CHAPTER 6 LINEAR

EQUATIONS
BAB 6 PERSAMAAN LINEAR
 Example 1

Solve the following linear equations. Solve the following linear equations.
𝑚
a) 𝑥 + 15 = 18 c) +4=6
12
𝑥 = 18 − 15
𝑥=3 𝑚
=6−4
12
b) 4𝑥 − 10 = 2 𝑚
4𝑥 = 2 + 10 =2
12
4𝑥 = 12
12 𝑚 = 2 × 12
𝑥=
4
𝑥=3 𝑚 = 24
 Example 2 Example 3
3−7𝑥
1) 3𝑝 − 2 = 𝑝 − 2 (𝑝 − 1) 2) 2𝑥 =
5
10𝑥 = 3 − 7𝑥
3𝑝 − 2 = 𝑝 − 2𝑝 + 2 10𝑥 + 7𝑥 = 3
3𝑝 − 𝑝 + 2𝑝 = 2 + 2 17𝑥 = 3
4𝑝 = 4 3
4 𝑥=
𝑝= 17
4
𝑝=1
 Example 4 Example 5
5
3) − 4𝑘 = −2 3 − 𝑘
2 4) 2 2 − 3𝑦 = − 𝑦 − 5
4 − 6𝑦 = −𝑦 + 5
5
2
− 4𝑘 = −6 + 2𝑘 (to eliminate 2, multiple 2 with all the terms) −6𝑦 + 𝑦 = 5 − 4
−7𝑦 = 1
5 − 8𝑘 = −12 + 4𝑘 1
−8𝑘 − 4𝑘 = −12 − 5 𝑦=−
−12𝑘 = −17 7

−17
𝑘=
−12

17
𝑘=
12
 Example 6

Solve the following linear equation. Solve the following linear

a)
6𝑥+10
= −5
equation.
4 2
6𝑥 + 10 = −5 × 4 c) 𝑥 + 10 = 𝑥 +4
6𝑥 + 10 = −20 5
6𝑥 = −20 − 10
2
5 𝑥 + 5 10 = 5 𝑥 + (5)4
6𝑥 = −30 5
𝑥=−
30 5𝑥 + 50 = 2𝑥 + 20
𝑥 = −5
6 5𝑥 − 2𝑥 = 20 − 50
3𝑥 = −30
30
b) 8 𝑥 − 4 = 6𝑥 𝑥=−
8𝑥 − 32 = 6𝑥 3
8𝑥 − 6𝑥 = 32 𝑥 = −10
2𝑥 = 32
32
𝑥=
2
𝑥 = 16
How to form linear equation in one variable.
Example 7
a) Harga sekilogram ayam dan ikan masing-masing ialah RMx. Rana
membeli 6 kg ikan dan 2 kg ayam dengan jumlah bayaran RM96. The
price of chicken and fish per kilogram are RMx repectively. Rana bought 6 kg 6𝑥 + 2𝑥 = 96
of fishes and 2 kg of chickens with total payment RM96.

a) Hasil tambah suatu nombor dengan 12 ialah 18. The sum of a number
with 12 is 18. 𝑥 + 12 = 18

a) Perimeter sebuah segi tiga sama kaki dengan tapak 3x m dan setiap
sisinya 8 m ialah 22 m. The perimeter of an isosceles triangle with 3x m of 3𝑥 + 16 = 22
base and 8 m of each side is 22 .
6.1 Linear Equations in One Variable
What is linear equations in one variables?
• Have 1 variables
• Power of variable is 1
Power of x is 1

𝑥+5=8
Equality
One variable

a,b,c = number
𝑎𝑥+𝑏=𝑐 x = variable
6.2 Linear Equations in Two Variables
What is linear equations in two variables?
• Have 2 variables
• Power each of variable is 1
Power each of variable is 1

BASIC FORM 7𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 12

2 variables Equal symbol

𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 a,b,c = number
x,y = variables
 Example 8

Explain whether each of the following equations is linear equation in

two variables or not.
a) 3𝑝 − 𝑞 = 6
b) 7𝑥 2 + 5𝑦 = 9
c) 2 𝑘 + 8 = 5𝑘
𝑦
d) 6
+ 4 = −2x
How to form linear equation in two variables
Example 9

a) Dalam suatu acara lompat jauh, jumlah mata yang diperoleh rumah sukan 𝑠 + 𝑝 = 258
Satria dan rumah sukan Perdana ialah 258. In a long jump event, the total points
earned by Satria sports house and Perdana sports house is 258.
b) Beza antara sudut terbesar dengan sudut terkecil dalam sebuah segi tiga
ialah 15. The difference between the largest angle and the smallest angle in a 𝑙 − 𝑠 = 15
triangle is 15.
c) Jumlah harga tiket bagi suatu taman tema air untuk lapan orang dewasa dan
8𝑑 + 5𝑘 = 𝑅𝑀256
lima orang kanak-kanak ialah RM265. The total ticket price for a water theme
park for eight adults and five children is RM265.
d) Jumlah markah bagi suatu kertas ujian yang terdiri daripada Bahagian A dan
Bahagian B ialah 40. Setiap jawapan yang betul dalam Bahagian A dan 1𝑎 + 2𝑏 = 40
Bahagian B masing-masing diberi 1 markah dan 2 markah. The total marks for
a test paper consisting of Part A and Part B is 40. Each correct answer in Part A and
Part B is given 1 mark and 2 marks respectively.
How do you determine the possible solutions of linear
equations in two variables?
Example 10

Write three possible pairs of solution for 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6

When 𝑥 = 0, When 𝑥 = 1, When 𝑥 = 2,

2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6
2(0) + 𝑦 = 6 2 1 +𝑦 =6 2 2 +𝑦 =6
𝑦=6 2+𝑦=6 4+𝑦=6
𝑦=6−2 𝑦=6−4
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 6 𝑦=4 𝑦=2

𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 4 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 2
Complete the table for each of the following linear equations. Hence,
draw the graph to represent each linear equation.
𝑥+𝑦=8
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
y
Complete the table for each of the following linear equations. Hence,
draw the graph to represent each linear equation.
𝑥+𝑦 =8
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
y 8 7 6 5 4 3

(0,8)
(1,7)
(2,6)
(3,5)
(4,4)
(5,3)
6.3 Simultaneous Linear Equations in Two Variables

Graphical
Method

Substitution
Three Method Method

Elimination
Method
 GRAPHICAL METHOD

Example 11

Solve the following simultaneous linear equations by using graphical method.

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6
STEP 1 STEP 2

𝑥+𝑦 =5
When 𝑥 = 0, When 𝑦 = 0
0+𝑦 =5 𝑥+0=5
First line
𝑦=5 𝑥=5
(0,5) (5,0)

2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6
When 𝑥 = 0, When 𝑦 = 0
2(0) + 𝑦 = 6 2𝑥 + 0 = 6 Second line
𝑦=6 𝑥=3 From the graph, the point intersection is (1,4)
(3,0) Thus, the solution is x=1 and y=4
(0,6)
 SUBSTITUTION METHOD

Example 12

Solve the following simultaneous linear equations by using substitution method.

𝑦 = 1 − 2𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 5𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 12

𝑦 = 1 − 2𝑥 1
5𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 12 2

From 1 ,
Substitute 1 into 2 Substitute 𝑥 = −9 into 1
5𝑥 + 3 1 − 2𝑥 = 12 𝑦 = 1 − 2𝑥
5𝑥 + 3 − 6𝑥 = 12 𝑦 = 1 − 2 −9
−𝑥 + 3 = 12 𝑦 = 19
−𝑥 = 12 − 3
Thus, 𝑥 = −9 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 19
−𝑥 = 9
𝑥 = −9
 ELIMINATION METHOD

Example 13 Example 14

Solve the following simultaneous linear equations by Solve the following simultaneous linear equations by
using elimination method. using elimination method.
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 12 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 5 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 22

2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 12 1 𝑥+𝑦 =5 1
3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 5 2 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 22 2
1 ×3: 6𝑥 + 9𝑦 = 36 3 1 + 2 3𝑥 = 27
2 ×2: 6𝑥 + 8𝑦 = 10 4
𝑥=9

3− 4 𝑦 = 26
Substitute 𝑥 = 9 into 1
𝑥+𝑦 =5
Substitute 𝑦 = 26 into 1 9+𝑦 =5
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 12 𝑦 =5−9
2𝑥 + 3 26 = 12 𝑦 = −4
2𝑥 + 78 = 12
2𝑥 = −66
𝑥 = −33 Thus 𝑥 = −33 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 26 Thus, 𝑥 = 9 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = −4