I. Put the missing phrases in the correct gaps in the following text.

There are many reasons to start a butterfly garden in your backyard or on your window sill.
→ (1) In this way, many species of butterflies that are threatened with extinction are successfully
preserved. Additionally, attracting marvelous butterflies and nurturing them around your house brings
unusual enjoyment to a nature lover.
Attracting butterflies into your garden is not difficult. → (2) If you plant the right flowers they will
come and make your garden their home. Butterflies can identify their favourite plants from miles away and
travel for hours to taste the nectar of the flowers. They will lay eggs and remain nearby as long as you
maintain your garden, → 3). It may be surprising to learn that the butterflies will probably arrive within
only a few hours of the season's first blooming flowers.
It is not a great effort to make your backyard and your garden home to dozens of butterflies, which
will give you immeasurable pleasure and help the environment at the same time. Butterflies may live nearby
in a park or on a neighbouring tree and may use your flower box as their primary source of food, →
(4). With the careful selection of flowers you may even be surprised to find a few caterpillars as well.
Each butterfly species has its own favourite flower, → (5). Flowering nectar bushes and the like are
favourite haunts for these colourful creatures. The butterflies suck out the nectar travelling from flower to
flower, carrying pollen with them. This close relationship is one of nature's finest natural cycles. →
(6). For instance, yellow Sulphur butterflies prefer yellow cassia, which provides them with excellent
camouflage among flowers. This relationship is mutually advantageous as well as equally satisfying to a
flower gardener and butterfly observer. The growth cycle of the butterfly, from egg, to caterpillar, to
chrysalis, → (7), takes only a few short weeks. The needs of the caterpillars should also be taken into
consideration. Adult butterflies that arrive in your garden will make it their lifelong home if they have a ready
place to lay eggs. → (8), so specific types of leaves and shrubs will have to be included. Many species
depend on a single plant type for their caterpillar food source. As a result, → (9) on the plant that will
be best for their new-born caterpillars. Including the right caterpillar plant in your garden is the perfect
invitation → (10).

a) so it is even possible to plan your garden to attract your favourite varieties

b) keeping it healthy and blooming
c) and finally to the emergence of a fully-fledged butterfly
d) for long term butterfly residency in your garden
e) whenever you plant flowers, you help bring them back into urban areas
f) caterpillars are fussy eaters
g) dropping by for a snack several times a day
h) an adult butterfly will spend hours carefully selecting the proper leaves
i) butterflies are also known to be attracted to specific colours
j) butterflies are equipped with a finely tuned and highly sensitive sense of smell
 II. Choose the correct answer.

1. Let's invite all our schoolmates to the party, ………………….. we?

a) do b) shall c) don't d) will
2. It was nice of Tom ………………….. us about the changes in the schedule.
a) has informed b) informing c) to have informed d) having informed
3. Mr Grant says he doesn't mind ………………….. his snow shovel.
a) our borrowing b) us borrow c) to our borrowing d) to borrow us
4. If only I had known about your problems, I ………………….. there to help you.
a) could be b) was to be c) might be d) would have been
5. ………………….. of us volunteered to rake the fallen leaves.
a) Nobody b) None c) No d) Not anybody
6. Somebody scratched his car with a stone, ………………….. made him furious.
a) which b) that c) so d) what
7. This book was ………………….. interesting that I couldn't stop reading it.
a) such an b) so c) such d) so an
8. Don't go out until you ………………….. cleaning all the rooms in the house.
a) have finished b) will finish c) have been finishing d) finished
9. Somebody has suggested that the canteen ………………….. .
a) were subsidized b) be subsidized c) subsidizes d) to be subsidized
10. We'd rather you ………………….. anybody what you have heard from us.
a) didn't tell b) not to tell c) not telling d) haven't told
11. This skyscraper is known ………………….. since the eighties.
a) to be building b) having been built c) to have been built d) to build
12. Your photos won't be good unless ………………….. more light in the room.
a) to be b) there is c) it will be d) isn't
13. James Watts, ………………….. , isn't so strong in fact.
a) who you are afraid of b) of that you afraid
c) whom you are afraid d) that you afraid of are
14. What's the point of ………………….. by an engineer? I can do the repairs myself.
a) removing the faults b) having removed the faults
c) being removed the faults d) having the faults removed
15. Under no circumstances ………………….. open the door to strangers .
a) must you not b) you may not c) shouldn't you d) are you allowed t
 III. Paraphrase the following sentences.

1. The children don't want to play the board game any more. (bored)
→
2. There is not much difference between these two projects. (differ)
→
3. Greg is the most hard working employee in our group.
No other
4. We wouldn't have succeeded in the campaign without our sponsors' support.
If it
5. It was not until we opened the vault that we realized it was empty.
Only when
6. I expected the quality of the receiver to be much better. (come up)
→
7. We do want you to investigate the case. (insist)
→
8. If I were in Adam's place, I would apologize to Mrs Perry at once.
Adam had
9. The visitors' team have scored few points so far. (hardly)
→
10. Mr Robbins was the first man who spoke for the rights of the racial minorities. (to)
Mr Robbins was

IV. Fill each gap with one suitable word.

1. What → we to do in → of a thunderstorm? Would → be reasonable to

hide under a tree?
2. You → better not interfere → Rita' matters. She is rather sensitive → having her
privacy violated.
3. → being a member of the local authority, Mr Halley hardly → takes part →
public festivities.
4. It's → suggested that the old accountant → be replaced →
somebody younger.
5. The movie star said she hated → asked too many private questions → inquisitive
reporters.
6. Although Mark is → charge of the unit, he is not responsible → supervising their
every action.
7. '→ duty is it to report → the boss?' 'Not mine, → sure.'
8. No → had the plumber left than the pipe started leaking again. He → not have
done a good → repairing it.
9. Most of us object → switching to a night shift → the management promise to pay
us extra money.
10. They say the unit can be assembled → one hour but it → me two hours just to get
acquainted → the instructions.
11. The boy says he will learn hard → condition that he is paid pocket money →
every good mark he gets → school.
12. Believe me, I → want to buy that silk scarf → you, but when I got back to the shop
there were no scarves → .
13. I wonder → Jenny, → is only ten, is able to → care of her
younger brother when we go to the party.
14. → before have I seen → good a performance.
15. If you don't remember Brian's phone number you can look it → in the → . It's on
the desk in my room.

V. Complete the phrasal verbs with the verbs in the correct form.

come / dawn / get / hold / keep / live / put / rely / take / turn

1. The company managers are considering → on a hundred new workers next month
2. I got on the bus and it suddenly → on me that I didn't have a ticket.
3. Thanks to the marvellous new diet, I managed not to → on weight too much.
4. Ever since they met in the students' hostel, Pete and Barry have → on with each other.
5. 'Hello, John Wolf speaking. Could I talk to Mr White, please?' '→ on a second. I'll check if
he is in.'
6. I don't know what happened to the dog. It was always so gentle but on this one occasion it → on
the postman and bit him on the leg.
7. The riddle is really hard to solve but I'll → on trying until I've succeeded.
8. I can always → on David when I need support. He's never let me down.
9. Do vegetarians → on fruit and vegetables only?
10. The lights went off at about three a.m. and only → on five hours later.

VI. Choose the correct answer.

1. Mr Turner is known to have a ………………… for cigars.

a) favour b) approval c) fondness d) affection
2. ………..….. to torrential rains, the next round of the golf tournament has been postponed.
a) Due b) Because c) Resulting d) Subject
3. This handwriting is ………………… . I can't read what it says.
a) eligible b) illiterate c) illegible d) liable
4. Had it ever ………………… to you that you might have been under observation?
a) realized b) occurred c) imagined d) assumed
5. The policemen wear bullet-proof jackets for ………………… of being shot.
a) safety b) danger c) case d) fear
6. In the reporters' opinion, the Russian fighter doesn't ………………… a chance of beating the American
champion.
a) stand b) run c) sit d) lie
7. The accused man says he is eager to ………………… his case in court.
a) refer b) talk c) state d) speak
8. Thanks for your dropping the ………………… . Without it, I would have failed the test.
a) hint b) suggestion c) tip d) advice
9. Unfortunately, there's no ………………… to the museum on Mondays.
a) acceptance b) allowance c) availability d) admission
10. You will catch a cold if you keep walking with your jacket ………………… .
a) unlocked b) unfit c) undone d) undertaken
11. It's pointless to ask Fiona for help. She's rather ………………… to our problems.
a) indifferent b) unconcerned c) disaffected d) irrelevant
12. We've devised a provisional plan of action and so it is ………………… to changes.
a) potential b) subject c) possible d) liable
13. The ultimate ………………… of his operation was easy to predict. He never makes good decisions.
a) outline b) outbreak c) outcome d) output
14. I've missed a few weeks from school. I'm afraid I won't be able to ………………… up on everything.
a) run b) catch c) seize d) hold
15. Will you ………………… a hand with the renovation work on Saturday?
a) lend b) provide c) contribute d) borrow

VII. Choose the right word 'home' or 'house' to complete the compounds.

1. These vegetables are so delicious because they are → grown.

2. It's not me who owns the cottage. Mr Ricks is the → holder.
3. There are dozens of → plants around Mandy's flat.
4. Do you like this cake? It's → made.
5. Mrs Earnest doesn't work. She is a full-time → wife
6. Simon is living far away from us now. I wonder if he is ever → sick.
7. Our cat is → trained. It won't behave badly.
8. A → warming party was launched by one of my friends last night.
9. Every month we set aside a certain sum of money for → keeping.
10. London is not my → town. I come from Newcastle.
11. Susan is so → proud. She takes great care of her downtown flat.
12. The Stanfords paid me to → sit in their villa while they went on holiday to Spain.
13. Rick is Dutch. Holland is his → land.
14. More attention should be paid to the problems of → less people.
15. After getting married, they both turned into → bodies. They rarely go out and spend most of
their free time doing some → work.