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PRACTICE
1. Match each picture with a suitable word/phrase.
1. a. deforestation

2. b. lawmaker

3. c. fertilizer

4. d. catastrophic

5. e. light bulb

Your answer:
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
2. Match each word/phrase on the left with its description on the right.
1. irresponsible a. not thinking enough about the effects of what they do
2. alternative b. existing in large numbers
3. identify c. that can be used instead of something else
4. numerous d. causing a lot of damage and suffering
5. catastrophic e. to find or discover somebody/something
Your answer:
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
3. Word formation: Give the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. The government has pledged to clean up industrial _________________________________________ (emit)
2. Flu is highly __________________________________________________ (infect)
3. We risk upsetting the (ecology) ______________________________________________ balance of the area.
4. Strikes are causing severe ___________________________________ to all train services. (disrupt)
5. The mountain gorilla is on the verge of __________________________________________ (extinct)
6. Police are investigating the _________________________________________ of a young woman. (appear)
7. There is a need for greater __________________________________ and choice in education. (diverse)
8. Profits have increased ___________________________________ over the past few years. (signify)
9. State _____________________ have been arguing over the new healthcare reform bill for months. (lawmake)
10. It is said that land erosion is caused by widespread _______________________________________. (forest)
4. Choose the best answer.
1. We apologize for the delay in answering your letter. The underlined word has the closest meaning to ____.
A. decay B. repay C. agreement D. postponement
2. William: "Who will come to Thomas's housewarming party?" - Scot: “____”
 A. He's invited all his fellow workers. B. No, I haven't been there.
C. It will be warm house. D. He's cooking rice and noodle.
3. The country's entire grain harvest has been hit by a ____.
A. brought B. fought C. drought D. sought
7. The related publications are far too numerous ____ list individually.
A. to B. from C. of D. into
5. "After her partner had uninstalled a program, he restarted the computer." has the closest meaning to ____.
A. After had uninstalled a program, her partner restarted the computer,
B. Had uninstalled a program, her partner restarted the computer.
C. Having uninstalled a program, her partner restarted the computer.
D. After uninstalled a program, her partner restarted the computer
6. "That policeman had hidden the special statue in a wooden box, but he denied this." has the closest meaning
to ____.
A. That policeman denied to have hidden the special statue in a wooden box.
B. That policeman denied had hidden the special statue in a wooden box.
C. That policeman denied having hide the special statue in a wooden box.
D. That policeman denied having hidden the special statue in a wooden box.
7. Scientists worry about the ____ of many species of plants and animals from our planet.
A. erupt B. amount C. erode D. disappearance
8. The heavy rain has caused ____ in many parts of the country.
A. food B. drought C. importance D. floods
9. Plants ____ carbon dioxide from the air.
A. absorb B. resource C. sort D. export
10. You need to ____ the tension in these shoulder muscles.
A. release B. pleasure C. strengthen D. enlighten
11. Your receptionist talked to me after ____ with some other customers.
A. have dealt B. having dealt C. dealt D. having dealing
12. The police suspected that strange van driver of ____ and eaten many wild animals.
A. hunting B. hunted C. having hunted D. had hunted
13. The factory ____ for dumping tons of toxic waste into the river.
A. was heavily fine B. was heavily fined C. was heavily fining D. was heavily fines
14. There's an increased ____ for organic produce these days.
A. success B. prepare C. demand D. complete
15. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. emission B. infectious C. identify D. fertilizer
16. We know of several mass ____ in the earth's history,
A. distinction B. extinction C. distinct D. extinctions
17. Choose the answer which needs correcting.
Spend all the money on advertising, he ended up going home empty-handed.
A B C D
18. Choose the answer which needs correcting.
The student was criticized on having written his final paper carelessly.
A B C D
19. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. alternative B. catastrophic C. interference D. disappearance
20. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. ecological B. extinction C. significantly D. economy
5. Rearrange the words/phrases to make meaningful sentences.
1. the / was / having / of / He / stolen / money. / accused
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. wine. / She / up / of / suddenly, / glass / stood / upsetting / a
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. trap. / he / right / walked / the / nothing, / Suspecting / into
__________________________________________________________________________________________
4. finished / Having/ his / he / to / all / bed. / homework, / went
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. film / before, / Having / the / the / didn't seen / want / I / to / to / cinema. / go
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Mitigation and adaptation

Mitigation - reducing climate change - involves reducing the flow of heat-trapping greenhouse gases into
the atmosphere, either by reducing sources of these gases (for example, the burning of fossil fuels for electricity,
heat or transport) or enhancing the "sinks" that ____ (1) and store these gases (such as the oceans, forests and
soil). The goal of mitigation is to avoid dangerous human ____ (2) with the climate system, and "stabilize
greenhouse gas levels in a timeframe sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, ensure
that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner"
(from the 2014 report on Mitigation of Climate Change from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change, page 4). Adaptation - adapting to life in a changing climate - involves adjusting to actual or
expected future climate. The goal is to reduce our ____ (3) to the harmful effects of climate change (like sea-
level encroachment, more intense extreme weather events or food insecurity). It also encompasses making the
most of any potential beneficial opportunities ____ (4) with climate change (for example, longer growing
seasons or increased yields in some regions).
Throughout history, people and societies have adjusted to and coped ____ (5) changes in climate and
extremes with varying degrees of success. Climate change (drought in particular) has been at least partly ____
(6) for the rise and fall of civilizations. Earth's climate has been relatively stable for the past 12,000 years and
this ____ (7) has been crucial for the development of our modern civilization and life as we know it. Modern
life is tailored to the stable climate we have become accustomed to. As our climate changes, we will have to
learn to adapt. The faster the climate changes, the harder it could be.
While climate change is a global issue, it is felt on a local scale. Cities and municipalities are therefore at
the frontline of adaptation. In the ____ (8) of national or international climate policy direction, cities and local
communities around the world have been focusing on solving their own climate problems. They are working to
build flood defenses, plan for heatwaves and higher temperatures, install water-permeable pavements to better
deal with floods and stormwater and improve water storage and use.
According to the 2014 report on Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (page 8) from
the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, governments at various levels are also getting
better ____ (9) adaptation. Climate change is starting to be factored into a ____ (10) of development plans: how
to manage the increasingly extreme disasters we are seeing and their associated risks, how to protect coastlines
and deal with sea-level encroachment, how to best manage land and forests, how to deal with and plan for
reduced water availability, how to develop resilient crop varieties and how to protect energy and public
infrastructure.
1. A. private B. separate C. dedicate D. accumulate
2. A. independence B. interference C. indicate D. interrupt
3. A. view B. vulnerability C. volcano D. visible
4. A. associated B. ashamed C. allow D. aimed
5. A. onto B. into C. with D. over
6. A. responsible B. visible C. focus D. impossible
7. A. ability B. able C. stable D. stability
8. A. absent B. abstract C. absence D. abscess
9. A. at B. to C. over D. behind
10. A. several B. lots C. much D. variety

Fun corner
You have 20 seconds to answer these 2 questions.
1. What question must always be answered "Yes"?
A. Are you a human?
B. Will everyone die someday?
C. Does everyone have a biological mother?
D. What does Y-E-S spell?

2. What has a tail but no body?