HMDA Mechanical Services Data Book Medical Gas Systems 2021 Edition Medical Gases

HMDA Mechanical Services Data Book
Medical Gas Systems 2021 Edition

A.
MEDICAL GASES
Supply Source refers to the sources of medical air or vacuum suction. There are four main sources for medical
gases:
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B.
MEDICAL GAS DEMAND AND USE FACTORS
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A. COMPRESSED GASES
1) Medical Compressed Air (MA)
Table MG-3 ‒ Medical Compressed Air (MA) System Demand 1
Source: Extracted from Table 9-5, Ref. 9 [UFC 4-510-01 Design: Military Medical Facilities (2019)]
Occupancy Units of Count SCFM LPM Usage Factor
Anesthetizing Locations:
Minor Surgery/Operating Room/Cystology Room 0.53 143 100%
Endoscopy Room 0.5 14 10%
Trauma Room 0.53 143 25%
Veterinary Surgery Room 0.5 14 50%
Radiology Room 0.5 14 10%
Ambulatory Care Locations:
Recovery (PACU) Bed 23 573 10%
3 3
ICU/Cardiac Care Unit (CCU) Bed 2 57 10%
Emergency Room (ER)/Triage Bed 2 57 10%
Neonatal ICU Bed 1.5 42 10%
Dialysis Unit Bed 0.5 14 10%
Postpartum Recovery Bed 23 573 10%
Infant Resuscitation (within Nursery) Bed 0.5 14 50%
Pediatrics ICU Bed 2 57 50%
Subacute Care Locations:
Nursery Room 0.5 14 25%
Patient Rooms Room 0.35 10 10%
Exam/Treatment Room 1 30 10%
Pre-Op Holding Outlet 1.5 42 10%
Respiratory Care/Therapy Each 1 28 50%
Pulmonary Function Lab Outlet 1 30 50%
EEG and ECG Outlet 1 30 50%
LDR and LDRP Room 1 28 50%
Animal Research Room 1 25 25%
Blood Donors Station2 0.35 10 10%
Cast Room Room 0.5 14 10%
Airborne Infection Isolation Room and Protective Bed 1 30 10%
Environment Rooms
Observation (within ER) Bed 1 30 10%
Pediatric/Adolescent Bedroom Bed 0.5 14 10%
Other:
Anesthesia Workroom Room 1.5 43 10%
Respiratory Care Workroom Station2 1.5 43 10%
Nursery Workroom Room 0.5 14 10%
Equipment Repair Outlet 1.5 43 10%
Med. Laboratory Outlet 1.5 43 25%
1
This is a generic listing that must be applied to the specific room functions listed in Appendix B Architectural
and Engineering Design Requirements.
2
Demand rate is per patient care station or technician workstation as applicable.
3
Provide an additional 75 LPM (2.6 SCFM) for each ventilator as established by the Using Agency. Provide for
not less than 2 ventilators per Operating Room and Recovery Room. Provide for not less than 1 ventilator for
all other spaces.
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Table MG-4 ‒ Medical air 400 kPa – design and diversified flows
Source: Extracted from Table 18, Ref. 4 [HTM 02-01- Medical gas pipeline systems, Part A]
Notes:
1. It is assumed that a patient will use oxygen in a ward or in the treatment room.
2. Where two cot spaces have been provided in an LDRP room, assume only one will require medical air.
3. This diversified flow is also used for helium/oxygen mixture (see paragraph 4.73).
Table MG-5 ‒ Medical air 700 kPa – Typical pressure and flow requirements for surgical tools
Source: Extracted from Table 19, Ref. 4 [HTM 02-01- Medical gas pipeline systems, Part A]
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Table MG-6 ‒ Medical Air Source Sizing

Source: Extracted from Detail 5.6, Ref. 14 [Medical Gas Design Guide by BeaconMedæs (2021)]
Usage Simultaneous
Occupancy Units of Count
SCFM LPM Use
Autopsy Not permitted (d)
Blood Donors Station 0.4 10 5%
Decontamination Not permitted (d)
Demonstration (Inservice) Station 0.5 14 10%
Dental treatment (a) Station 0.5 14 10%
Electroconvulsive therapy Room 0.5 14 20%
Hyperbaric holding Room 0.5 14 10%
Intermediate Care / Step down Bed 1 30 25%
Isolation (Infectious disease) not in Critical Care Bed 1 30 20%
Laboratory (b) Not permitted
Protective Environment Bed 1 30 10%
Psychiatric / Secure / Seclusion Bed 0.5 14 10%
Recovery (PACU) Bed 2 57 30%
Phase 2 recovery (separate from PACU) Bed 1 30 10%
Patient Room Bed 0.4 10 10%
Respiratory Therapy Station 1 30 50%
Sterilization / Central Supply Not permitted (d)
Veterinary Applications (b) Not permitted
Endoscopy:
Endoscopy/Catheterization Room Room 0.5 14 10%
Endo holding and recovery Bed 0.4 10 10%
Critical Care:
Airborne Infectious Isolation in Critical Care Bed 2 57 50%
Critical Care (general) / Intensive care Bed 2 57 50%
Emergency:
Holding/Initial Management Bed 2 57 10%
Triage (per station) Station 2 57 10%
Treatment / Trauma Station 2 57 20%
Observation Bed 2 57 10%
Treatment Station 2 57 25%
Cardiac treatment Room 0.5 14 25%
Orthopedic/Cast Room Room 0.5 14 10%
Imaging:
Class 1 Imaging Room 0.5 14 10%
Class 2 Imaging (Procedures) Room 0.5 14 30%
Class 3 Imaging (Interventional) Room 2 57 30%
Obstetrics:
Caesarean Delivery Room Room (C) 0.7 20 100%
Labor/Delivery/Recovery (LDR) Room (C) 0.5 14 25%
Labor/Delivery/Recovery/Postpartum (LDRP) Room (C) 0.5 14 25%
Antepartum / Postpartum Bed 0.4 10 10%
Caesarean Recovery Bed Bed 2 57 25%
Infant Resuscitation Station Bed 0.4 10 30%
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Table MG-6 ‒ Medical Air Source Sizing (continuation)

Usage Simultaneous
SCFM LPM Use
Operating Rooms:
Endoscopy/Catheterization Room Room 0.5 14 10%
Endo holding and recovery Bed 0.4 10 10%
Pediatric:
Pediatric Critical Care Bed 2 57 50%
Neonatal ICU (all levels) Bed 1.5 42 75%
Nursery Bed 0.5 14 25%
Continuing Care Nursery Bed 0.5 14 25%
Pediatric and Adolescent Bed 0.5 14 10%
Ventilators:
Standard each 0.7 20 50%
Oscillating each 1 30 75%
Notes:
Outlets are per bed or per station except where noted.
(a) Dental systems are separate from medical systems. The medical air system may not be used for tools, and
the dental air system may not be used for respiration.
(b) Veterinary and laboratory systems are normally separate from medical systems.
(c) Count infant resuscitation stations separately
(d) See Chapter XX on Utility and Nonmedical Air
Table MG-7 ‒ Preliminary Medical Air Source Sizing @ 50 psig (350 kPa)
Source: Extracted from Table 2-11, Ref. 11 [ASPE Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook Volume 3 (2015)]
Use Use Factor,
Occupancy Units of Count a percent
Scfm Lpm
Surgical Procedures
Pre-op holding Bed 1.5 10%
Major invasive Rooms Room 0.5 100%
Minor invasive Rooms Room 0.5 75%
Trauma and emergency Room 0.5 25%
Catherization and lab work Room 0.5 10%
Endoscopy Room 0.5 10%
Recovery Bed 2 25%
Tests and Outpatient Procedures
X-ray, CAT, NMR, PET scans Room 0.5 10%
Dialysis Bed 0.5 10%
Exam and minor treatment Room 1 10%
EEG/EKG Room 1 50%
Pulmonary function Bed or static 1 50%
Respiratory care Bed or static 1 50%
Observation Bed or static 1.5 10%
Perinatal and Pediatric
Birthing or LDRP Room 1 50%
Delivery room Room 0.5 100%
Nursery Bed 0.5 25%
NICU Bed 1.5 75%
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Table MG-7‒ Preliminary Medical Air Source Sizing (continuation)

Use Use Factor,
Scfma Lpm percent
Intensive Care
Adult ICU, CCU, etc. Bed 2 50%
Pediatric ICU (except NICU) Bed 2 50%
Emergency (not surgical) Bed 2 10%
Equipment Maintenance
Workrooms Station 1.5 10%
Laboratory
Medical lab uses Station 1.5 25%
Other
Patient rooms Room 0.5 10%
Proportioned air Room 0.5 —
Ventilator add-in Unit 3.5 50%
2) Dental Compressed Air (DA)

Table MG-8 ‒ Dental Treatment Room (DTR)
Usage Factor Table MG-9 ‒ Lab Usage Factor
Source: p. 78, Ref. 9 [UFC] Source: p. 78, Ref. 9 [UFC]
Number of DTR Chairs DTR Usage Factor (DUF) Number of Technicians Lab Usage Factor (LUF)
1-3 1.0 1 -5 0.6
4-6 0.9 6 – 10 0.5
7 - 12 0.8 11 – 19 0.4
13 - 19 0.7 20 and up 0.3
20 and up 0.6
Table MG-10 ‒ Compressor Grouping Table MG-11 ‒ Receiver Size

Source: p. 79, Ref. 9 [UFC] Source: Table 9-6, Ref. 9 [UFC]
System Usage Factor
Type Number of DTR Chair Gallons per DTR Chair
(SUF)
Duplex 0.65 1-6 10
Triplex 0.33 7-9 9
Quadruplex 0.25 10 - 12 8
13 - 15 7
16 - 18 6
19 - 21 5
21 4
Dental Treatment Room Demand (DA)  No. of DTR chairs  1.42 L/s  DUF
Dental Lab Air Demand (LA) = No. of Technicians X 0.472 L/s X LUF
 No. of sand/shell blasters  1.888 L/s  LUF
 No. of air chisels  1.415 L/s  LUF
 No. of denture presses  0.472 L/s  LUF
 No. of micro-blasters  2.831 L/s  LUF
 No. of high speed hand pieces  1.415 L/s  LUF
Sterilization demand = No. of hand piece purge stations X 0.472 L/s
Standard (total) demand = DTR demand  Lab demand  Sterilization demand
Compressor size = SUF  Standard demand
The receiver must be sized based on MG-11 [Table 9-6]
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Flow and pressure requirements at the dental chair [Ref. 6] [Dental]

A system should be able to provide a minimum flow of 1.8 cfm (50 l/min) at the instrument connection end of the
operating hose, with the system operating at design flow. A typical pressure of 80 psig ( 550 kPa) at the floor-box
outlet connection will be required to achieve this.
Table MG-6 ‒ Dental Chairs System Capacity Calculation

Source: p. 10, Ref. 5 [Dental]
Flow
Number of Chairs Diversified Flow
SCFM LPM
Q, cfm = n1.8 CFM
10 1.8 50
Q, lpm = n50 LPM
Q, cfm = 18[(n–10)1.860%] CFM
10 1.8 50
Q, lpm = 500[(n–10)5060%] L PM
where n = number of dental chairs
3) Medical Compressed Laboratory Air (LA)
Table MG-6 ‒ Medical Laboratory Air (LA) System Demand
Source: Table 9-7, Ref. 9
Number of Outlets Use Factor Minimum CFM Minimum L/s
1-2 100
3 – 12 80 3 1.4
13 - 38 60 10 4.7
39 -115 40 25 11.8
116 - 316 30 50 23.6
317 - 700 20 95 44.8
4) Compressed Instrument Air (IA)

The piping system must be suitable to deliver 15 SCFM (7 L/s) per outlet, with a demand usage factor of
100 percent. [Source: p. 81, Ref. 9]
The tools can be very demanding, with typical usages ranging from 8-15 SCFM (225-425 LPM).
System Capacity (IA)  350 LPM  ([n-1]  87.5 LPM) or
System Capacity (IA)  12 SCFM  ([n-1]  3 SCFM)
Where:
n = number of locations or tools
LPM = Liters per minute
SCFM= Standard cubic feet per minute
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B. VACUUM
1) Medical Surgical Vacuum (MV)
CGA P-2.1 Method
Table MG-6 ‒ Vacuum Source Sizing (CGA P-2.1 Method)
Source: Detail 6.5, Ref. 14 [Beacon Medaes]
Usage
SCFM LPM
Autopsy Station 0.4 10
Blood Donors Station 0.1 3
Decontamination (P)
Demonstration (Inservice) Station 0.5 14
Dental treatment (a) Chair
Electroconvulsive therapy Room 0.1 3
Hyperbaric holding Bed 0.1 3
Intermediate Care / Step down Bed 1 30
Isolation (Infectious disease) not in Critical Care Bed 1 30
Laboratory (a)
Protective Environment Bed 0.1 3
Psychiatric / Secure / Seclusion Bed 0.1 3
Recovery (PACU) Bed 0.75 20
Phase 2 recovery (separate from PACU) Bed 0.75 20
Patient Room Bed 0.1 3
Respiratory Therapy Station 0.5 14
Sterilization / Central Supply Station 0.5 14
Veterinary Applications (a)
Endoscopy
Endoscopy/Catheterization Station 0.1 3
Endo holding and recovery Bed 0.1 3
Critical Care:
Airborne Infectious Isolation in Critical Care Bed 1.5 43
Critical Care (general) / Intensive care Bed 1.5 43
Emergency:
Holding/Initial Management Bed 0.5 14
Triage (per station) Station 1.5 43
Treatment / Trauma Station 1.5 43
Observation Bed 0.1 3
Treatment Station 0.5 14
Cardiac treatment Room 0.5 14
Orthopedic/Cast Room Room 0.1 3
Imaging:
Class 1 Imaging Room 0.1 3
Class 2 Imaging Room 1.5 43
Class 3 Imaging (Interventional Room 3.5 100
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Table MG-6 ‒ Vacuum Source Sizing (CGA P-2.1 Method) (continuation)
Usage
SCFM LPM
Obstetrics
Caesarean Delivery Room Room 1 30
Labor/Delivery/Recovery (LDR) Room 1 30
Labor/Delivery/Recovery/Postpartum (LDRP) Room 1 30
Antepartum / Postpartum (per bed) Bed 1 30
Caesarean Recovery (per station) Bed 0.75 20
Infant Resuscitation (per station) Bed 0.5 14
Operating Rooms:
Anesthesia Workroom (per station) Station 0.1 3
Operating Rooms Room 3.5 100
Pediatric:
Pediatric Critical Care Bed 1.2 34
Neonatal ICU (all levels) Bed 0.5 14
Nursery Bed 0.1 3
Continuing Care Nursery Bed 0.1 3
Pediatric and Adolescent Bed 0.1 3
WAGD (If Dual use systems are employed) Room 2 57
System Capacity (MV)  (# of rooms  Usage)  (#of beds  Usage)  (# of stations  Usage)
NFPA Method
Table MG-6 ‒ Vacuum Source Sizing (NFPA Method)
Inlet High
Occupancy
Class Demand
Autopsy B No
Blood Donors B No
Decontamination (P)
Demonstration (Inservice) B No
Dental treatment (a)
Electroconvulsive therapy B No
Hyperbaric holding B No
Intermediate Care / Step down B No
Isolation (Infectious disease) not in Critical Care A No
Laboratory (a)
Protective Environment B No
Psychiatric / Secure / Seclusion B No
Recovery (PACU) A No
Phase 2 recovery (separate from PACU) B No
Patient Room B No
Respiratory Therapy B No
Sterilization / Central Supply
Veterinary Applications (a)
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Table MG-6 ‒ Vacuum Source Sizing (NFPA Method) (continuation)
Inlet High
Occupancy
Class Demand
Endoscopy
Endoscopy/Catheterization A No
Endo holding and recovery B No
Critical Care:
Airborne Infectious Isolation in Critical Care A No
Critical Care (general) / Intensive care A No
Emergency:
Holding/Initial Management B No
Triage (per station) A Yes
Treatment / Trauma A Yes
Observation B No
Treatment B No
Cardiac treatment B No
Orthopedic/Cast Room B No
Imaging:
Class 1 Imaging B No
Class 2 Imaging B No
Class 3 Imaging (Interventional A Yes
Obstetrics
Caesarean Delivery Room A Yes
Labor/Delivery/Recovery (LDR) B No
Labor/Delivery/Recovery/Postpartum (LDRP) B No
Antepartum / Postpartum (per bed) B No
Caesarean Recovery (per station) B No
Infant Resuscitation (per station) B No
Operating Rooms:
Anesthesia Workroom (per station) A No
Operating Rooms A Yes
Pediatric:
Pediatric Critical Care A No
Neonatal ICU (all levels) B No
Nursery B No
Continuing Care Nursery B No
Pediatric and Adolescent B No
WAGD (If Dual use systems are employed) A Yes
(P) Indicates a prohibited use.

(a) Dental, veterinary and laboratory systems are normally separate from
medical systems.
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Table MG-6 ‒ Medical Vacuum Source Sizing
Source: Table 9-8, Ref. 9 [UFC]
Diversity High
Occupancy
Factor Demand
Special Surgery and Cardiovascular A Yes
Major Surgery and Orthopedic A Yes
Minor Surgery/Cystology A Yes
Endoscopy A Yes
Trauma A Yes
Veterinary Surgery A Yes
Radiology B No
Cardiac Catheterization A Yes
Ambulatory Care Locations:
Recovery Room (PACU) A No
ICU/CCU A No
Emergency Room (ER)/Triage A Yes
Neonatal ICU A No
Dialysis Unit A No
Postpartum Recovery A No
Infant Resuscitation (within Nursery) A No
Pediatrics ICU A No
Subacute Care Locations:
Nursery A No
Patient Rooms B No
Decontamination Station B No
Exam/Treatment B No
Pre-Op Holding B No
Respiratory Care/Therapy B No
Pulmonary Function Lab B No
EENT, EEG, ECG, EMG B No
LDR & LDRP A No
Animal Research B No
Blood Donors B No
Cast Room B No
Airborne Infection Isolation Rooms and No
B
Protective Environment Rooms
Observation (within ER) B No
Pediatric/Adolescent Bedroom B No
Other:
Anesthesia Workroom B No
Respiratory Care Workroom B No
Nursery Workroom B No
Equipment Repair B No
Med. Laboratory B No
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Note 1: If the medical surgical vacuum system is to be used for the

disposal of waste anesthetic gases, caution must be taken to ensure
that the system is designed for the additional volume required. It is
recommended that 4-3.3.1, Waste Anesthetic Gas Disposal, be
consulted as well. It is essential that the design team consult with
medical and hospital staff when determining the minimum number of
station inlets.
Note 2: It should be understood that the percentage in use factors
obtained from this figure represent an average hospital. Hospitals
with heavier-than-average use can require higher use factors.
Figure MG-6 ‒ NFPA Diversity Curves
Source: Detail 6.4, Ref. 13 [Fig. C-4.3.4 in NFPA 99-1999 version]
Demand Medical Vacuum (MV)  DemandA  DemandB  DemandC

Where:
DemandA = # inlets for Diversity Factor A0.25 SCFM/inletDiversity Factor A
DemandB = # inlets for Diversity Factor B0.25 SCFM/inletDiversity Factor B
DemandC = # Rooms with High Demand1.5 SCFM/room
It is important to note that
DemandA and DemandB have a diversity factor
determined by Figure 9-1, whereas DemandC assumes no diversity (factor of
1.0).
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HTM Method
Table MG-6 ‒ Vacuum – Design and Diversified flows
Source: Table 21, Ref. 4 [HTM-01]
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Table MG-5 ‒ Flow Rates and Diversity Factors for Low-Pressure Medical Air Outlets and
Proportioned Air
Source: Table 2-17, Ref. 11 [ASPE Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook Volume 3 (2015)]
Design Flow Rate, SCFM* Simultaneous
Air Outlet/Equipment
Per Unit Per Room Per Bed Per Outlet Use Factor, %
Special surgery and cardiovascular 0.5 100
Major surgery and orthopedic 0.5 100
Minor surgery 0.5 75
Emergency surgery 0.5 25
Radiology 0.5 10
Cardiac catheterization 0.5 10
Ventilators 100
Delivery rooms 0.5 100
Cystoscope 0.5 100
Acute Care Locations
Recovery room 2 25
ICU/CCU 2 50
Emergency rooms 2 10
Neonatal ICU 1.5 75
Dialysis units 0.5 10
Recovery rooms/OB 2 25
Subacute Care Locations
Nursery 0.5 25
Patient rooms (where shown) 0.5 10
Exam and treatment 1 10
Pre-op holding 1.5 20
Respiratory care 1 50
Pulmonary function lab 1 50
EEG and EKG 1 50
Birthing and LDRP 1 50
Patient isolation room 0.5 25
Anesthesia workroom 1.5 10
Respiratory care workroom 1.5
Nursery workroom 1.5 10
Equipment repair 1.5 1.5 10
Medical laboratory 1.5 25
Autopsy 0.5 100
Sterile supply 0.5 10
Plaster room 0.5 50
Pharmacy 0.5 10
Dental, high pressure 2/chair 100
Dental, low pressure 1/chair 100
a 3
1 scfm = 0.03 m /min
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Table MG-5‒ Flow Rate and Diversity Factor for Low-Pressure Medical Air Outlets and
Proportioned Air
Source: Table 14.40, Ref. 13 [Frankel]
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2) Dental Surgical Vacuum (DSV)

Calculate system demand based on 2 SCFM (0.9 L/s) for each DTR DSV inlet with the demand factors in Table
9-9:
Table MG-6 ‒ DSV Demand Factors

Number of DTR DSV Inlets Use Factor
1 -6 1.0
7 – 10 0.8
10 0.6
3) Oral Evacuation (OE)

Calculate the system demand based on 7 SCFM (3.3 L/s) per inlet-nozzle orifice. The demand usage factor is
normally 100 percent. [Ref. 9]
4) High-Volume Laboratory Dust Evacuation (LDE)

The vacuum at the farthest inlet must be a minimum of 1.25 in-Hg (4.2 kPa). A flow rate of 60 SCFM (28 L/s)
per technician work station inlet and 150 SCFM (71 L/s) per equipment item inlet must be measured while
maintaining the 3 in-Hg (10 kPa) at the separator. [Ref. 8]
Table MG-6 ‒ LDE System Utilization Factors

Number of DTR DSV Inlets Use Factor
1-6 1.0
7 – 10 0.8
10 0.6
5) Waste Anesthesia Gas Disposal (WAGD)

Base design on a demand of 1.8 SCFM (50 LPM) per patient care station except for veterinary care which
must be based on a demand of 0.18 SCFM (5 LPM) per patient care station. [Ref. 8]
Table MG-4 ‒ WAGD Inlet Flows

Source: Detail 11.7.3, Ref. 14 [Beacon Medaes]
Flow
System Occupancy Unit Notes
(lpm/ft3)
WAGD All Per inlet 1.8 50 If sizing for a BS 6384 system, use 120 LPM
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C. GASES
1) Oxygen (O)
The piping system must be designed to deliver 0.7 CFM (20 LPM) at the outlet, utilizing a 100 percent usage
factor for outlets in Critical Care Areas and factors for outlets in other areas as defined in Table 9-11. [Ref. 8]
Table MG-2‒ Flow Rates and Diversity Factor for Oxygen Outlets
Source: Table 2-15, Ref. 11 [ASPE]
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Table MG-6 ‒ LDE System Utilization Factors

Number of Outlets Percent Usage (%)
1-3 100
4 – 12 75
13 - 20 50
21 - 40 31
41 - 80 15
81 or more 15
Table MG-3 ‒ Flow Rate and Diversity Factor for Oxygen Outlets
Source: Table 14.37, Ref. 12
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Storage Capacity Sizing (Oxygen)
Cylinders Liquid Bulk-Tank Storage

Table MG-6 ‒ Cylinder Manifold Systems Table MG-6 ‒ Oxygen Bulk Tank Sizes
Source: Table 9-12, Ref. 9 [UFC] Source: Table 9-13, Ref. 9 [UFC]
Minimum Number Gallons Liters
Number of Beds 1, 2
of Cylinders 500 1,895
1 - 50 8 1,500 5,680
51 – 75 12 3,000 11,355
76 - 100 16 6,000 22,710
101 - 125 20 9,000 34,065
126 - 150 24 11,000 41,635
1
Per bank of “H” cylinders 13,000 49,205
2
Study must be performed that includes an analysis of 18,000 68,130
an appropriate diversity factor and the cost-effective 20,000 75,700
option between cylinder and bulk storage. Gallons Liters
2) Nitrous Oxide (NO)

The piping system must be designed to provide for a demand of 0.7 CFM (20 LPM) per patient care station.
The system manifold must be sized to provide a minimum of 1/2 cylinder per week per patient care station
(based on H-size cylinders). The minimum number of cylinders per header must be two. [Ref. 8]
3) Nitrogen (N)
The piping system must be suitable to deliver 15 CFM per outlet, with a demand usage factor of 100 percent.
The system manifold must be sized to provide a minimum of 2 cylinders per week per orthopedic or
neurosurgery OR and 1 cylinder per week per all other anesthetizing locations (based on H-size cylinders).
The minimum number of cylinders per header must be two. [Ref. 8]
4) Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Design the piping system to provide a minimum demand of 2.0 CFM per outlet with a 100 percent usage
factor. In determining the storage capacity, designers must evaluate the CO2 demand of the equipment
intended for each facility and in consultation with the Using Agency. At a minimum, the system manifold
must be sized to provide a 1/2 cylinder per medical location (based on H-size cylinders). The minimum
number of cylinders per header must always be two. [Ref. 9]
Table MG-3 ‒ Flow Rate and Diversity Factor for Carbon Dioxide
Source: Table 14.38, Ref. 13 [Frankel]
Room Factor Use
OR 75% 1.0 CFM
4 – 12
5) Process Gas
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HMDA
Medical/Surgical Compressed Air
HMDA
Medical/Surgical Compressed Air

Nitrous Oxide
Table MG-8 ‒ Flow rate and Diversity Factor for Nitrous Oxide Outlets
Table MG-8 ‒ Flow Rates and Diversity Factor for Nitrous Oxide Outlets
High-Pressure Nitrogen and Compressed Air

Table MG-9 ‒ Flow Rate and Diversity Factor for Support Gas Outlets
Table MG-9 ‒ Diversity Factors for Support

Gas Outlets
HMDA
Instrument Air
Laboratory Compressed Air
Dental Compressed Air
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Medical Surgical Vacuum
Laboratory Vacuum
Vacuum Pump Exhaust
Dental Vacuum
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HMDA
Medical Surgical Vacuum

Table MG-10 ‒ Vacuum Inlet Flows
Source: Detail 11.7.1, Ref. 13
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Table MG-11 ‒ Preliminary Medical Vacuum Source Sizing
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Table MG-11 ‒ Flow Rates and Diversity Factors for Vacuum Inlets
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Table MG-12 ‒ Preliminary Medical Vacuum Source Sizing

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Figure MG-1 – Typical Cylinder Supply System

Note: Supply systems with different arrangements of valves and regulators are
permissible if they provide equivalent safeguards
Figure MG-2 – Typical Bulk Supply System Schematic

HMDA
A.
REFERENCES
1) Philippines Mechanical Engineering Code (2012)

2) NFPA 99 (2018) - Health Care Facilities Code
3) FGI - 2018 Guidelines for Design and
Construction of Hospitals
4) HTM 02-01- Medical gas pipeline systems, Part A
– Design, installation, validation and verification
5) HTM 02-01- Medical gas pipeline systems, Part B
– Operational management
6) HTM 2022 – Supplement 1 Dental Compressed
Air and Vacuum Systems
7) International Health Facility Guidelines (2020)
8) IAPMO Uniform Plumbing Code 2021, Chapter 13
– Health Care Facilities and Medical Gas and
Vacuum Systems
9) UFC 4-510-01 Design: Military Medical Facilities
(2019)
10) ASPE Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook
Volume 2 Plumbing Systems, Chapter 10:
Vacuum Systems (2014)
11) ASPE Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook
Volume 3 Special Plumbing Systems, Chapter 2:
Plumbing Design for Healthcare Facilities (2015)
12) Pharmaceutical Facilities Plumbing Systems by M.
Frankel (2004)
13) Facility Piping Systems Handbook by Frankel (3E,
2010)
14) Medical Gas Design Guide by BeaconMedæs
(2021), www.beaconmedical.com
15) Amico Source Design Guide
16) Medical Gas Design Guide - Air and Vacuum
Systems / Medical Gas Pipeline
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HMDA Mechanical Services Data Book Medical Gas Systems 2021 Edition Medical Gases

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HMDA Mechanical Services Data Book

Medical Gas Systems 2021 Edition

Table MG-6 ‒ Medical Air Source Sizing

Table MG-6 ‒ Medical Air Source Sizing (continuation)

Table MG-7‒ Preliminary Medical Air Source Sizing (continuation)

Ventilator add-in Unit 3.5 50%

2) Dental Compressed Air (DA)

Table MG-10 ‒ Compressor Grouping Table MG-11 ‒ Receiver Size

Flow and pressure requirements at the dental chair [Ref. 6] [Dental]

Table MG-6 ‒ Dental Chairs System Capacity Calculation

4) Compressed Instrument Air (IA)

(P) Indicates a prohibited use.

Note 1: If the medical surgical vacuum system is to be used for the

Demand Medical Vacuum (MV)  DemandA  DemandB  DemandC

2) Dental Surgical Vacuum (DSV)

Table MG-6 ‒ DSV Demand Factors

3) Oral Evacuation (OE)

4) High-Volume Laboratory Dust Evacuation (LDE)

Table MG-6 ‒ LDE System Utilization Factors

5) Waste Anesthesia Gas Disposal (WAGD)

Table MG-4 ‒ WAGD Inlet Flows

Table MG-6 ‒ LDE System Utilization Factors

Storage Capacity Sizing (Oxygen)

Cylinders Liquid Bulk-Tank Storage

2) Nitrous Oxide (NO)

4) Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Medical/Surgical Compressed Air

Medical/Surgical Compressed Air

High-Pressure Nitrogen and Compressed Air

Table MG-9 ‒ Diversity Factors for Support

Laboratory Compressed Air

Dental Compressed Air

Medical Surgical Vacuum

Vacuum Pump Exhaust

Medical Surgical Vacuum

Table MG-12 ‒ Preliminary Medical Vacuum Source Sizing

Figure MG-1 – Typical Cylinder Supply System

Figure MG-2 – Typical Bulk Supply System Schematic

1) Philippines Mechanical Engineering Code (2012)

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