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Primus stove
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Primus stove model 1 advertising poster

The Primus stove was the first pressurized-burner kerosene (paraffin) stove,
developed in 1892 by Frans Wilhelm Lindqvist, a factory mechanic
in Stockholm. The stove was based on the design of the hand-held blowtorch;
Lindqvist’s patent covered the burner, which was turned upward on the stove
instead of outward as on the blowtorch.[1] The same year, Lindqvist partnered
with Johan Viktor Svenson [sv] and established J.V. Svenson’s Kerosene Stove
Factory for manufacturing the new stoves which were sold under the
name Primus.[2] The first model was the No.1 stove, which was quickly
followed by a number of similarly-designed stoves of different models and
sizes.[3] Shortly thereafter, B.A. Hjorth & Co. (later Bahco), a tool and
engineering firm begun in Stockholm in 1889, acquired the exclusive rights to
sell the Primus stove.[4]
The efficient Primus stove quickly earned a reputation as a reliable and durable
stove in everyday use, and it performed especially well under adverse
conditions: it was the stove of choice for Fridtjof Nansen's North Pole attempt,
Roald Amundsen's South Pole expedition,[5] and Richard Byrd’s North Pole
expedition.[6] Primus stoves also accompanied George Mallory's ill-fated
expedition to Mount Everest in 1924,[7] as well as Tenzing and Hillary's
successful one in 1953.[8] While many other companies also made portable
stoves of a similar design to the Primus, this style is often generically referred
to as a "Primus" stove, regardless of the manufacturer.[9]
Contents
 1Construction
 2Principle of operation
 3See also
 4References
 5External links
Construction[edit]
The Primus No. 1 stove, made of brass, consists of a fuel tank at the base, above
which is a "rising tube" and the burner assembly. A steel top ring on which to
set a pot is held above the burner by three support legs. Other Primus-style
stoves may be larger or smaller, but have the same basic design. The No. 1
stove weighs about 2.5 pounds (1.1 kg), and measures about 8.5 inches
(220 mm) high with an overall diameter of just under 7 inches (180 mm). The
tank, about 3.5 inches (90 mm) high, holds a little over 2 imperial pints (1.1 l)
of kerosene and will burn for about four hours on a full tank.[10]
Principle of operation[edit]
Illustration of Burner Assembly. A: Rising tube (from fuel tank); B: Ascending

tube; C: Burner head; D: Descending tube; E: Vapor nozzle. The ascending
tubes and descending tubes are at right angles to one another.
Primus Stove components
To light the stove, the user pours a small amount of alcohol into a circular
"spirit cup" just below the burner and lights it to heat the burner assembly.
When it is hot, the user pressurizes the tank by means of a small hand pump
integrated into the housing, which forces kerosene from the tank up through the
rising tube (A) and the ascending pipe (B) to the pre-heated burner head (C),
where the fuel is heated and vaporized. The kerosene vapour is then forced
under pressure through the descending tube (D) to the vapor nozzle (E); here it
sprays through a jet in the middle of the burner, where it mixes with air and
burns in a sootless blue flame. The heat from that flame vaporizes more fuel to
sustain the process when the spirit cup burns out. The user can pump the tank
more to increase the pressure and make the flame larger; turning a small "air
screw" (usually located in the filler cap) will release pressure from the tank and
make the flame smaller.[11]
If no alcohol is available for lighting, a twist of cloth or even dry grass will
form a wick in the spirit cup. Pumping once will dispense a small amount of
kerosene to dribble down into the cup which will then light using the wick. As
the flame dies down, a further gentle pump will either ignite the main burner or
dispense more kerosene into the spirit cup.
Prior to the introduction of the Primus, kerosene stoves were constructed in the
same manner as oil lamps, which use a wick to draw fuel from the tank to the
burner and which produce a great deal of soot due to incomplete combustion.
The Primus stove's design, which uses pressure and heat to vaporize the
kerosene before ignition, results in a hotter, more efficient stove that does not
soot.[12] Because it did not use a wick and did not produce soot, the Primus stove
was advertised as the first "sootless" and "wickless" stove.[13]

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Primus stove

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Primus stove model 1 advertising poster

Illustration of Burner Assembly. A: Rising tube (from fuel tank); B: Ascending

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