CBLM Robert

MODULE CONTENT
The unit of competency, “Obey and Observe Traffic Rules and Regulations", a unit, “covers
the skills, knowledge and attitudes required in obeying and observing traffic rules and
regulations while driving articulated vehicle.” The module, Obeying and Observing Traffic
Rules and Regulations, contains training materials and activities related to observing traffic
signs and road markers, obeying traffic rules and regulations, practicing courtesy, and
respecting traffic enforcers and other traffic management unit. In this module, you are
required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete each learning
outcome. In each learning outcome are Information Sheets, Self Checks, Task Sheets and
Job Sheets. Follow and perform the activities on your own. If you have questions, do not
hesitate to ask for assistance from your facilitator.
Remember to:
Read information sheets and complete the self-checks. Suggested references are
included to supplement the materials provided in this module.
Perform the Task Sheets and Job Sheets until you are confident that your outputs
conform to the Performance Criteria Checklist that follows the sheets.
Submit outputs of the Task Sheets and Job Sheets to your facilitator for evaluation
and recording in the Accomplishment Chart. Outputs shall serve as your portfolio
during the Institutional Competency Evaluation.
When you feel confident that you have had sufficient practice, ask your trainer to
evaluate you. The results of your assessment will be recorded in your Progress
Chart and Accomplishment Chart.
You must pass the Institutional Competency Evaluation for this competency before moving
to another competency. A Certificate of Achievement will be awarded to you after passing
the evaluation. You need to complete this module before you can perform the module on
Observe Road Health and Safety Practices.
CBLMs on Driving NC II OBEY and OBSERVE TRAFFIC RULES AND REGULATIONS
Date Developed: JUNE 2021
COMPILED BY: ROBERT A. DELFIN Page 1

DRIVING NC II COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
LIST COMPETENCIES
NO. UNIT OF COMPETENCIES MODULE TITLE CODE
1. Carry Out Minor Vehicle Carry Out Minor ALT723348

Maintenance and Servicing Vehicle
Maintenance and
Servicing
2. Drive Light Vehicle Obeying Drive Light Vehicle ALT832302

Obeying
3. Observe Traffic Rules and Observe Traffic ALT832303

Regulations Rules and
Regulations
4. Implement and Coordinate Implement and ALT832304

Accident-Emergency Procedures Coordinate
Accident-
Emergency
Procedures

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Obey and Observe Traffic Rules and Regulations
MODULE TITLE : Obeying and Observing Traffic Rules and Regulations
INTRODUCTION :This module involves the skills, knowledge and attitudes

required in obeying and observing traffic rules and regulations while
driving light vehicle. This module includes obeying traffic rules and
regulations, practicing courtesy, and respecting traffic enforcers and
other traffic management unit.
Learning Outcomes: Upon the completion of this module, you must be able to:
1. Observe traffic signs and road markers

2. Obey traffic rules and regulations
3. Practice courtesy
4. Respect traffic enforcers and other traffic management unit
Assessment Criteria:
1. Traffic signs and road markers are identified and followed in accordance with concerned
traffic authorities.
2. Traffic rules and regulations are identified and followed in accordance with concerned
3. License and registrations are maintained as prescribed by law.
4. Driver outfit/attire is worn as prescribed by law.
5. Positive work values are demonstrated as per code of ethics of drivers
6. Complaints are responded and handled with respect based on driver's code of ethics
7. Reminders are conveyed to passengers politely.
8. Traffic authority instructions are compiled as prescribed by law.
9. Traffic violation tickets/receipts issued by Traffic enforcers are accepted and
appropriate action is taken.

LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY
LEARNING OUTCOME # 1 OBSERVE TRAFFIC SIGNS AND ROAD

MARKERS
CONTENT:
 Traffic sign
 Road signs and markers
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Traffic signs and road markers are identified and followed in accordance with
concerned traffic authorities.
CONDITION:
Students/trainees must be provided with the following:
LTO/LTFRB Code Handbook

ASSESSMENT METHOD:
 Interview (oral/questionnaire)
 Observation
 Demonstration of practical skills
 Written Exam
LEARNING EXPERIENCES
LEARNING ACTIVITIES SPECIAL INSTRUCTION
Read Information Sheet 1.1-1 Traffic signs

and road markers
Listen and watch the lecture demonstration Read and understand the information sheet
on the on how traffic signs and road markers and Check yourself by answering the Self-
were identify and follow. Check.

You must answer all questions correctly
before proceeding to the next activity.
Answer Self-Check 1.1-1
. Check answers with Answer Key 1.1-1
Perform Task Sheet 1.1-1 Drive Safely in

Heavy Traffic

Evaluate using Performance Criteria
Checklist 1.1-1
Information Sheet 1.1-1

OBSERVE TRAFFIC SIGNS AND ROAD MARKERS “Your Destination Is Reward for Safe
Driving.”
Learning Objectives:
After reading this Information Sheet, you should be able to:
1. Identify the different traffic signs and road markers; and
2. Explain each meaning to perform driving light vehicle.
Introduction:
In the previous lesson, you learned different traffic signs and road markers and its
corresponded meaning. The importance of observing and following of those signs. Traffic
rules and regulations/ordinances and techniques and skills in good and safe driving. Traffic
signs or road signs are signs erected at the side of or above roads to give instructions or
provide information to road users. A sign usually on the side of a street or highway bearing
symbols or words of warning or direction to motorists or pedestrians and often having a
characteristic shape. Road Markers or Road markings and road lines can be found along the
road or across the road to provide awareness to hazards, to give drivers rules or for

directions. You must know what traffic signs and road markings mean before you attempt
to drive on a public road. This section focuses on the signs that you as a driver will come
across most often. You must know and understand these signs and respond correctly when
you see them on the road.
ROAD TRAFFIC SIGNS

A. REGULATORY SIGNS
 Signs that inform road users of traffic laws and regulations which, if disregarded will
constitute an offense.
 It is important to know that you must follow the rules that are displayed by the
regulatory signs because they are presenting you the traffic laws.
1. Priority Signs Stop Sign Driver must come to a complete stop at the limit line,
crosswalk, or before the intersection.
• Yield Sign You must slow and stop if necessary, and give the right of way to the
vehicles in the cross traffic path; proceed only when it is safe.
2. Direction Signs These signs indicate the only direction(s) in which the motorist is
obliged to follow.
• Keep Right Signs Indicate that the vehicles must keep to right side to avoid a divider
or an obstacle.
• Keep Left Signs Indicate that the vehicles must keep to left side to avoid a divider or
anobstacle.
One-Way Signs Marks a one-way street; arrow points in the direction that the traffic
flows
• . Two-way Sign A two-way street is a street that allows vehicles to travel in both
directions.
3. Prohibited/ Restriction Sign

• These sign indicates that the only direction(s) in which the motorist is obliged to
follow. Do Not Enter Sign Do not drive toward or past this sign because you will be
driving the wrong way into oncoming traffic.
4. Speed Limit Sign

• Tells you the maximum speed allowed by law on the highways or roadway that you
are driving on. Maximum Speed Restriction, End of Speed Restriction, Maximum
Speed.
5. Parking Signs
• State who is allowed to park in the area and when, and may specify where parking is
never permitted. These signs may specifically advise where:
 You are permitted or not permitted to park.
 You are not permitted to park except on certain days or holidays.
 You are not permitted to park between certain hours.
 You are only permitted for a certain duration.
 You are only permitted if you have impaired mobility and have a valid
Disabled Person (DP) Parking Placard or DP License Plates.
 You are only permitted to park if you are a USPS driver that is delivering
mail.
 You are only permitted to park if you are making a delivery.
6. Miscellaneous Signs
• No Blowing of Horn Blowing your horn should be done only for a reasonable traffic
warning, and reasonable means to warn other road to keep them from doing
something dangerous, not to reprimand them for doing a dangerous act.
• No Parking Sign A "No Parking" sign means you can't park, but you can drop off or
pick up passengers or goods without leaving your vehicle (i.e. you must be within
three meters of your vehicle).
• Importance of Obeying Traffic Laws. Traffic laws are designed to protect you and
other drivers on the road. Why is road safety education important? Children and
young people are at significant risk on our roads. Road safety education plays an
important role in shaping the attitudes and behaviors of children and young people
– ensuring they become responsible drivers, passengers, pedestrians and cyclists.
Road Markings Road markings are a traffic sign in the form and design of a marking on the
surface of the road. They have the same standing as upright signs. Road users must obey
these road markings. The diagrams below show the most common types of road marking
and what they mean. ROAD MARKINGS Single or double continuous white lines along the
center of the road WHAT THEY MEAN All traffic must keep to the left of the line (except in
an emergency or for access).
Longer white lines / warning lines along the center of the road
 These warning lines alert drivers to hazards such as restricted vision, approach to a
junction, approach to a roundabout, a hill, crests, bends and continuous white line
ahead.
Short broken white lines along the center of the road

 These divide two lanes of traffic travelling in opposite directions. You must not cross
them unless it is safe to do so.
A broken white line with a single white line along the center of the road
 The driver must obey the line that is nearest to them. In this picture, the driver in
the car must remain to the left of the continuous white line.
A single broken yellow line along the side of the road
 This road contains a hard shoulder, which is normally only for pedestrians and
cyclists. If a driver wants to allow a vehicle behind them to overtake, they may pull
in to the hard shoulder briefly as long as no pedestrians or cyclists are already using
it and no junctions or entrances are nearby.
Different rules exist for hard shoulders on motorways ROAD MARKINGS

o A broken white Yield line crossing the left-hand lane.
o A white triangular Yield symbol may also be provided with the Yield line.
o A continuous white Stop line crossing the left-hand lane. The word STOP may also
be provided with the Stop line.
o An advanced stop line for cyclists, which is in front of the stop line for other traffic
HOW TO PASS SAFELY ON A TWO LANE ROAD
PROCEDURE:
1. Checking your surroundings.

2. Look at traffic signals and lane markings to ensure passing is legal.
3. Evaluate the conditions. Look around you, and check to be sure that there are no
conditions that could prohibit you from making a safe pass. Be aware of upcoming or
curves, traffic stops sign or lights, and train tracks.
4. Check surrounding traffic. Look ahead to the other lane, and notice traffic following
behind you, and check for vehicles in front of the one you plan to pass.
5. Ensure you can pass without going over the speed limit
6. Have a backup plan
7. Moving Past a Vehicle Safely
8. Accelerate slowly.
9. Use your turn signal.
10. Smoothly pass over the dotted lane marker.
11. Quickly pass the vehicle.
12. Signal your re-entry to the appropriate lane.

SELF-CHECK 1.1-1
A. Enumerate the six types of traffic signs under Regulatory Sign

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
B. Enumerate the three example of traffic sign under Miscellaneous Sign.

1.
2.
3.
C. Enumerate the two types of signs under Priority Sign.

1.
2.
D. Enumerate the 12 steps on two lane road test.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
ANSWER KEY 1.1-1
A. Enumerate the six types of traffic signs under Regulatory Sign
ANSWER: Priority Sign, Direction Sign , Prohibited/Restriction Sign, Speed Sign, Parking
Sign, Miscellaneous Sign

B. Enumerate the three example of traffic sign under Miscellaneous Sign
ANSWER: No Blowing of Horn , No Parking Sign , Pedestrian Crossing Sign
C. Enumerate the two types of signs under Priority Sign.
ANSWER: Yield sign , Stop sign
D. Enumerate the 12 steps on two lane road test.
ANSWER: Checking Your Surroundings, Look at traffic signals and lane markings to
ensure passing is legal, Evaluate the conditions. , Check surrounding traffic. , Ensure
you can pass without going over the speed limit. , Have a backup plan. , Moving Past an
Accelerate slowly. , Vehicle Safely. , Use your turn signal. , Smoothly pass over the
dotted lane marker. , Quickly pass the vehicle. , Signal your re-entry to the appropriate
lane.
TASK SHEET 1.1-1
Title: Observe Traffic Signs and Road Markers Performance Objective/s: Given the light
vehicle car you should be able to observe and follow traffic signs and road markers in order
to pass the “Behind The Wheel Driving Test” safely on a two lane road for 2 hours in
accordance with concerned traffic authorities. Supplies/ Material/ Equipment: Light
Vehicle Car Steps/Procedures:
Performance Criteria Check List 1.1-1
CRITERIA
YES
NO
Traffic signs and road markers are identified and followed in accordance with concerned
traffic authorities. Road markers are identified and followed in accordance with concerned

LEARNING OUTCOME # 2 OBEY TRAFFIC RULES AND REGULATIONS
CONTENT:
 Driving outfit/attire
 Driving permit and other relevant documents
 Traffic violations and penalties
 Traffic rules and regulation
1. Traffic rules and regulations are identified and followed in accordance with
concerned traffic authorities.
2. License and registrations are maintained as prescribed by law.
3. Driver outfit/attire is worn as prescribed by law.
CONDITION:
 Traffic rules and regulations hand Book

 Prescribed outfit
 Driver’s license
 Certificate and official receipt of vehicle registration
 Learning module
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
 Interview (oral/questionnaire)
 Observation
 Demonstration of practical skills
 Written Exam

Learning Activities Special Instructions
Read Information Sheet 2.2-1
Obey Read and understand the information

Listen and watch the lecture demonstration
sheet and Check yourself by answering
on the actual procedures in obeying traffic
Traffic Rules and Regulations.
rules and regulations.
Self-Check.
You must answer all questions correctly
before proceeding to the next activity.
.Answer Self-Check 2.2-1
Check answers with Answer Key 2.2-1

Perform Task Sheet 2.2-1

Checklist 2.2-1 After performing the
activities

Information Sheet 2.2-1
Obey Traffic Rules and Regulations “Follow Traffic Rules and Reach Your Destination with
Enjoy.”

1. Identify traffic rules and regulations and;
2. Explain each meaning to follow traffic rules and regulations in according with concerned
Introduction:
In the previous you learned, traffic rules and regulations with accordance in concerned
traffic authorities. Traffic violations and penalties. Proper attire for all PUV (Public Utility
Vehicle). And Defensive driving techniques Traffic rules and regulations are rules designed
to expedite the flow of traffic and prevent collisions. Traffic laws are the laws which govern
traffic and regulate vehicles, while rules of the road are both the laws and the informal
rules that may have developed over time to facilitate the orderly and timely flow of traffic.
The Importance of Obeying Traffic Laws Traffic laws are designed to protect you and other
drivers on the road. If we do not follow them, we are not only putting ourselves at risk but
also innocent bystanders and drivers. By knowing the rules of the road, practicing good
driving skills and generally taking care as a road user, you help play a vital role in
preventing a crash. You will also be making road safety policies more effective. Many
factors play a role in road safety including following the speed limits that are posted and
making sure safety equipment is properly installed and used.
 Traffic Rules and Regulations include:
A. Road obstruction
B. Illegal terminal
C. Wearing of safety belts
D. Observing the Unified Vehicle Volume Reduction Scheme
E. Driving license/registration/franchise/Official receipt and certificate of
registration (ORCR)
F. No using of cell phone while driving
G. Avoiding driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol VIOLATION
A. Road Obstruction

It is an offence to obstruct the free passage of the highway. Street works,
roadworks, skips, scaffolds, hoardings, advertising boards and building
materials that block the pavement and road are all considered to be causing
an obstruction to pedestrians and motorists.
B. ILLEGAL TREMINAL
Illegal transport terminal, it's a hot spot for colorum vehicles.
C. Wearing a safety Belt

Includes Public Utility Vehicles failure to post (Both the Driver and appropriate
signage’s instructing front seat passenger Operator are liable to pay to wear
seat-belts when inside the vehicle. the fine for every violation) WEARING OF
SAFETY BELTS Reasons to Wear a Seat Belt As you know, driver safety is very
important. When you're behind the wheel, your actions will affect you, others in
the car, and anyone else who happens to be on the road near you. One way to
promote safety is to always wear your seat belt when the car is in motion. If you
don’t like wearing a seat belt or don’t find the task to be very important, our list
of reasons to wear a seat belt may just change your mind.
A Safety As mentioned, seat belts promote safety. More specifically, seat belts
can aid in the following:
• Preventing you from hitting the windshield
• Preventing you from being thrown from the vehicle
• Preventing you from banging around the vehicle and hitting the steering wheel,
door, etc.
• Women who are pregnant are more protected when they're wearing a seat belt
• It's the Law
• That's right, wearing a seat belt is the law. If you're caught not wearing one, you
could find yourself facing expensive fines and consequences.
D. The Unified Vehicular Volume Reduction Program (UVVRP)
commonly called number coding or color coding, is a road space rationing
program in the Philippines that aims to reduce traffic congestion, in
particular during peak.
OBSERVING THE UNIFIED VEHICLE VOLUME REDUCTION SCHEME hours,
by restricting the types of vehicles that can use major public roads based on
the final digit of the vehicle's license plate. “No Travel” Schedules for
Vehicles Drivers found violating the scheme face two According to the
Number Coding Scheme, a project consequences: initiated by the Metro
Manila Development Authority, the number endings and their corresponding
“no travel confiscation of driver’s days” are as follows: license or the issuance
of a traffic ticket that carries a P300.00 fine.
E. DRIVING LICENSE/REGISTRATION/FRANCHISE/OFFICIAL RECIEPT and
CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION (ORCR)

Valid vehicle's insurance certificate Violations in Connection with Licensing A
comprehensive list of all Violations, Fines and Penalties as mandated by Land
Transportation Office (LTO) and Department of Transportation and
Communications (DOTC) under Joint Administrative Order No. 2014-01 that took
effect last June 2014.
Vehicle registration certificate
Valid driving license
“to ensure that only registered motor vehicles are used or operated on any public
highway”. Do not Drive without these Documents
the LTO will apprehend and fine drivers using an unregistered vehicle, be it a two-,
three four-, or even six- or eight-wheeled vehicle.
No OR/CR, No Travel rule.
Please be guided accordingly. VIOLATION A. Driving without Driver’s License FINE
(IN PHILIPPINE PESO) / PENALTY ₱ 3,000 This includes driving with an expired,
revoked, suspended, inappropriate driver’s license restriction code, inappropriate
driver’s license classification, fake driver’s license, tourist driving a motor vehicle
with a valid foreign driver’s license beyond the 90-days.
All Other Violations of Traffic Rules and Regulations This includes the following traffic
violations:
1.Parking:
a.in an intersection
b.within 5 meters of the intersection
c.4 meters from the driveway entrance
d.within 4 meters from a fire hydrant
e.in front of a private driveway
f. on the roadway side of any unmoving or parked MV at the curb or edge of the
highway.
2.Disregarding Traffic Signs

3.Allowing passengers on top or cover of a motor vehicle except of a truck helper
4. Failure to provide canvas cover to cargoes or freight of trucks requiring the same
5. Permitting passenger to ride on running board, step board or mudguard or MV while
the same in motion.
6.Failure to dim headlights when approaching another motor vehicle
7.Driving in a place not intended for traffic or into place not allowed for parking
8. Hitching or permitting a person or a bicycle, motorcycle, tricycle or skate roller to
hitch to a motor vehicle
9. Driving against traffic (Counter flow) – Failure to pass to the right when meeting
persons or vehicles coming towards him.

10. Illegal turn – Failure to conduct the motor vehicle to the right of the intersection of
the highway when turning to the left in going from one highway to another.
11. Illegal overtaking – Failure to pass to the left when overtaking persons or vehicles
going to the same direction except when there are two or more lanes for the movement
of traffic in one direction.
12. Overtaking at unsafe distance – Failure to pass at a safe distance to the left of
another motor vehicle when overtaking that vehicle.
13. Cutting an overtaken vehicle – Driving to the right side of the highway after
overtaking before his motor vehicle is safely clear of such overtaken vehicle.
14. Failure to give way to an overtaking vehicle – Failure to give way to another vehicle
approaching from the rear that wishes to overtake his vehicle when the former has
given suitable and audible signal.
15. Increasing speed when being overtaken – Increasing the speed of the motor vehicle
before the overtaking vehicle has completely passed.
16. Overtaking when left side is not visible or clear of oncoming traffic – Driving to the
left side of the center line of a highway in overtaking or passing another vehicle
proceeding in the same direction where the left side is not clearly visible and is not free
of oncoming traffic for a sufficient distance to pass in safely.
17. Overtaking upon a crest of a grade – Overtaking or passing another vehicle
proceeding in the same direction when approaching the crest of a grade.
18. Overtaking upon a curve – Overtaking or passing another vehicle proceeding in the
same direction upon a curve in a highway where the driver’s view along the highway is
obstructed within a distance of 500 feet ahead.
19. Overtaking at any railway grade crossing – Overtaking or passing another vehicle
proceeding in the same direction at any railway grade crossing.
20. Overtaking at an intersection – Overtaking or passing another vehicle in the same
direction at any intersection of highways except on a highway having two or more lanes
for movement of traffic in one direction where the driver of a vehicle may overtake
another vehicle on the right.
21. Overtaking on “Men Working” or “Caution” signs – Overtaking or passing or
attempting to overtake or pass another vehicle proceeding in the same direction
between warning or caution signs indicating that men are working on a highway.
22. Overtaking at no overtaking zone – Overtaking or passing or attempting to overtake
or pass another vehicle proceeding in the same direction in any “No Passing or
Overtaking” zone.
23. Failure of the vehicle on the left to yield the right of way to the vehicle on the right
when these vehicles approach or enter an intersection at approximately the same time.
24. Failure of a vehicle approaching but not having entered intersection to yield the
right of way to a vehicle within such intersection or turning therein to the left across the
line of travel of the first mentioned vehicle when such vehicle has given a plainly visible
signal of intention to turn.

25. Failure of the driver of any vehicle upon a highway within a business or residential
district to yield the right of way to a pedestrian crossing such highway within a cross
walk except at intersection where the movement of traffic is regulated by a peace
officer or by traffic signal.
26. Failure to stop before traversing a “through highway” or railroad crossing. – Failure
of the driver of a vehicle upon a highway to bring to a full stop such vehicle before
traversing any “Through Highway” or rail-road crossing.
27. Failure of a vehicle entering a highway from a private road or driver upon a
highway to yield the right of way to all vehicles approaching on such highway. – Failure
of a vehicle entering a highway from a private road or driver upon a highway to yield
the right of way to all vehicles approaching on such highway.
28. Failure to yield right of way to ambulance, police or fire department vehicles. –
Failure of a driver upon a highway to yield the right of way to police or fire department
vehicles and ambulances when such vehicles are operated on official business and the
drivers thereof sound audible signal or their approach. 29. Failure to yield right of way
at a “through highway” or a “stop intersection”. – Failure of a vehicle entering a
“through highway” or a “stop intersection” to yield right of way to all vehicles
approaching in either direction on such “through highway”.
30. Failure to give proper signal. – Failure to give the appropriate signal before starting,
stopping or turning from a direct line.
31. Illegal turn. – Failure of the driver of a vehicle intending to turn to the left, to
approach such intersection in the lane for traffic to the right of and nearest to the center
line of the highway, and in, turning to pass to the left of the center of the intersection
except upon highway lane for traffic and upon one-way highway. 32. Failure to stop
motor and notch hand brake of motor vehicle when unattended. – Failure to turn off the
ignition switch and stop the motor and notch effectively the handbrake when parking a
motor vehicle unattended on any highway.
33. Unsafe Towing
34. Obstruction – Obstructing the free passage of other vehicles on the highway while
discharging or taking passengers or loading and unloading freight, or driving a motor
vehicle in such a manner as to obstruct or impede the passage of any vehicle.
35. Motorcycle carrying more passengers other than the back rider or cargo other than
the saddle bags and luggage carriers
36. Refusal to render service to the public or convey passenger to destination.
37. Overcharging / Undercharging of fare
38. No franchise / Certificate of Public Convenience or evidence of franchise presented
during apprehension or carried inside the motor vehicle.
39. Fake CPC, OR/CR, plates, stickers, and tags
40. Operating the unit with defective parts and accessories
41. Failure to provide fare discount to those entitled under existing laws and pertinent
Memorandum Circulars of the LTFRB.

42. Fast, tampered, defective taximeter or operating without or with an old seal
taximeter, broken, joined, reconnected, fake or altered sealing wire.
43. No sign board
44. Pick and drop Passenger outside the terminal
45. Carrying of illegal and/or prohibited cargoes
46. Failure to provide fire extinguisher and required “STOP and GO” signage for use of
each vehicle.
47. Trip cutting.
48. Failure to display fare matrix
49. Breach of franchise conditions under 2011 Revised Terms and Conditions of CPC.
B. LICENSE & PERMIT

Must be at least seventeen (17) years old. Must be physically and mentally fit to
operate a motor vehicle. Must be able to read and write in Filipino or English or the
applicable local dialect; and In addition, for foreigners, the applicant must be eighteen
(18) years old and must have been in the Philippines for at least one (1) year from date
of application.
REQUIREMENTS: 1. STUDENT PERMIT FOR FILIPINOS/FOREIGNERS
Duly accomplished Application form for Driver's License (ADL); Original and
photocopy of birth certificate duly authenticated by National Statistics Office (NSO); If
below eighteen (18) years of age, original copy of parental/guardian's consent with
original and photocopy of one (1) valid government issued Identification Card
containing the signature of the consenting parent/guardian; and Medical Certificate
issued by any licensed practicing physician stating that the applicant is physically and
mentally fit to operate a motor vehicle or otherwise stating his/her impairment. In
addition, for foreigners, original and photocopy of passport with entry date of at least
one (1) month and visa duration of at least one (1) year from date of application, or if
born in the Philippines, present original and photocopy of birth certificate duly
authenticated by the NSO.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1 The applicant shall submit all the documentary requirements to the receiving
personnel Receiving personnel shall check only the completeness of the documents
required and transmit the same to an evaluator. The Evaluator shall evaluate the
qualifications of the applicant and, if qualified, encode the application in the system. After
encoding, the application shall be approved by the Approving Officer.
Step 2 Upon approval, the applicant shall be called for photo and signature taking.
Step 3 The applicant shall be called to pay the required fees to the Cashier.
Step 4 The SP Card with the Official Receipt shall be released to the applicant, who shall be
required to write his/her name and affix his/her signature in the appropriate Release

Form. A reviewer containing all possible questions in the examinations for issuance of an
NPDL, PDL and Conductor's License shall be given to the applicant together with SP Card.
2. NON-PROFESIONAL DRIVER’S LICENSE

New Application / Conversion Renewal / Conversion / Revision of Records
Additional Restriction Codes Change Classification from Non-Professional Driver's License
to Professional Driver's License.
QUALIFICATIONS:
Must be at least eighteen (18) years old Must be physically and mentally fit to
operate a motor vehicle; Must be able to read and write Filipino, English or the applicable
local dialect; Must be a holder of a valid SP issued at least thirty (30) days prior to the
application; and In addition, for foreigners, the applicant must have been in the Philippines
for at least one (1) month with proof that he/she will stay in the country for at least one (1)
year from date of application.
REQUIREMENTS:
1. NEW APPLICATION/CONVERSION Duly Accomplished Application for Driver's License
(ADL); Valid SP issued at least thirty (30) days from date of application; Medical Certificate
mentally fit to operate a motor vehicle or otherwise stating his/her impairment; and In
addition, for foreigners, original and photocopy of passport with entry of at least one (1)
month and visa duration of at least one (1) year from date of application, or if born in the
Philippines, present original and photocopy of birth certificate duly authenticated by the
NSO. In the event that the applicant is a holder of a valid Foreign Driver's License, the
applicant may present the original and photocopy of Foreign Driver's License, if not in
English language, original and photocopy of official English translation from Embassy of the
issuing country instead of an SP.
2. RENEWAL Duly Accomplished Application for Driver's License (ADL); Medical Certificate
mentally fit to operate a motor vehicle or otherwise stating his/her impairment.
3. ADDITIONAL RESTRICTION CODES Duly Accomplished Application for Driver's License

(ADL); Valid Non-Professional Driver's License; Medical Certificate issued by any licensed
practicing physician stating that the applicant is physically and mentally fit to operate a
motor vehicle or otherwise stating his/her impairment.
4. REVISION OF RECORDS/ CHANGE CLASSIFICATION Duly Accomplished Application for

Driver's License (ADL); Valid NPDL/PDL; and Medical Certificate issued by any licensed

PROCEDURE:
1. NEW/ADDITIONAL RESTRICTION CODES
Step 1The applicant shall submit all the documentary requirements to the receiving
personnel Receiving personnel shall check only the completeness of the documents
required and transmit the same to the evaluator The evaluator shall evaluate the
qualifications of the applicant and, if qualified, encode the application in the system.
Step 2 The applicant shall be called for photo and signature taking.
Step 4 The applicant shall immediately proceed to undergo written examinations in the
form of the Basic Driving Theory Test for NPDL and will be immediately informed of the
results of the same.
Step 5 An applicant who passes the written examinations for NPDL shall be required to
immediately take the practical driving test for the RC/s applied for. After passing both
examinations, the application shall be approved by the Approving Officer. Applicants who
fail to pass the Basic Driving Theory Test and/or the Practical Driving Test shall not be
allowed to take the same test within a period of one (1) month from the date of the last
examination. If the Applicant fails to pass any of the written or practical examinations twice
within a period of one (1) year, he/she shall not be allowed to apply for the same within a
period of one (1) year from date of the last examination. If the applicant fails to pass any of
the written or practical examination thrice, he/she shall no longer be allowed to apply for
the same for a period of two (2) years from the time of latest failure. However, in case the
application is only for additional RC/s, he/she shall be allowed to renew his/her NPDL and,
for this purpose, such shall be annotated on the record of the applicant.
. 2.RENEWAL/CONVERSION/REVISION OF RECORDS
personnel. Receiving personnel shall retrieve the details of the license from the system and
show the same to the applicant, who shall be required to confirm the same for any
revision/s and be informed of the appropriate fees to be paid. If there are no revision/s to
be made, applicant shall be advised to proceed to the next step. If there are revision/s to be
made, the applicant shall be required to fill up an ADL for the desired revision/s attaching
therewith the appropriate documents required, if necessary, for re-submission. For this
purpose, ADL forms must be made readily available for applicant/s at the same receiving

window. In cases if revision/s of records only, the receiving personnel shall check only the
completeness of the re-submitted documents and transmit the same to an evaluator. The
evaluator shall evaluate the qualification of the applicant and, if qualified, encode the
application in the system. Upon encoding, the application shall be approved by the
approving Officer.
Step The applicant shall be called to pay the required fees to the Cashier.
Step 4 The NPDL card with the Official Receipt and the expired card shall be released to the
applicant, who shall be required to write his/her name and affix his/her signature in the
appropriate Released Form.
3.CHANGE CLASSIFICATION FROM NON-PROFESSIONAL DRIVER'S LICENSE TO

PROFESSIONAL DRIVER'S LICENSE
personnel.
Step 4 The applicant shall immediately proceed to undergo written examinations in the
form of the PDL Basic Driving Theory Test for the RC/s applied for or Conductor's License
examinations and will be immediately informed of the results of the same.
Step 5 Except for applications for Conductor's License, an applicant who passes the written
examinations shall be required to immediately take the practical driving test for the RC/s
applied for. After passing both examinations, the applications shall be approved by the
Approving Officer. Applicants who fail to pass the Conductor's License Examinations, Basic
Driving Theory Test and/or the Practical Driving Test shall not be allowed to take the same
test within a period of one (1) month from the date of the last examination. If the
applicants fail to pass any of the written or practical examinations twice within a period of
one (1) year, he/she shall not be allowed to apply for the same within a period of one (1)
year from the date of the last examination. If applicant fails to pass any of the written or
practical examinations thrice, he/she shall no longer be allowed to apply for the same for a
period of two (2) years from the time of the latest failure. However, in case the application
is only for additional RC/s, he/she shall be allowed to renew his/her PDL or Conductor's
License and, for this purpose, such shall be annotated on the record of the applicant.

Step 6 Upon approval, the PDL or Conductor's License card with the Official Receipt shall
be released to the applicant, who shall be required to write his/her name and affix his/her
signature in the appropriate Release Form.
4.PROFESSIONAL DRIVER’S LICENSE New Professional Driver's License / Change

Classification from Non-Professional to Professional Driver's License Conductor's License
Renewal of Professional Driver's License / Conductor's License Additional Restriction
Codes Revision of Records.
REQUIREMENTS:
1. NEW PROFESSIONAL DRIVER'S LICENSE OR CONDUCTOR'S LICENSE/ CHANGE
CLASSIFIFCATION FROM NPDL TO Duly accomplished Application for Driver's License
(ADL); For RC 1,2,4 and 6 - Must be a holder of a valid SP issued at least six (6) months
prior to the application. For RC 3,5,7 and 8 - Must be a holder of a valid NPDL issued at
least one (1) year prior to the application or PDL holder with RC 1,2,4 and 6 for a period of
at least six (6) months prior to the application. Medical Certificate issued by any licensed
motor vehicle (or work, in the case of applications for Conductor's License); Clearance that
the applicant has not been convicted of any offense involving moral turpitude or reckless
imprudence resulting from reckless driving from all the following: • National Bureau of
Investigation (NBI); and • Philippine national Police (PNP) • In addition, for foreigners,
original and photocopy of passport with entry of at least one (1) year from date of
application, or if born in the Philippines, present original and photocopy of birth certificate
duly authenticated by the NSO.
2. RENEWAL Duly Accomplished Application for Driver's License (ADL); Professional

Driver's License not expired for more than ten (10) years; Medical Certificate issued by any
licensed practicing physician stating that the applicant is physically and mentally fit to
operate a motor vehicle or otherwise stating his/her impairment.
3. ADDITIONAL RESTRICTION CODES Duly Accomplished Application for Driver's License

(ADL); Valid Professional Driver's License (PDL); Medical Certificate issued by any licensed
4. REVISION OF Duly Accomplished Application for Driver's License (ADL); Valid

Professional Driver's License (PDL); In case of change/s in name, date of birth and/or civil
status,original and photocopy of birth certificate or marriage contract, as the case may be,
duly authenticated by the NSO.
Proper attire or outfit prescribed by law include but not limited to:

A.Blue polo for PUJ drivers
B.White polo for taxicab drivers
C.SHOES LONG PANTS
D.SAFE DRIVING OR DEFENSIVE DRIVING To drive without having a preventable accident

is the simplest way to describe defensive driving. A preventable accident is an accident in
which the driver could have prevented to get involved with. He failed to do anything to
prevent the accident or lack of alertness could be the cause of poor judgement. In
determining whether an accident is preventable, analyze carefully the causes, conditions
and actions which cause accident. To drive without having a preventable accident is the
main objective of defensive driving.
The formulated safety or defensive driving code are:

1. Safety driving or defensive driving requires the knowledge and observance of all traffic
rules and regulations applicable to the place or country in which the vehicle is being
operated.
2. Safety driving or defensive driving requires the knowledge to sudden change of driving
hazards or changing conditions in the mechanical functioning of the vehicle, road surface,
lightning and weather.
3. Safety driving or defensive driving requires the use of the right-way and give courtesy to
others whenever necessary to prevent accident.
4. Safety driving or defensive driving requires the alertness for driving errors of other
drivers and the ability to decide, adjust in driving so that this error of others will not be the
cause of the accident.
5. Safety driving or defensive driving requires a great confidence in one’s attitude that a
driver can drive without even having a preventable accident.
COMMON ERRORS IN DRIVING Travelling from one place to another without committing
any error and getting involved in an accident mean “perfect driving”. To achieve a good
record in efficient driving, here are some tips to avoid errors.
1. Traffic Violations Any traffic violation you committed, whether serious or not, do not try
to fix the traffic enforcer because this will make you immune to any traffic violations you
committed. One of the main cause of accident is disregarding traffic signs. Any traffic sign
installed to a particular place should be followed to avoid untoward incidents. To be able to
become a professional and responsible driver, you should know and learn to obey all traffic
signs. Always try to learn all the existing and new signs, rules, and regulations, especially
those signs installed on delicate areas.
2. Misuse of Vehicle Misuse of vehicle shorter its life. Some accidents are cause by misuse
of mechanical components. Checking of oil and tire pressure must be done before using the

vehicle. Improper idling, wrong gear and other misuse of the vehicle can cause mechanical
trouble which lessen the life of your vehicle
. 3. Trip schedule Plan your schedule carefully. Do not try to increase your speed for any
schedule delay, go on as it was planned. Maintain or adjust your driving to all conditions,
the kind of road, weather and traffic situation. To Avoid such delay, always start as early as
possible.
4. Courtesy to others When driving on the street, be sure to be courteous to others. It all
depends on your driving attitude if you will have friends or enemies. If driving is your
profession, you bad attitudes will create a bad image not only yourself but also to the
company where you work with. Proper practice courtesy on the road makes you a perfect
and good driver.
SELF-CHECK LIST 2.2-1
A. Give at least 10 examples of obstructions to both pedestrians and motorists.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
B. Give at least five reasons why seat belts promote safety.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C. Enumerate the four common errors in driving.

1.
2.
3.
4.
ANSWER KEY 2.2-1

A. Give at least 10 examples of obstructions to both pedestrians and motorists.
1. a skip or scaffolding is obstructing the pavement
2. no barriers around street works/roadworks and building work is affecting pedestrian
safety
3. building materials are blocking the pavement
4. an advertising board is blocking the pavement
5. banners or bunting is causing an obstruction
6. temporary works including traffic lights
7. overhanging tree branches, hedges
8. mud/debris on the road
9. mixing concrete/mortar on the highway
10. unauthorized vendors/traders
B. Give at least five reasons why seat belts promote safety.
1. Preventing you from hitting the windshield

2. Preventing you from being thrown from the vehicle
3. Preventing you from banging around the vehicle and hitting the steering wheel, door, etc.
4. Women who are pregnant are more protected when they're wearing a seat belt
5. It's the Law
C. Enumerate the four common errors in driving.

1. Traffic Violations
2. Misuse of Vehicle
3. Trip Schedule
4. Courtesy to others
TASK SHEET 2.2-1 Title: Obey traffic rules and regulations
Performance Objective/s:
Given the light vehicle car you should be able to observe and follow traffic rules and
regulations markers for 2 hours in accordance with concerned traffic authorities. Supplies/
Materials/ Equipment: Light Vehicle Car
Steps/Procedures:
1. Check the documents that you should kept in your car. Such as Your driver’s license.
Whether you're on the road or not, your driver's license is an essential form of ID Your
vehicle registration. You receive this document when you register your vehicle with your
local motor vehicle agency. Proof of insurance
2. Make yourself ready. Wear Proper Attire and getting ready.

3. Make the proper adjustments. Before you start driving, it's important to adjust your
mirrors and seat so that you are ready for the road. Doing this before you drive instead of
while you're driving will ensure that you're being safe and focused.
4. Make sure you and your car are ready to go. Before you put your hands on the wheel, it's
important that your body and car are ready to venture out onto the roads. Here's what you
should do: Fasten your seatbelt. Depending on where you live, there is most likely a law
that requires you wear a seatbelt.
5. Minimize distractions.
6. Start your car. Release your hand brake. Put your foot on the brake. ut your key in the
ignition and turn it. You should hear it turning on.
7. Place your hand into gear
8.Take your foot off the brake and feel the car move.
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECK LIST 2.2-1
CRITERIA
YES
NO
Traffic rules and regulations are followed in accordance with concerned traffic authorities.
License and registrations are maintained as prescribed by law. Driver outfit/attire is worn
as prescribed by law.

LEARNING OUTCOMES SUMMARY
LEARNING OUTCOME #3 PRACTICE COURTESY
CONTENT:
Positive work values

Driver's Code of ethics
Defensive driving techniques
Managing conflict Interpersonal skill
1. Positive work values are demonstrated as per code of ethics of drivers

2. Complaints are responded and handled with respect based on driver's code of
ethics
3. Reminders are conveyed to passengers politely.
CONDITION: The students/ trainees must be provided with the following:
 LTO Hand Book Learning Module
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Written test
 Demonstration with Oral Questioning
 Interview/ Oral Questioning

LEARNING EXPERIENCE
Read Information Sheet 3.3-1
Listen and watch the lecturedemonstration

procedure on how to manage conflict with
others.
Answer Self-Check 3.3-1
Check answers with Answer Key 3.3-1
Obey Read and understand the information

Perform Task Sheet 3.3-1 How to act or sheet and Check yourself by answering
manage minor conflict in terms of car Traffic Rules and Regulations. the Self-Check.
accident. You must answer all questions correctly
before proceeding to the next activity

activities of LO3, you may proceed to LO4.

Information Sheet 3.3-1 Practice Courtesy “Courtesy Counts. Let’s Drive the message
home.” Considerate. Foresight. Patience. Respect. Space
1. Identify various qualifications and attitudes of a driver, road courtesy, driver’s code of
ethics and;
2. Explain each meaning to perform driving of light vehicle in accordance with industry.
Introduction:
Driving etiquette relates to the general courtesy rules which communities expect the
operators of vehicles to follow while driving. Good driving etiquette typically involves
being courteous and staying alert which varies by vehicle, situation, and location (etiquette
for driving an F1 car involves different rules than etiquette for driving an RV). Failure to
adhere to this behavior can lead to increased risk of road collisions, trauma and road rage.
Driving etiquette can extend beyond in-vehicle actions. "When a courteous driver scrapes
the fender or inflicts minor damage to a parked car without its owner present, he leaves a
note giving his name, his telephone number, and the name of the insurance company. If the
owner is present, the courteous driver exchanges insurance information politely and
contacts the proper authorities right away without incident". Breaches in driving etiquette
can often be addressed amiably with a simple and immediate expression of apology. The
general guiding principle behind driver etiquette is "one good turn deserves another". It is
considered vital that everyone adheres to good driving etiquette. Speeding and aggressive
driving, both examples of poor driving etiquette, have been cited as negative factors related
to rural highways. Drivers need education about driving etiquette to prevent them getting
into accidents.
A. DIVING ATTITUDES Improving and maintaining good behaviors and attitudes to driving
are key components to enhancing the safety of our roads. As we become more and more
aware of our own driving behaviors, we can work on improving our attitudes, which, in
turn, will instill positive change in all the drivers in our driving community.
What are some good behavior traits/attitudes to adopt when driving?

Respect for other drivers – don’t tail gate other cars, allow cars to merge in front of you and
allow for people to make mistakes Awareness – use your mirrors and always be aware of
where cars are in relation to your vehicle and scan the road ahead for possible hazards
Share the road with other drivers Never take driving for granted – road conditions change
from moment to moment, so even if you drive down a street every day, always be alert for
new hazards Adopt the attitude, “I can make a difference to road safety by being a
responsible driver” Drive to conditions, not the posted speed limits
C. ROAD COURTESY 101 1. To Other Motorists: • Give proper signals to other

motorists. It is very vital to signal your intention of stopping, passing, turning, left or
right, or slowing down to warn other drivers. • When parking, wait for vacant
spaces and give consideration to those who came first. Park orderly to give enough
space to those incoming vehicles who would also be parking. • Extend assistance to
other drivers who happens to have vehicle trouble along the road. • Give way to
vehicles who would like to overtake your path, although you know that you have the
right-of-way. • Give proper courtesy to motorcyclists, bicyclists and other road
users. • Check your distance with other vehicles. Avoid tail-gating. 2. To Passengers:
• Driver’s should always be courteous and considerate to their passengers. • Be
careful while driving. Follow strictly traffic signs and signals to avoid delay once
apprehended. • Do not slam your brakes or press your pedals too hard. Your
passenger might not be able to hold on and may bump around inside the vehicle. •
Be sure your passengers have stepped-out of your vehicle safely before starting to
move. • To taxi drivers, be honest to your passengers. Do not drive with tampered
meters and always give them their exact change. • Do not smoke while driving. • To
public utility or for hire drivers, avoid cutting trips. The Role of Passengers:
Passengers should never do anything to interfere with the driver and as much as
possible do not distract him while he is driving. In looking for a street name or
address, the passenger must assist the driver and do the searching.
B. DEFENSIVE DRIVING TIPS Defensive driving is often defined as preventing crashes
before they occur… It is the demonstration of an attitude, awareness and driving
skills such asStaying alert and keeping your eyes moving so that you can keep track
of what is happening at all times. Looking for trouble spots developing around you.
Having a plan of action if the other driver does the wrong thing. Knowing that the
law requires drivers to protect each other from their own mistakes.
A Defensive Driver Must Be able to keep a safe driving record. Have a positive

attitude on road safety. Be physically and mentally fit to drive. Have received proper
training before driving
FACTORS THAT AFFECT DRIVING:
1. Attitude A defensive driver must develop and demonstrate an attitude that road
users. Recognizes that other road users will make mistakes. Knows no journey is so
urgent that a safe speed can be maintained. Driving is a skill which requires the
application of good techniques. Believes that safe driving requires an alert mind at all
times.
2. Behavior An ideal defensive driver: Always wear a seat-belt. Keeps within the
advisory speed limit. Constantly scans the road for potential hazard. Signals his
intentions at all times. Shows courtesy at all times.The factors affecting the behavior of
the driver are the following alcohol, drugs, and fatigue.
Right Mental Attitude A defensive driver always maintains a safe caution of distance in
front and behind his vehicles by:
1. Observing the four-second rule.
2. Adopting a positive and skilled mental approachSearch – The road seen ahead,
around and rear of the vehicles. Identify – The potential and immediate hazard on the
road. Predict – The actions of other road users. Decide – What to do to avoid an unsafe
situation.
D. KEYS TO EFFECTIVE DEFENSIVE DRIVING
1. Concentration • Standard of vision, hearing and health all have a bearing on the
amount of concentration. • The driver must adjust the speed of his vehicle on the
degree of concentration he is able to apply.
2. Driving Plans and Decisions • Driving plans should be made on the correct
assessment of the changing scene both ahead or to the rear of the vehicle. • Driving
plans should enable the driver to make decisions in a methodical manner. • Plans and
decisions are combination of what can be seen, what cannot be seen circumstances
which are expected to rise, allowances for the mistakes of other road users.

3. View from the Vehicle • The driver must aim to have the best possible view of the
area around the vehicle. • Windows and windshield must be clean.
E. CODE OF ETHICS FOR DRIVER
CHECK VEHICLE REGULARLY. MAINTAIN FIT FOR USE. KEEP YOUSELF IN GOOD
HEALTH PHYSICALLY AND MENTALLY. SHOW CARE, COURTESYFOR OTHER ROAD
USERS. WHILE DRIVING USE SEAT BELTS BE ALERT ABOUT THE ERRORS OF OTHER
DRIVERS. NEVER MIX DRINKING AND DRIVING. START EARLY, DRIVE SLOWLY, REACH
SAFELY. DO NOT OVER SPEED OR OVER LOAD YOUR VEHICLE. GIVE SIGNAL BEFORE
TURNING, BRAKING & STOPPI NG. SLOW DOWN WHILE NEARISNG TURNINGS,
JUNCTIONS AND CROSS ROADS. DO NOT PARK VEHICLE IN PROHIBITED AND NO
PARKING AREAS DO NOT OVER TAKE DANGEROUSLY. AT NIGHT DIP YOUR LIGHTS TO
ON COMING, FRINTT GOING VEHICLE. DO NOT HORN UNNECESSARILY. NEVER HORN
IN SILENT ZONES. KEEP SAFE FOLLOWING DISTANCE. ‘MORE SPEED MORE GAP’. IN
ROUND ABOUTS GIVE WAY FOR VEHICLES IN YOUR RIGHT. RESPECT SIGNALS. NEVER
JUMP TRAFFIC SIGNALS. ALWAYS KEEP THE REQUIRED DOCUMENTS WITH YOU. GIVE
WAY TO AMBULANCE, FIRE ENGINES & VIP CARRIAGES. DURING ACCIDENT DO NOT
RUN AWAY, INFORM POLICE KEEP YOURSELF CALM HAPPY WHILE DRIVING
Philippines Drivers Hand Book Roundabouts.
1. When approaching a roundabout aim in whichever direction you want to go and

pray. It is essential you jam your bumper into any tiny gap and add as much
additional confusion to the situation as possible while continually beeping the horn.
If God wants you to survive you will make it out the other side.
Overtaking 2.Firstly, ignore any oncoming traffic as it is your right to drive on the
wrong side of the road once you have flashed your lights (if they work). Next swerve
out quickly to ensure you surprise anyone arrogant enough to be trying to overtake you
at the time. If this method fails due to too much oncoming traffic simply revert to
overtaking on curb side.
Responsibility. 3. In these examples under normal conditions the blue car would most
likely be responsible for the collision but there are special circumstances, if the person
driving the green car happens to be a foreigner then unquestionably the responsibility
relies entirely on the green car. If questioned as to how this could be possible simply
reply "If you were not in my country I would not have crashed into you."

Jeepney Pickups. 5. Jeepneys are required to stop for excessive amounts of time and
right across intersections to pick up customers as to not only block following traffic but
also any vehicles coming from side streets. This is to maximize potential customers; it is
also important to remain ignorant to any sense of urgency from the people already
onboard. This will also give everyone the opportunity to marvel at your vehicles
decorations.
Foreign Relations. 6. If you are in car B. and a foreigner is driving car A. this is the
perfect opportunity to make some cash. Once car A. enters the intersection drive into it
ensuring moderate damage to both vehicles. Once the driving exits his vehicle begin
yelling about how badly damaged it is and quote him a repair price many times what is
required. For the most profit aim for the expensive vehicles to maximize the potential
quote.
Road Crossings. 7. In this situation the driver of the blue car should slow but not stop to
ensure the pedestrian has an extra incentive to move quickly and as for the driver of the
green car he should accelerate to get past the pedestrian and not get stuck in the same
situation the blue car is in.
First Come First Served. 8. Giving way is a sign of weakness so at every possible chance
ensure you make it through the intersection with aggressive driving. Additionally, this
will ensure you get to where you are going allowing for more time to be spent doing
absolutely nothing.
Parking. 9. When parking we encourage creative thinking, treat it like a puzzle. Try to
insert as many vehicles in an area as possible and if necessary mount the curb or park
in an intersection.
Parking. 10. These lines were the only way we could convince foreigners it was safe to
cross the road but feel free to park over them and ignore them completely when
driving.
Driving Test. 11. In the Philippines we have discovered a way to streamline the process
of getting a full license and everyone seems happy with the results. Really we can't see
any down side to the new process.
Signs. 12. Originally these read "Local's parking only" and "No foreigner parking" but
these were decided to be controversial and were replaced with the same effect.

Stop. 13. More of a recommendation than a rule.
Give Way. 14. Feel free to completely ignore this sign it is simply to confuse stupid
foreigners.
Speed Hump. 15. Originally used to warn of approaching speed bumps but it was
decided to discontinue its use after discovering the sheer volume required.
Lost. 16. If you see this sign on the side of the road you have clearly taken a wrong turn.
Heavy vehicles Crossing. 17. Warning this area has frequent carabao traffic both
crossing the road and as a mode of transportation. Be prepared to spend a great deal of
time blocked by one while you pointlessly honk your horn.
Rest Area. 18. Keep your eyes out for this sign; they are a great location for family
holidays and get-togethers. They are also good for new bamboo housing areas as CR’s
and furniture are already supplied.
Road Work. 19. Road works ahead so begin slowing down now. As you get closer slow
to an absolute crawl so you can get a better view of all the workers doing nothing. If the
work is particularly interesting feel free to stop in the middle of the road and exit your
vehicle for an optimal view.
Additional Driving Requirements
Cell Phones. 20. All drivers must be well trained in the art of texting on mobile phones
while driving.
Seat Belts. 21 Seat belts should never be worn and if possible even removed.
Drink Driving. 22. Studies have found drunk drivers get to their location quicker. We
recommend a bottle of red horse before driving to assist with traffic flow.
Over Loading. 23. To help keep traffic to a minimum we recommend putting as many
people into one vehicle as possible. Roofs and bumpers are also another good location
for stacking passengers.

owing. 24. When towing another vehicle use an old piece of rope that is guaranteed to
break and never add a ‘vehicle in tow’ sign so as to give your fellow motorist a pleasant
surprise when overtaking.
Speeding. 25. Speed limits are determined by your paint job and muffler. The fancier
your paint work and louder your exhaust the faster you can go. Disclaimer All preceding
rules are pure speculation as no LTO officer could be found that had learned to drive or
would agree to follow any set down rules.
E. Managing difficult passengers Drivers may encounter difficult or aggressive

passengers during the course of their duties. These passengers have the potential to
distract and distress the driver. This page provides guidance for bus operators about
how to manage the risks posed by disruptive passengers. The driver's main priority and
safety duty to the passengers is to concentrate on driving safely. If a passenger's
conduct distracts the driver it may be unsafe to continue the journey. Passengers may
exhibit behaviors including: Being disruptive and non-cooperative Verbal threats,
intimidation or harassment Physical assault and spitting Throwing objects and
projectiles Damaging property on the bus Intoxication - drinking, smoking or drug use
Bullying and violence.
F. Drivers Attitude Behavior If the driver remains calm and respectful toward the
difficult passenger it may de-escalate the situation and reduce the risk of physical and
verbal assaults.
G. 4 interpersonal skills all vehicle drivers should develop:
1. Self-awareness Self-awareness is an essential soft skill that acts as a foundation to

emotional intelligence. If drivers are self-aware, they know their strengths,
opportunities for growth, triggers, values, drivers, and everything in between. This
knowledge enables people to utilize assets to their advantage, exert caution at the times
when they may be triggered, and develop in the areas that they need it most. Self-
awareness is best developed through self-reflection and feedback.
2. Empathy While understanding one’s self is a critical interpersonal skill, an equally

important one is empathy – the ability to understand others’ feelings. Having empathy
helps drivers build better relationships and address the needs of those around them,
because they are attuned to what’s important to them. Empathy also enables people to
better recognize the impact they are having on others. Armed with the ability to gauge

how they are coming across, drivers can adjust their approach accordingly, and ensure
they are communicating with impact.
3. Managing emotions Life can be stressful. On the work front, ambitious goals,
disagreements with colleagues, and large workloads can create pressure. On the home
front, stresses from relationship challenges, financial strains, and work-life balance
issues can often trickle over into the workplace. The best drivers are those who have
learned how to manage these stresses and any negative emotional displays that may
come as a result of them. While self-awareness enables them to recognize when they
are irritable, anxious, or feeling threatened, for example, their ability to regulate these
emotions helps them to maintain their composure, and prevent any behaviors they
might later regret.
4. Listening skills Drivers, who despite these challenges, exhibit strong listening skills
have a number of advantages. They can be more efficient, because they are better able
to absorb and utilize the information to which they are exposed. They can develop
greater empathy, because by being receptive to what others are saying, they are better
able to understand what’s important to them. They build stronger relationships,
because others respond positively when they feel they are being heard.
SELF-CHECK 3.3-1
A. Enumerate the five good behavior traits/attitudes that is needed to adopt when
driving.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.
B. Enumerate the three types of pedestrian.
1.
2.
3.
C. Enumerate the two factors that affects driving.
1.
2.
D. Enumerate the seven keys to effective defensive driving.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
E. Give at least five factors to be considered under the code of ethics for drivers.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

ANSWER KEY 3.3-1
A. Enumerate the five good behavior traits/attitudes that is needed to adopt when
driving.
1. Respect for other drivers
2. Awareness Share the road with other drivers
3. Never take driving for granted
4. Adopt the attitude
5. Drive to conditions, not the posted speed limits
B. Enumerate the three types of pedestrian.
1. Children
2. Older People
3. Handicapped People
C. Enumerate the two factors that affects driving.
1. Attitude
2. Behavior
D. Enumerate the seven keys to effective defensive driving.
1. GIVE SIGNAL BEFORE TURNING, BRAKING & STOPPI NG.
2. SLOW DOWN WHILE NEARISNG TURNINGS, JUNCTIONS AND CROSS ROADS.
3. DO NOT PARK VEHICLE IN PROHIBITED AND NO PARKING AREAS
4. DO NOT OVER TAKE DANGEROUSLY.
5. AT NIGHT DIP YOUR LIGHTS TO ON COMING, FRINTT GOING VEHICLE.
6. DO NOT HORN UNNECESSARILY.
7.


LEARNING OUTCOME #4 RESPECT TRAFFIC ENFORCER AND OTHER

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT UNIT
CONTENT:
 Traffic Violations and Penalties
 Traffic Enforcer Job and Responsibilities
1. Traffic authority instructions are compiled as prescribed by law.
2. Traffic violation tickets/receipts issued by Traffic enforcers are accepted and
appropriate action is taken.
CONDITION:
 The students/ trainees must be provided with the following:
Ample space for driving and maneuvering the vehicle, persons to act as driver and
traffic enforcer
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
Written test
 Demonstration with Oral Questioning
 Interview/ Oral Questioning

1. Read Information Sheet 4.4-1
Listen and watch the lecture-demonstration

on the actual procedures on how to
communicate to traffic enforcer with Read and understand the information sheet
respect. and Check yourself by answering the Self
Check. You must answer all questions
Answer Self-Check 4.2-1 4. Check answers correctly before proceeding to the next
with Answer Key 4.4-1 activity.
Perform Task Sheet 4.4-1 How to

communicate to traffic enforcer with
respect.

activities of LO4, you may proceed to next
competency
Information Sheet 4.4-1 RESPECT TRAFFIC ENFORCER AND OTHER TRAFFIC
MANAGEMENT UNIT “Respect for ourselves guides our moral, respect for others
guides our manners.”
1. Identify traffic violations in connections of licensing and;
2. Practice knowledge and skills on how to respect traffic enforcers.
Introduction: In this previous lesson, you learned different job responsibilities of a traffic
enforcers and how to practice knowledge and skills on how to respect traffic enforcers by
giving a situation in terms of violation in connection to license. A traffic enforcer is
someone who enforcers traffic rules and safety standards. At times they may also be called
highway patrol officer. They detailed within neighborhoods or local police station or any
nearby posts. These days, there are even imaginative and creative traffic enforcers who do
different gimmicks to catch the attention of the people on the road and make them follow
rules and traffic regulations cheerfully as with the dancing traffic police. It may also be a
way to ease the stress and tension while on the road especially during traffic and rush
hours. Respect Treating people in a positive manner that acknowledges them for who they
are and/or what they are doing. Being treated or treating an individual in a dignified
manner. Respect is earned and is never just given. BUT, you must give respect to receive
respect. Meaning when you interact with an individual you treat them with dignity and in a
respectful manner as this shows your character as a person. And the respect will be
reciprocated. You must always behave in a respectful manner as this reflects on you, your
character, integrity and values of who you are as a person. No one owes you respect until
you have earned it, so there is no such thing as I will give it after they give it to me first.
That attitude is a disrespectful action to anyone you interact with as it insinuates that you
do not trust them to act accordingly, and implies that they "owe" you respect before you
will give it. That will cause people to LOSE respect for you or never gain it in the first place.
When you first meet someone, everyone is given the benefit of the doubt that they are a
respectable individual. Questioning their integrity(respect) before you have even met them

and "expecting" respect to be given without giving it yourself is insulting and
condescending to that person and is judging them in a negative light when you know
absolutely nothing about them. Thus, To get respect, you must give it. So respectful
behavior should just be part of how you act as a person 100% of the time. Everyone
deserves a basic amount of respect as an individual until proven otherwise. So respect
authority and the rule of law. Give respect and pay courtesy to our traffic enforcers because
“they are just doing their jobs.”
A.Traffic Enforcer Job Responsibilities
Make sure that traffic rules and regulations are followed by all drivers, passengers and
pedestrians Help pedestrians, especially the aged and children to cross the street (at times)
Help people who might have lost their way Observe and advice traffic violators Catch traffic
violators and issue appropriate tickets or penalties Respond and attend to traffic
emergencies promptly Call other departments if cases and situations come to worse Report
to superiors as required Educate people on traffic safety and health Keep a record of all
traffic violations, traffic incidents and other traffic related situations Maintain an
approachable personality so people in need would not hesitate to ask for help or would not
be intimidated and shy off Circulate hand-outs or public information flyers if the station has
some new things or information for all the people out in the streets .
B. Violations in Connection with Licensing A comprehensive list of all Violations, Fines

and Penalties as mandated by Land Transportation Office (LTO) and Department of
Transportation and Communications (DOTC) under Joint Administrative Order No. 2014-
01 that took effect last June 2014. Please be guided accordingly. VIOLATION.
C. Commission of a Crime in the Course of Apprehension Upon Conviction by a

Regular Court of Competent Jurisdiction
The motor vehicle driven by the violator shall likewise be impounded until ordered to be
released by a regular court of competent jurisdiction after payment of appropriate fines
and penalties. ₱ 10,000 In addition, the driver’s license shall be confiscated, and revoked
upon conviction for the crime. The driver shall be disqualified from being granted driver’s
license for a period of 5 years counted from the date of payment of appropriate fines and
penalties. The motor vehicle driven by the violator shall likewise be impounded until
ordered to be released by a regular court of competent jurisdiction after payment of
appropriate fines and penalties.

D. Failure to Wear the Standard Protective Motorcycle Helmet or Failure to Require the
Back Rider to Wear the Standard Protective Motorcycle Helmet Wearing a helmet with a
fake Philippine standard (PS) or Import Commodity Clearance (IIC) sticker shall be
tantamount to riding a moving motorcycle without wearing a helmet. E. Reckless Driving /
Driving Above the Speed Limit No person shall operate a motor vehicle on any highway
recklessly or without reasonable caution considering the width, traffic, grades, crossing,
curvatures, visibility and other conditions of the highway and the conditions of the
atmosphere and weather, or so to endanger the property of the safety or rights of any
person or so as to cause excessive or unreasonable damage to the highway.
E. Submission of Fake Documents in Relation to the Application for a Driver’s License

(New/Renewal).
F. Failure to Carry Driver’s License, Certificate of Registration or Official Receipt While

Driving a Motor Vehicle.
HOW TO AVOID TRAFFIC TICKET?
Tens of millions of traffic tickets are issued each year, raking in big revenue for state and
local coffers. For the motorist, even one speeding ticket can raise your insurance premiums
for several years, and multiple violations can push your rates through the roof. Fortunately,
many tickets can be avoided with by following a few simple guidelines.
1. Drive Safely
2. Obey the rules of the road.

• Don’t break traffic laws, and you won’t get ticketed. Ignorance is no excuse. Traffic laws
also vary from state to state and even from town to town, so do some research if you’re
driving away from home.
3. Practice defensive driving.

• Aggressive or erratic driving can irritate other drivers and put both of you in danger.
Even if you’re not breaking any laws, weaving in and out of lanes and stopping or
accelerating quickly can bring you unwanted attention from police. Consider taking a
defensive driving course.
4..Wear your seat belt.

• It's the law pretty much everywhere, and an iron-clad excuse for a sharp-eyed officer to
pull you over.
When catching cops and in getting Pulled Over:
1. Be polite and know the protocol.

• If you do get pulled over, you may still be able to get away with a warning if you’re
courteous.
• When the officer comes to your window, greet him or her with respectful words, such as
"Good evening, officer.”
• Don’t start arguments or act irritated or belligerent, and don’t make dumb excuses.
• Be nice and you may get some pity. If you’ve already broken a traffic law, you can’t make
things any better by being a jerk.
• Make the police officer feel safe if you get pulled over. Police officers have a dangerous
job, and they know that any routine traffic stop can turn lifethreatening. If you can put an
officer at ease, it makes his or her job a little less stressful and he or she may thank you for
it by letting you off with a warning.
• Pull over when you see the police officer signal for you to pull over. Look for a safe area
where the officer can stand beside your car and not risk his own life with passing traffic.
• Pull into a parking lot if you can; but always signal to the officer to show that you aren't
avoiding him. This can be accomplished by flipping on your right blinker. If you must pull
over to the side of the road, the right shoulder is almost always safer for both you and the
officer.
• Park your vehicle so that you cannot drive forward. For example, pull right up to a wall.
Then the officer can park right behind you without worrying that you will try to drive away
and escape.
• Turn off your car, and possibly remove the keys from the ignition.
• If it is nighttime, turn on as many interior lights as possible.
• Remain in the car. Do not move to leave the car at any time during the stop unless you
are asked to do so.
2. Avoid admissions of guilt (or don't). • When the officer asks you if you know why you
were pulled over, never admit to anything if you intend to later fight the ticket. If you do
get a ticket, your admission can be used against you in court. • If you think you might get
away with a warning, you can try being completely honest. The officer may appreciate your
honesty and be more likely to let you off with a warning. It’s a tough choice to make, but do
your best to analyze the situation and the officer’s demeanor, and hopefully you’ll make the
right decision.
3. Contest a ticket. • If you can’t avoid a ticket, consider fighting it through the legal
system. Sometimes, just showing up indicates you are more responsible than other
motorists. Dress well, and be prepared to argue your side of the case without emotion and
with as much supporting material as you can provide. Depending on the judge and the

jurisdiction, the judge may give you some leniency. 4. Don't think that the cop will be
unlikely to appear in court if you challenge your ticket. • Many jurisdictions pay overtime
or more for time spent in court. In some circumstances since the officer is being paid
overtime for being in court, he or she may act in your favor for dismissal of the ticket - that
is, if you were polite and respectful when receiving the citation. Tips Don't lie. Police
officers do this many times every day and your body language will probably give you away.
Don’t come up with any lame excuses; the police officer has heard them all, and some of
those 'excuses' can easily turn into additional tickets. For instance, claiming you were
"only" coasting down a hill is actually an additional infraction in many jurisdictions.
"Distracted driving" is also a growing new category of potential bonus-offenses.
Warnings
Be careful with trying to flirt your way out of a ticket. Some officers will play along, while
others will be offended and come down harsher on you for this gamble. Being rude,
obnoxious or demanding never helps. Be respectful. Try to chat with the officer and be
polite. The best way to avoid getting a ticket is to drive within the law. Do not threaten the
police officer with comments such as "I’ll see you in court." Be aware that in most
jurisdictions, going 15 mph (24 km/h) over the speed limit not only counts as speeding,
but qualifies you for a significantly more expensive reckless driving citation.

SELF-CHECK 4.4-1
A. Give at least ten Traffic Enforcer Job Responsibilities.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
B. Give at least five Violations in Connection with Licensing.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C. Enumerate few simple guidelines to avoid a traffic ticket.

1.
2.
3.
4.
ANSWER KEY 4.4-1
A. Give at least ten Traffic Enforcer Job Responsibilities.

1. Make sure that traffic rules and regulations are followed by all drivers, passengers and
pedestrians
2. Help pedestrians, especially the aged and children to cross the street (at times)
3. Help people who might have lost their way
4. Observe and advice traffic violators
5. Catch traffic violators and issue appropriate tickets or penalties
6. Respond and attend to traffic emergencies promptly
7. Call other departments if cases and situations come to worse
8. Report to superiors as required
9. Educate people on traffic safety and health
10. Keep a record of all traffic violations, traffic incidents and other traffic related situations

B. Give at least five Violations in Connection with Licensing.
1. Driving without Driver’s License
2. Driving a Motor Vehicle While Under the Influence of Alcohol, Dangerous Drugs and/or
Similar Substance Upon Final Conviction by a Regular Court of Competent Jurisdiction
(Section 12, R.A. 10586)
3. . Reckless Driving / Driving Above the Speed Limit
4. Submission of Fake Documents in Relation to the Application for a Driver’s License
(New/Renewal)
5. Failure to Require His/her Passenger/s to Wear the Prescribed Seat
C. Enumerate few simple guidelines to avoid a traffic ticket.

1.Drive Safely Obey the rules of the road.
2.Practice defensive driving.
3.Wear your seat belt.
TASK SHEET 4.4-1

Title: Respect Traffic Enforcers and other traffic management unit. Performance
Objective/s: Given the procedure in “when catching cops and getting pulled over”, you
should be able to perform on how to manage conflict and accept your violations in
connection with licensing issued by a traffic enforcer with courtesy and respect.
Supplies/ Materials/ Equipment: Light Vehicle Car, Driver’s License Steps/Procedures:

1. Pulled Over
2. When the officer comes to your window, greet him or her with respectful words, such as
"Good evening, officer.
3.Avoid admissions of guilt (or don't)
4. Accept your violations and take an appropriate action.
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 4.4-1 CRITERIA
YES
NO
Traffic authority instructions are compiled as prescribed by law. Traffic violation

tickets/receipts issued by Traffic enforcers are accepted and appropriate action is taken.
OPERATION SHEET 4.5-1

Title: Perform Driving Using a Manual car. Performance Objective/s: Given a light vehicle
car you should be able to perform driving a manual car for 1 hour in accordance with
standard operating procedures. Supplies/ Materials/ Equipment: Light vehicle Car
Steps/Procedures: 1. Getting in the car and put on your seatbelt 2. Put the key in the
ignition and turn all the way until the engine starts 3. Put the clutch pedal down (this the
pedal on the left) 4. Move the gear stick into first gear 5. Use your right foot to press down
on the accelerator gently to increase the engine’s revs very slightly 6. Slowly lift the clutch
pedal using your left foot until it starts to vibrate gently 7. This vibration is known as the
car’s “bite point” - this is where the clutch plates start to come together. 8. Remove the
handbrake and the car should start to move slowly 9. Increase the revs while slowly raising
your foot off the clutch unit you are moving forward with only the use of the accelerator
pedal.
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 4.5-1 CRITERIA
YES
NO
Did you get in the car and put on your seatbelt? Were you able to put the key in the ignition
and turn all the way until the engine starts? Were you able to put the clutch pedal down
easily? Were you able to move the gear stick into first gear? Were you able to use your right
foot to press down on the accelerator gently to increase the engine’s revs very slightly?
Were you able to slowly lift the clutch pedal using your left foot until it starts to vibrate
gently? Were you able to remove the handbrake and so that the car should start to move
slowly? Did you increase the revs while slowly raising your foot off the clutch unit you are
moving forward with only the use of the accelerator pedal? Did you follow the procedures
with 100% accuracy?

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MODULE CONTENT

CBLMs on Driving NC II OBEY and OBSERVE TRAFFIC RULES AND REGULATIONS

Date Developed: JUNE 2021

COMPILED BY: ROBERT A. DELFIN Page 1

NO. UNIT OF COMPETENCIES MODULE TITLE CODE

1. Carry Out Minor Vehicle Carry Out Minor ALT723348

2. Drive Light Vehicle Obeying Drive Light Vehicle ALT832302

3. Observe Traffic Rules and Observe Traffic ALT832303

4. Implement and Coordinate Implement and ALT832304

CBLMs on Driving NC II OBEY and OBSERVE TRAFFIC RULES AND REGULATIONS

Date Developed: JUNE 2021

COMPILED BY: ROBERT A. DELFIN Page 2

MODULE TITLE : Obeying and Observing Traffic Rules and Regulations

INTRODUCTION :This module involves the skills, knowledge and attitudes

1. Observe traffic signs and road markers

CBLMs on Driving NC II OBEY and OBSERVE TRAFFIC RULES AND REGULATIONS

Date Developed: JUNE 2021

COMPILED BY: ROBERT A. DELFIN Page 3

LEARNING OUTCOME # 1 OBSERVE TRAFFIC SIGNS AND ROAD

CBLMs on Driving NC II OBEY and OBSERVE TRAFFIC RULES AND REGULATIONS

Date Developed: JUNE 2021

COMPILED BY: ROBERT A. DELFIN Page 4

LEARNING ACTIVITIES SPECIAL INSTRUCTION

Read Information Sheet 1.1-1 Traffic signs

were identify and follow. Check.

. Check answers with Answer Key 1.1-1

Perform Task Sheet 1.1-1 Drive Safely in

CBLMs on Driving NC II OBEY and OBSERVE TRAFFIC RULES AND REGULATIONS

Date Developed: JUNE 2021

COMPILED BY: ROBERT A. DELFIN Page 5

Information Sheet 1.1-1

CBLMs on Driving NC II OBEY and OBSERVE TRAFFIC RULES AND REGULATIONS

Date Developed: JUNE 2021

COMPILED BY: ROBERT A. DELFIN Page 6

ROAD TRAFFIC SIGNS

3. Prohibited/ Restriction Sign

4. Speed Limit Sign

CBLMs on Driving NC II OBEY and OBSERVE TRAFFIC RULES AND REGULATIONS

Date Developed: JUNE 2021

COMPILED BY: ROBERT A. DELFIN Page 7

CBLMs on Driving NC II OBEY and OBSERVE TRAFFIC RULES AND REGULATIONS

Date Developed: JUNE 2021

COMPILED BY: ROBERT A. DELFIN Page 8

Different rules exist for hard shoulders on motorways ROAD MARKINGS

HOW TO PASS SAFELY ON A TWO LANE ROAD

1. Checking your surroundings.

CBLMs on Driving NC II OBEY and OBSERVE TRAFFIC RULES AND REGULATIONS

Date Developed: JUNE 2021

COMPILED BY: ROBERT A. DELFIN Page 9

A. Enumerate the six types of traffic signs under Regulatory Sign

B. Enumerate the three example of traffic sign under Miscellaneous Sign.

C. Enumerate the two types of signs under Priority Sign.

D. Enumerate the 12 steps on two lane road test.

ANSWER KEY 1.1-1

A. Enumerate the six types of traffic signs under Regulatory Sign

CBLMs on Driving NC II OBEY and OBSERVE TRAFFIC RULES AND REGULATIONS

Date Developed: JUNE 2021

COMPILED BY: ROBERT A. DELFIN Page 10

ANSWER: No Blowing of Horn , No Parking Sign , Pedestrian Crossing Sign