ENDANGERED SPECIES

TEST 1
Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.
1. a. temperature b. serious c. awareness d. chemical
2. a. ability b. agriculture c. development d. contaminate
3. a. government b. agency c. benefit d. diversity
4. a. disappearance b. vulnerable c. conservation d. generation
5. a. current b. global c. crisis d. mankind

Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the underlined part, or has a close
meaning to the original one.
6. _______ is a branch of Natural Science, and is the study of living organisms and how they interact with their
environment.
a. Biology b. Biological c. Biologist d. Biologically
7. A / an _______ species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct.
a. dangerous b. endanger c. endangered d. endangerment
8. Only a few of the many species at risk of extinction actually make it to the lists and obtain legal _______.
a. protect b. protection c. protective d. protector
9. Probability of extinction depends _______ both the population size and fine details of the population demography.
a. on b. in c. from d. for
10. Many modern medicines are derived _______ plants and animals.
a. on b. for c. from d. in
11. 15,589 species (7,266 animal species and 8,323 plant species) are now considered _______ risk _______
extinction.
a. at / of b. on / in c. for / with d. in / at

12. Internationally, 189 countries have signed _______ accord agreeing to create Biodiversity Action Plans to protect
endangered and other threatened species.
a. a b. an c. the d. Ø
13. Known worldwide by its panda logo, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is dedicated to protecting _______ world's
wildlife and the rich biological diversity that we all need to survive.
a. a b. an c. the d. Ø
14. WWF is _______ leading privately supported international conservation organization in the world, and has
sponsored more than 2,000 projects in 116 countries.
a. a b. an c. the d. Ø

15. Many nations have laws offering protection to these species, such as forbidding hunting, restricting land
development or creating _______.
a. agencies b. reserves c. awareness d. challenges
16. Being listed as an endangered species can have negative effect since it could make a species more desirable for
collectors and poachers.
a. awareness b. preservation c. support d. impact

17. World Wide Fund for Nature was formed to do the mission of the preservation of biological diversity, sustainable
use of natural resources, and the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption.
a. contamination b. energy c. extinction d. development
18. The Bali Tiger was declared extinct in 1937 due to hunting and habitat loss.
a. reserve b. generation c. natural environment d. diversity
19. It is found that endangered species are often concentrated in areas that are poor and densely populated, such as
much of Asia and Africa.
a. disappeared b. increased c. threatened d. reduced
20. _______ is the existence of a wide variety of plant and animal species living in their natural environment. .
a. Biodiversity b. Conservation c. Globe d. Individual

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

Species that belong to an area are said to be native species. Typically, they have been part of a given biological
landscape for a long period, and they are well adapted to the local environment and to the presence of other native
species in the same general habitat. Exotic species are interlopers, foreign elements introduced intentionally or
accidentally into new settings through human activities. In one context an introduced species may cause no obvious
problems and may, over time, be regarded as being just as "natural" as any native species in the same habitat. In
another context, exotics may seriously disrupt delicate ecological balances and create a cascade of unintended
consequences. The worst of these unintended consequences arise when introduced species put native species in
destruction by preying on them, altering their habitats, or out-competing them in the struggle for food resources.
Although biological introductions have affected environments the world over, the most destructive, effects have
occurred on islands, where introduced insects, cats, pigs, rats, mongooses, and other nonnative species have caused
the grave endangerment or outright extinction of literally hundreds of species during the past 500 years.
One of other reason to cause species extinction is overexploitation. This word refers to the utilization of a species
at a rate that is likely to cause its extreme endangerment or outright extinction. Among many examples of severe
overexploitation, the case of the great whales stands out in special relief. By the middle of the 20th century,
unrestricted whaling had brought many species of whales to incredibly low population sizes. In response to public
pressure, in 1982 a number of nations, including the USA, agreed to an international moratorium on whaling. As a
direct result, some whale species which are thought to have been on extinction's doorstep 25 years ago have made
amazing comebacks, such as grey whales in the western Pacific. Others remain at great risk. Many other species,
however, continue to suffer high rates of exploitation because of the trade in animal parts. Currently, the demand for
animal parts is centered in several parts of Asia where there. is a strong market for traditional medicines made from
items like tiger bone and rhino horn.
21. Native species _______.
a. are not used to the local environment
b. never get along well with other native species in the same environment
c. tend to do harm to exotic species
d. have been part of a given biological landscape for a long period
22. Exotic species _______.
a. do no harm to native species and the local environment
b. may kill native species for food
c. always share the environment peacefully with native species
d. help to make the local environment more ideal to survive
23. According to the first paragraph, _______.
a. non-native species have caused badly damage to native ones
b. introducing new exotic species to local environments is necessary
c. exotic species have never been introduced on islands
d. very few native species have been damaged by exotic species
24. According to the second paragraph, by the middle of the 20 century ___.
a. whale population was the most crowded in marine life b. whale hunting was illegal
c. whale population increased dramatically d. whaling was not restricted
25. Tiger bone and rhino horn _______.
a. are not popular in Asian markets b. are never in the trade of animal parts
c. are used for making traditional medicines d. cannot be found in Asian markets

Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.

The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an international (26) _____- governmental organization for the (27)
_____, research, and restoration of the environment. The organization was (28) _____ as a charitable trust on
September 11, 1961, in Morges, Switzerland, under the name World Wildlife Fund. It was an initiative of Julian
Huxley and Max Nicholson.
It is the world's largest independent conservation organization with over 5 million (29) _____ worldwide,
working in more 30) _____ 90 countries, supporting 100 conservation and environmental projects around the world. It
is a charity, with (32) ____ 9% of its funding coming from voluntary. (33) ___ by private individuals and businesses.
The group says its mission is "to halt and reverse the (34) _____ of our environment". Currently, much of its
work focuses on the conservation of three biomes that contain most of the world's biodiversity: forests, freshwater
ecosystems, and oceans and coasts. Among other issues, it is also concerned (35) _____ endangered species,
pollution, and climate change. The organization (36) ____ more than 20 field projects worldwide. In the last few
years, the organization set up offices and operations around the world.
26. a. non b. not c. no d. nor
27. a. challenge b. keeping c. conservation d. awareness
28. a. produced b. discovered c. used d. formed
29. a. supporters b. residents c. inhabitants d. citizens
30. a. as b. than c. to d. as to
31. a. generally b. individually c. commercially d. approximately
32. a. deposits b. donations c. refunds d. loans
33. a. destroy b. destructive c. destruction d. destroyed
34. a. on b. by c. with d. upon
35. a. goes b. walks c. reaches d. runs
 TEST 2

Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
1. a. endangered b. destroyed c. damaged d. provided
2. a. attitude b. survive c. introduce d. human
3. a. medicine b. priority c. crisis d. primary
4. a. chemical b. which c. change d. each
5. a. protect b. commercial c. construction d. climate

Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the underlined part, or has a close
meaning to the original one.
6. Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with ____.
a. extinct b. extinction c. extinctive d. extinctly
7. Current extinction rates are at least 100 to 1,000 times higher than _______ rates found in the fossil record.
a. nature b. natural c. naturally d. naturalness
8. It is reported that humans are the main reason for most species' declines and habitat _______ and degradation are
the leading threats.
a. destroy b. destructive c. destructor d. destruction
9. We have to apply effective measures to save many plant and animal species _______ extinction.
a. from b. in c. for d. on
10. Over-exploitation for food, pets, and medicine, pollution, and disease are recognized _______ a serious threat
_______ extinction.
a. as / of b. to / for c. over / with d. upon / at

11. Clearing forests for timber has resulted _______ the loss of biodiversity.
a. with b. at c. in d. for

12. Humans depend on species diversity to provide food, clean air and water, and fertile soil for agriculture.
a. destruction b. contamination c. fertilizer d. variety
13. The world's biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, which makes wildlife _______.
a. prosperous b. prefect c. vulnerable d. remained
14. Life on Earth is disappearing fast and will continue to do so unless urgent action is taken.
a. vanishing b. damaging c. polluting d. destroying
15. _______ is the protection of environment and natural resources.
a. Survival b. Commerce c. Conservation d. Extinction
16. Hunting for meat and burning forests for soil cause destruction to wildlife.
a. organization b. contamination c. protection d. damage
17. Toxic chemicals from factories are one of the serious factors that leads wildlife to the _______ of extinction.
a. wall b. fence c. verge d. bridge

18. Species become extinct or endangered for _______ number of reasons, but _____ primary cause is the destruction
of habitat by human activities.
a. Ø / a b. a / the c. the / a d. Ø / Ø

19. Since _______ 1600s, worldwide overexploitation of animals for _______ food and other products has caused
numerous species to become extinct or endangered.
a. the / a b. the / Ø c. Ø / the d. the / the

Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.

When the word "endangered" is mentioned, people usually think of particular species, like the panda or whooping
crane. However, we would like to encourage you to think about (41) ____ in a broader context. It is (42) ___, the
physical places where species live and interact with one another. Although the development of special breeding
programs, also known as captive conservation, may help some species in some cases, it is clearly not (43) ___ answer
to the global problem. Indeed, (44) __ we are able to protect natural areas where endangered species actually live,
they have no future. .
Species become endangered for a wide (45) _____ of reasons. By analyzing and grouping many individual cases,
however, we find the same broad causes (46) _____ again and again. They are Habitat Destruction, Exotic Species,
and Overexploitation. Among other factors threatening particular species are limited: distribution, disease, and
pollution. Limited distributions are often a consequence of other threats: populations confined to one or a few small
areas because of habitat (47) _____, for example, may be disastrously affected by random factors. Diseases can have
severe (48) _____ on species lacking natural genetic protections against particular pathogens, like the rabies and
canine distemper viruses that are currently devastating carnivore populations in East Africa. Domestic animals are
usually the reservoirs of these and other diseases affecting wild (49) _____, showing once again that human activities
lie at the root of most causes of endangerment. Pollution has seriously done harm (50) _____ number of terrestrial
species, although species living in freshwater and marine ecosystems are also suffering.

20. a. development b. endangerment c. pollution d. contamination

21. a. plants b. conservations c. habitats d. organizations
22. a. a b. an c. the d. Ø
23. a. so b. but c. if d. unless
24. a. variety b. commerce c. extinction d. destruction
25. a. expressing b. showing c. disappearing d. appearing
26. a. benefit b. reserve c. loss d. gone
27. a. impact b. interest c. infection d. absorption
28. a. needs b. populations c. natures d. medicines
29. a. to b. for c. with d. at
 TEST 3
Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.
1. a. extinction b. animal c. classify d. primary
2. a. biologist b. seriously c. commercial d. identify
3. a. habitat b. different c. industry d. introduce
4. a. medicine b. endanger c. addition d. survival
5. a. derive b. provide c. modern d. depend

Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the underlined part, or has a close
meaning to the original one.
6. They eventually realize that reckless _______ of the earth's resources can lead only to eventual global disaster.
a. exploit b. exploitable c. exploitation d. exploitative

7. Farmers make their soil more productive by distributing _______.

a. fertile b. fertility c. fertilizers d. fertilizable
8. Chemical wastes from factories are _______ that cause serious damage to species habitats.
a. pollutes b. pollutants c. pollutions d. polluters
9. Contamination and global warming have driven many species of animals and plants _______ the threat of
extinction.
a. for b. to c. with d. on

10. Although we are aware _______ the importance of environment, we still overexploit it.
a. from b. on c. for d. of

11. They have built a particular reserve' which is suitable _______ pandas.
a. at b. upon c. in d. for

12. We should do something immediately to conserve _______ nature

a. a b. an c. the d. Ø
13. Everyone knows what is happening to _______ earth but we just do not know how to stop it.
a. a b. an c. the d. Ø

14. Many species have become extinct each year before biologists can identify them.
a. destroy b. drain c. endanger d. discover

15. If an area is _______, all the trees there are cut down or destroyed.
a. endangered b. deforested c. contaminated d. polluted
16. Humans depend on species diversity to provide food, clean air and water, and fertile soil for agriculture.
a. raise b. produce c. supply d. reserve
17. Many schools provide environmental education to increase students' awareness of conservation needs.
a. effort b. benefit c. exploitation d. knowledge
18. All the countries of the area have _______ to protect their wildlife but they are rarely enforced.
a. efforts b. laws c. results d. reserves
19. Forest dwellers had always hunted the local _______ but their needs had been small.
a. wildlife b. commerce c. reserve d. generation

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

By the year 2025, the Earth could lose as many as one fifth of all species known to exist today. In recent
centuries, hundreds of species have disappeared, almost always as a result of human activities. The passenger pigeon,
one familiar example, was a source of food until excessive hunting and habitat loss caused its extinction in 1914. The
North American bison, whose populations were decimated by settlers and market hunters in the 1800s, came close to
sharing the same fate. Bison survive today only because of the efforts of early conservationists.
Today, species require such efforts more urgently than ever. An essential task that falls to present-day
conservationists is to determine which species are most, endangered, so that conservation resources' can be applied
where action is needed most. Species are categorized by the degree to which their survival in the wild is threatened.
World Wildlife Fund offers a sampling of animals and plants that fall mainly within the two most serious categories
of- threat: critically endangered and endangered. What threatens these species' existence? Some of the top threats are
habitat destruction by unsustainable logging and ever-encroaching human settlement; pollution of water, soil, and air
by toxic chemicals; unnatural climate changes due to fossil fuel use; unmanaged fishing that exhausts fish stocks; and
illegal hunting to supply the demand for skins, hides, traditional medicines, food, and tourist souvenirs. The list which
conservationists presents only a fraction of the species at risk of extinction today and does not include thousands of
species whose status we do not yet know. Hundreds of species without common names have been left out, which
means that while many mammals are on this list, only a few insects and mollusks are included.
Species listed here range from the largest animal on Earth, the blue whale, to the majestic tiger, to the humble
thick-shell pond snail. Large or small, beautiful or ugly, all species play a role in the complex circle of life. All of us
depend on the natural resources of our planet. Each time a species is lost, the complexity, natural balance, and beauty
of our world is diminished. And what threatens plants and animals ultimately threatens people as well.
20. According to the first paragraph _______.
a. species extinction is only caused by hunting
b. human beings protect wife life much more than they do harm to them
c. the main cause of species extinction is human activities
d. we can stop radically species extinction by 2025
21. The North American bison _______.
a. was completely extinct in 1800s
b. was not the aim of human hunting
c. was raised by settlers in 1800s
d. has escaped from extinction thanks to conservationists
22. Species are categorized _______.
a. to prevent hunting b. to provide food
c. to destroy their habitats d. to give preferential right to conserve
23. Which sentence is true?
a. Medicine is not a factor to cause species extinction.
b. The list which conservationists present does not include all kinds of species.
c. Pollution does nothing to species extinction.
d. Conservationists have good knowledge of all kinds of mollusks.
24. According to the last paragraph, _______.
a. species extinction has no relationship to human beings
b. what threaten plants and animals can do nothing to human beings
c. human beings depend on natural resources to survive
d. not every, species has a role in the circle of life.
Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
Nearly 200 of the 1500 native plant species in Hawaii are at risk of going extinct in the near future because they
have been (41) _____ to such low numbers. Approximately 90 percent of Hawaii's plants are found nowhere else in
the world but they are (42) _____ by alien invasive species such as feral goats, pigs, rodents and non- (43) _____
plants.
The Hawaii Rare Plant Restoration Group is striving to (44) _____ the extinction of the 182 rare Hawaiian plants
with fewer than 50 individuals remaining in the (45) _____. Since 1990, (46) _____ a result of their 'Plant Extinction
Prevention Program', sixteen species have been brought into (47) _____ and three species have been reintroduced.
Invasive weeds have been removed in key areas and fencing put up in order to (48) _ plants in the wild.
In the future the Hawaii Rare Plant Restoration Program aims (49) _____ collecting genetic material from the
remaining plants in the wild for storage as a safety net for the future. They also aim to manage wild populations and
where possible reintroduce species into (50) _____
25. a. disappeared b. reduced c. increased d. developed
26. a. guarded b. invested c. conserved d. threatened
27. a. nation b. native c. national d. nationally
28. a. prevent b. encourage c. stimulate d. influence
29. a. wild b. atmosphere c. hole d. sky
30. a. so b. due c. as d. but
31. a. contamination b. production c. cultivation d. generation
32. a. derive b. vary c. remain d. protect
33. a. at b. for c. with d. on
34. a. shelters b. reserves c. gardens d. halls