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Language and Structural Techniques

This document provides a list of language techniques including parts of speech, figures of speech, and imagery. It also outlines structural techniques for writing including sentence structures, repetition, shifts in focus, and links between different elements of a narrative. Useful phrases are given for discussing how authors employ various structural techniques to build, develop, contrast, and emphasize certain ideas.

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Rawdatul Jannah
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770 views

Language and Structural Techniques

This document provides a list of language techniques including parts of speech, figures of speech, and imagery. It also outlines structural techniques for writing including sentence structures, repetition, shifts in focus, and links between different elements of a narrative. Useful phrases are given for discussing how authors employ various structural techniques to build, develop, contrast, and emphasize certain ideas.

Uploaded by

Rawdatul Jannah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Language and Structural Techniques

Language Structure

Noun​: a person, place, thing, idea Simple sentence​: contains one clause with a subject and verb

Verb​: an action or state Compound sentence​: contains two independent clauses that
are related and joined with a conjunction

Modal Verb​: expresses necessity or possibility Complex sentence​: contains one or more subordinate clause

Imperative: ​gives an order or command Impact sentence or Fragment​: contains three or less words

Adverb​: modifies a verb, adjective, adverb or phrase Repetition​: a word or phrase that is used more than once

Adjective​: describes a noun Triple​: three adjectives or phrases used to describe something

Pronoun​: used in place of a noun Juxtaposition​: two things placed together to highlight the
contrast between them

Superlative​: an adjective showing the highest quality or degree Anaphora​: the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning
of successive clauses

Symbolism​: the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities Listing​: a number of connected items written one after the
other to emphasise a particular quality

Alliteration​: the same letter or sound at the start of adjacent Links between paragraphs​: a recurring idea, character or
words object in two or more paragraphs to foreground the
importance

Metaphor​: direct comparison of two things without using ‘like’ Shifts in focus​: the change of focus in or between paragraphs
or ‘as’

Simile​: comparing two things using ‘like’ or ‘as’ Zooming in and out​: the narrowing or widening of the
narrative focus.

Personification​: the giving of human characteristics to a Chronological structure​: arranged in the order of time
non-human object

Semantic field​: the use of a group of words that all link to the Flashback / Flashforward​: set earlier or later than the main
same topic narrative

Hyperbole​: exaggeration that should not be taken literally Links between the beginning and ending​: a narrative link
between the start and end of a text

Imagery​: vivid description of a particular scene Exposition​: introduction of background information on


characters, events or settings to help anchor the reader

Auditory imagery​: vivid description of sounds Climax​: the most intense point in the development of the
narrative

Tactile imagery​: vivid description of physical sensation Narrative voice​: 1st / 2nd / 3rd person

Olfactory imagery​: vivid description of smell Direct speech​: the speech of a character in “”

Gustatory imagery​: vivid description of taste / flavour Tense: ​past, present, future

Kinesthetic imagery​: vivid description of movement or body Foreshadow: ​an advance hint of what is to come later
position
Useful phrases when discussing structural techniques:

The writer / author…


builds...
develops...
contrasts...
intensifies...
reinforces...
highlights...
foregrounds...
isolates...
layers...
begins...
maintains...
juxtaposes...
sequences...
shifts...
introduces...
emphasises...
constructs...
organises...
guides…
anchors…

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