Quality Control Formulas 1
Quality Control Formulas 1
Quality Control Formulas 1
The ratio of the effective lime content to the maximum possible lime content in
the clinker.
a. If Alumina modulus > 0.64
LSF = CaO
1|Page
®2020 copyright | THE CEMENT INSTITUTE™
The Cement Institute™
5. % Liquid
% Liquid = 1.13 C3A + 1.35 C4AF + MgO+ Alkalies
C3A : % of TriCalcium Aluminate
C4AF : % of Tetra-Calcium Alumino Ferrite
2|Page
®2020 copyright | THE CEMENT INSTITUTE™
The Cement Institute™
7. Degree of calcination
C (%) = ( fi - di) x 100
fi
(or)
8. Sulphur to Alkali
Ratio
SO3 = (SO3/80)
Alkali (K2O/94) + (0.5Na2O/62)
Typical value ˜ 1.1
SO3 (SO3/80)
=
Alkali (K2O/94) + (Na2O/62) - (Cl/71)
Typical value ˜ 0.8
Higher sulphur to alkali ratio leads to pre-heater buildups affecting the kiln operation
9. Free Lime
% free Lime1400 = 0.31 (LSF – 100) + 2.18 (SM – 1.8)
+ 0.73 Q + 0.33 C + 0.34 A
LSF : Lime saturation factor
SM : Silica modulus/ratio
Q : +45 μ residue after acid wash (20% HCl) identified by
microscopy as quartz
C : +125 μ residue which is soluble in acid (ie coarse LS)
A : +45 μ residue after acid wash identified by microscopy as
non-quartz acid insoluble
Note: Q, C & A expressed as % of total raw mix sample
3|Page
®2020 copyright | THE CEMENT INSTITUTE™
The Cement Institute™
Blending ratio is the ratio of estimated standard deviations of feed and product.
Blending ratio = standard deviation of CaO in feed
standard deviation of CaO in product
= (𝑁/2)
N : Number of layers
For calculating standard deviation
Consider the feed values : x, x1,x2,x3…….xn
Mean for the feed values : x + x1 + x2 +x3….xn = xa
n
Standard deviation for the feed :
4|Page
®2020 copyright | THE CEMENT INSTITUTE™
The Cement Institute™
5|Page
®2020 copyright | THE CEMENT INSTITUTE™