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Biochemistry Notes Teacher

Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry of living organisms. It builds upon chemistry by examining the organic compounds that are found in and help make up living things. There are four main types of organic compounds: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides like glucose and polysaccharides made of bonded monosaccharides. Proteins are made of amino acids bonded together. Lipids include fats, oils, waxes, and steroids. Nucleic acids include DNA and RNA, which contain genetic information and help direct protein synthesis. Enzymes are important protein catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions without being used up in the process.

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345 views

Biochemistry Notes Teacher

Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry of living organisms. It builds upon chemistry by examining the organic compounds that are found in and help make up living things. There are four main types of organic compounds: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides like glucose and polysaccharides made of bonded monosaccharides. Proteins are made of amino acids bonded together. Lipids include fats, oils, waxes, and steroids. Nucleic acids include DNA and RNA, which contain genetic information and help direct protein synthesis. Enzymes are important protein catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions without being used up in the process.

Uploaded by

Lela
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Biochemistry Notes

Chemistry – study of what substances are made of and how they change and combine.

 Each different kind of atom is a different element.


Examples of elements: C – Carbon H – Hydrogen
O – Oxygen N – Nitrogen
 Two or more elements combine to make a compound.
Examples of compounds – H2O, CO2, HCl, NaCl
 Compounds are classified into 2 groups:
1. Inorganic Compounds – come from nonliving substances (In = not Organic = living)

Ex: H2O is the universal solvent because of its bent molecular shape and polarity.
Water dissolves other polar compounds by pulling them apart like a magnet separates
metals.
Positive and
negative
ends like the
poles of a
magnet.

*70-80% of your body is water

2. Organic Compounds – come from living substances

Biochemistry – study of the chemistry of living organisms

 All organic compounds will have the element carbon in them


Exception: CO2 is not organic (CO2 is not composed of living substances.)
 Organic compounds are usually complex compounds with many atoms in their structure.
Ex: Glucose – C6H12O6
 Four kinds of organic compounds:
1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Lipids
4. Nucleic acids (to be covered more in depth later) – DNA and RNA

1
Carbohydrates

Read the paragraph on pages 45- 46 of your text to complete the following diagram.

Carbohydrates

Note: ***Polysaccharides are composed of monosaccharides bonded together


Polysaccharides must be first broken down to monosaccharides for cells to use as energy

Structural Formula of Monosaccharide:

2
Proteins

Read the paragraph on pages 47- 48 in your text to complete the following diagram

Proteins

Structural Formula of Amino Acid:

3
Lipids

Read the paragraph on pages 46-47 in your text to complete the following diagram.

Lipids

Structural Formula of Lipid:

Nucleic Acids

Read the paragraph on page 47 in your text to complete the following diagram

4
Nucleic Acids

Enzymes
 Catalyst—substance that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction
Ex: hydrogen peroxide being broken down into water and oxygen

5
H2O2 H2O + O2 add catalase for FASTER REACTION!

 Enzyme – a kind of catalyst found only in living things


 Enzymes are proteins
 Enzymes change only the speed of the reaction
 Enzymes are never used up in a reaction, so they can be used over and over
 Enzymes are specific for the reaction they catalyze
Ex: Saltines and amylase

Starch Sugar

 Enzymes allow digestion to occur faster; otherwise the hamburger you ate last week might
still be in your stomach!

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