXED COMMERCIAL

PEDESTRIAN WALKWAY PEDESTRIAN WALKWAY

MARKET
GR

PARKING

H
AF

B A

HOUSING

MIXED COMMERCIAL

J I H MARKET

Legend
A Block A AF Addis Fana Build. IN.STREET- Internal Street
M.STREET- Main Street
Figure 40
B Block B H Historical Build./”Mehal
Gebeya Adarash” P.PARK- Public Park
H “Dir Hinsta” Build.
AU.TY-1- Apartment Unit Typlogy-1
70 I “Dir Tera” Build. Circulation 71
S.CORE- Service Core
J Africa Build. Tr. Dp.- Trash Disposal
 B

Design Approach A

Block A and B
Block B- 2100 Msq Block A- 2415 Msq

Block A and B

Program Allocation

Market Place Accessability

-Market Place Accessability

-Interconnecting Blocks Afternoon [Sun 2:30-05:30Pm]

NorthWest side exposed to Afternoon sun Using the secondary road side as a residential
entrance[less Hectic]
Rearranging the sensitive products [cosmetics] on
the opposite side of the afternoon sun
S.C S.C
Placing heavy duty supplyers[ construction
material] in close proximity to the main street for
Construction material supply Accessory Retails ease of loading and unloading
segregating Access points Sack”Joniya” Retails Clothing Retails
for Residents and consumers Cosemtics Retails S.C Service Core

B.A B L Introducing Complimentary programs for the

P.S
housing
P.P
S.C S.C
Connecting the two blocks to harmonize and
R R D.S D.S enhance the circulation

B Bakery P.P Public Park D.S Department Stores

L Laundary S.C Service Core B.A Building Adminstration
R Restaurant P.S Praying Space
Cutting the blocks

Cutting the blocks to create a controlled environ-

ment and increase natural lighting
Connecting the two blocks to harmonize and
enhance the circulation

Apartment Unit Design Approach

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Intensifiying the apartment units through minimal
spatial design with out compromizing the hight
regulation, to compensate for the site’s high value
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Figure 41

72 73
 Apartment unit Design Approach Retail outlet Design Approach

Axis of symmetry

-To use the space 3Dminensionally

-Dynamic outlet design

Accessory Retail Outlet

The outlet opens by a mechanism of folding doors to save space.

Making the residential design introvert-
ed and arranging the residential
programs in terms of Nosie Sensitivity

Perforating the building to create visual

access to the outside context
Folding doors as display panels
Noise Intensity

creating a pedestrian walkway which

acts as a skylight for the market and a
Decoration supply Retail Outlet
sound barrier for the residence High Low Low High Extension of ceiling component to enhance the visual display of items.

K BA L BE ST BE L BA K

Spatial Arraingment in relation to noise intensity

Legend
Sunlight Blocked Noise
Visual Access walkway Mixed Commercial
Housing Afternoon Sun
Market Pedestrian Circulation
Clothing Retail outlet

The outlet can be customized to allow flexibility of merchandize display for the retailer.

-Apartment unit arrangment Typology 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

-zoning the circulation area interms of privacy

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
-Seating elements

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Construction Material Supply outlet

Apartment unit arrangment Typology 2 Suitable design for a range of products.

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Apartment unit arrangment Typology 2

P.V.C Stacking Space

Figure 42 Figure 43
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

74 75
 Architectural Design Drawings

B A

Site Plan
A Block A
B Block B

0 15 30 90m

Aerial view
76 77
 E
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

F D
A

A A
C 02 01 C

00 00

B B

F D
BASEMENT 1

1' 2' 3' 4' 5' 6' 7' 8' 9' 10' 11' 12' 13' 14' 15' 16' 17' 18' 19'

E
2nd Basement Floor Plan
Area[Msq]
55 00 Service Core
2328 01 Basement Parking 2
1995 02 Basement Parking 2’

E
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

F D
A

A A
C 04 02 C

C 03
00 00

01 01
D

B B

F D
BASEMENT 1
FLOOR PLAN

1' 2' 3' 4' 5' 6' 7' 8' 9' 10' 11' 12' 13' 14' 15' 16' 17' 18' 19'

E
1st Basement Floor Plan
Area[Msq]
55 00 Service Core
53.3 01 Apartment LoY
1076 02 Parking
590 03 Supermarket 0 3 6 12 30m
982 04 Basement Market

78 79
 E
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

F D
A

B
04 03

A A
C C
02 01

00 00

B B

F D

1' 2' 3' 4' 5' 6' 7' 8' 9' 10' 11' 12' 13' 14' 15' 16' 17' 18' 19'

Ground Floor Plan

Area[Msq]
55 00 Service Core
2407 01 Market Area 1
2100 02 Market Area 2
12 03 Security Ch. Pt.
7.9 04 Security Ch. Pt.’

0 3 6 12 30m

80 81
 E
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

F D
A

A A
C C

02 01

00 00

B B

F D

1st Floor Plan 1' 2' 3' 4' 5' 6' 7' 8' 9' 10' 11' 12' 13' 14' 15' 16' 17' 18' 19'

E
Area[Msq]
55 00 Service Core
1900 01 Market Area 1’
1661 02 Market Area 2’

E
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

F D
A

08
06
03 03
05 01
B

A A
C C

04
C 07 02 02 02 02
00 00

B B

F D

2nd Floor Plan 1' 2' 3' 4' 5' 6' 7' 8' 9' 10' 11' 12' 13' 14' 15' 16' 17' 18' 19'
2ND FLOOR

E
Area[Msq]
55 00 Service Core
300 01 Laundary
259 02 Department Stores
109 03 Praying Space
815 04 Public Park
255 05 Bakery 0 3 6 12 30m
245 06 Building Admin.
420 07 Restaurant
9.8 08 Security Ch. Pt.

82 83
 E
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

F D
A

03

A A
C C
04 02

05 05 05 05
C

00 00
06 06 06 06

B B

F D

3rd Floor Plan 1' 2' 3' 4' 5' 6' 7' 8' 9' 10' 11' 12' 13' 14' 15' 16' 17' 18' 19'

E
Area[Msq]
19 00 Service Core
47 01 Single Bed Room[T-1]
1050 02 Public Corridor
288 03 Pedestrian O.P
913 04 Public Corridor’
2 05 Trash Disposal
11 06 Janitors Rm.

0 3 6 12 30m

84 85
 E
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

F D
A

A A
03 02
C C

00 00

B B

F D

4th Floor Plan 1' 2' 3' 4' 5' 6' 7' 8' 9' 10' 11' 12' 13' 14' 15' 16' 17' 18' 19'
4TH FLOOR

E
PLAN

Area[Msq]
19 00 Service Core
83 01 Duplex [T-2]
400 02 Public Corridor
380 03 Public Corridor’

E
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

F D
A

A A
C C

B B

F D

5th Floor Plan 1' 2' 3' 4' 5' 6' 7' 8' 9' 10' 11' 12' 13' 14' 15' 16' 17' 18' 19'
5TH FLOOR

E
Area[Msq]
83 00 Duplex [T-2]

0 3 6 12 30m

86 87
 North East Elevation

South West Elevation

0 3 6 12 30m

88 89
 Section E-E

Section B-B
0 3 6 12 30m

90 91
 Section F-F

Section C-C
0 3 6 12 30m

92 93
 Section D-D

Section A-A
0 3 6 12 30m

94 95
 Structural System

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

1' 2' 3' 4' 5' 6' 7' 8' 9' 10' 11' 12' 13' 14' 15' 16' 17' 18' 19'

Waffle Slab Layout

Water Reservoir

Roof Access

Security Ch. Pt.

Service Core

Structural Column

Service Duct

Security Ch. Pt.

Security Ch. Pt.

Security Ch. Pt. Security Ch. Pt.

Exploded Diagram

96 97
 Apartment Units Design

08 07 T-2

06 04’

05’

Single Bed Room[T-1] Duplex [T-2]

03’

T-2
02’

01’

T-1 T-2
T-2
02 05
Apartment Typologies
04
Single Bed Room[T-1] Duplex [T-2] 01
Single Bed Room[T-1] 03
Total number- 44 Total number- 44
7.80 x
Area[Msq] Area[Msq]
service duct
47 83
24 01 Living Room 24 01’ Living Room
05 04 03
7.3 02 Kitchen 5.3 02’ Kitchen
Entrance
7.7 03 Bed Room 2 03’ Balcony 1
T-2
5.75 3.2 04 Bath Room 11.6 04’ Bed Room 1
3.7 05 Balcony 2.7 05’ Balcony 2
y 02 3.50 01 3
y 9.3 06 Bed Room 2 Isometric Exploded Drawing
2.6 4.3 07 Bath Room
15.6 08 Sitting Area

10.15 x 5.93 3.77 2.4 2.95

3rd FL. Plan
07 08 06 3 5th Fl 06 04’ 5th Fl

Duplex [T-2] 10
x

7.88 3.95
8.15 Entrance
x 07
05’
2.95 02’ 01’ 3 4th Fl 01’ 4th Fl
4.53
5.9 04’
2.11
4.25 2.3 01’
08 3 2.2
9.95
y 3.4 y y 2.4
06 y
3.67
03’ 02’
05 02 01 3rd Fl 02 03 3rd Fl
3

x 4th FL. Plan x 5th FL. Plan

98 99
All measurments are in meters Section Y-Y Section X-X
 01 Opening sequence 03 Display Arrangements Typologies
Retail Outlet Design 01
Outlet Typologies

Total number:-
A
Area[Msq] Heights of the decoration outlets
Shutter door
3.15 01 Accessory Retail 69 may vary to adopt to the A’ opening upward

6.3 02 Clothing Retail 1 18 building’s floor to cieling variation

9 03 Clothing Retail 2 92 P.V.C Display 12m width
9 04 Decoration Supply 34
13.6 05 Construction Supply 36
8.7 06 “Joniya”/Cosmetics Retail 56
1.5 Shutter door casing B
1.5
B’ Two of the
display panels
Folding doors pull out
2.1 02 acts as a
A 01
A 2.45 01 display units

sec A-A
3 C
C’
Shutter door casing
3
1.9

2.1 3
B B 02
02

03
D
sec B-B
The other
two can be
rotated 90’
[Optional]
3 3

1.42
3
C 03
C 3 03 E

sec C-C

1.5 3 3

04 F
Decoration supply
3 Display hangers
3
D 04 D 3 04

sec D-D
P.V.C display[12m width] G
6.1 05
6.1 06
P.V.C Display

3.7 3 2.9
E 05 06
E 3.25
2.7 05 06
H
The Shelving units
on the display panels
can be transformed
from a shoes holder
Plan sec E-E to cloth hanger

100 101
All measurments are in meters
 B 01

102 Perspective of housing corridor Perspective of public park

103
 B 02

104 Interior view of Block A Interior view of Block B

105
106
 GLOSSARY REFERENCES

Adarash Hall/Market hall Al-Maimani A., 2013.Master Thesis/Socio-spatial Study of Traditional Souqs in the Arabian
Peninsula, the Decline of Traditional Souqs: the Case of Souq Mutrah, Muscat, Oman.University of Qatar.529 pp.
Chid Hay
CSA Central Statistics Agency Birhanu, S. 2003 E.C.“Ke Entoto Hamus Gebeya Eske Mercato”:From 1879-2000 E.C.Alpha Publishers,Addis
Ababa/Ethiopia.328 pp.
Dir Spider Web
Doro Chicken Birhanu, S. 2014. “The decline of Mercato’s historical value and tourism attraction.”Addis Admas Megazine.

E.C Ethiopian calendar Britannica.2016.www.Britannica.com.Accessed November, 2016

Etan Frankincense
Coleman. 2006. Shopping environments: Evolution, Planning and design (1st edition.)
Equb money saving mechanism within a group of people
Ellen D. and June W. 2017. Retrofitting suburbia:Urban design solutions for redesigning suburbs.www.Build a
Firash Mattress better Burb.Accessed January, 2017
Gebeya Market
Heyaw T.2005.Contested Space:Transformation of Inner-City Market Areas, and Users Reaction in Addis
Gebi Compound Ababa,Ethiopia.Trondheim:Ph.D. Thesis NTNU.292 pp.
Joniya Sack
Kocaili, B.E. 2010.Evolution of shopping malls: Recent Trends and Questions of Regeneration.
Mismar Nail
Mestawit Glass/Mirror mbaknol.2016.www.mbaknol.com.Accessed November, 2016

Porter Transportation of goods by human OxFord Dictionary.2016.www.OxFord Dictionary.com.Accessed May, 2016

Wereda District
TheFreeDictionary.2016.www.TheFreeDictionary/Anchor Store.com.Accessed November, 2016
Souk Shop/ Retail outlet
Wikipedia.2016.www.wikipedia/Marketplace.com.Accessed November, 2016
Tera A market area where a group of outlets sell similar goods
Wikipedia.2016.www.wikipedia/Mixed-use developments.com.Accessed November, 2016

Wikipedia.2016.www.wikipedia/Market Square.com.Accessed November, 2016

Wikipedia.2016.www.wikipedia/Retail.com.Accessed November, 2016

Wikipedia.2016.www.wikipedia/Shopping hub.com.Accessed November, 2016

Wikipedia.2016.www.wikipedia/Shopping.com.Accessed November, 2016

Wikipedia.2016.www.wikipedia/Souk.com.Accessed November, 2016

Wikipedia.2016.www.wikipedia/Shopping mall.com.Accessed November, 2016

Wikipedia.2016.www.wikipedia/Selling.com.Accessed November, 2016

108 109
 APPENDIX

Interview survey Format

seidabdu789@gmail.com
+251 912 706 190
Interview survey Format
P.O BOX-81250 A.A,ETHIOPIA

Date / /2016 G.C

Build. Designation.

Name of the building.

How many are the total number of retail outlets?

How many of them are vacant?

How many of them are occupied?

Remark

Ethiopian Institute of Architecture,

Building Construction and City Development
የኢትዮጵያ አርክቴክቸር ፡ ህንጻ ግንባታ እና ከተማ ልማት ተቋም
Addis Ababa University
አዲስ አበባ ዩኒቨርሲቲ

110