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Experiment No. 3 (Lab Manual)

The experiment aimed to determine the modulus of elasticity of a rubber band. Two rubber bands were secured at their ends and hung from metal hooks. An empty bottle was hung from the other end to stretch the bands. Water was added to the bottle in increments and the elongation of the bands was measured. The data was analyzed to calculate the force applied by the water and final length of the bands. A graph of force x length^2 vs elongation x volume showed a linear relationship. The slope of the line of best fit gave the modulus of elasticity as 1.536 MPa, which was 41.04% higher than the typical value of 1.013 MPa for rubber.

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Kristel Anne Roquero Balisi
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798 views

Experiment No. 3 (Lab Manual)

The experiment aimed to determine the modulus of elasticity of a rubber band. Two rubber bands were secured at their ends and hung from metal hooks. An empty bottle was hung from the other end to stretch the bands. Water was added to the bottle in increments and the elongation of the bands was measured. The data was analyzed to calculate the force applied by the water and final length of the bands. A graph of force x length^2 vs elongation x volume showed a linear relationship. The slope of the line of best fit gave the modulus of elasticity as 1.536 MPa, which was 41.04% higher than the typical value of 1.013 MPa for rubber.

Uploaded by

Kristel Anne Roquero Balisi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment no.

3
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

Name: BARRENO, JAMES GABRIEL L. Year/Course: _BET-ET-2A__Rating:


BALISI, LIMUEL R.
BAYAN, REINIELLE MARVIN
HENCIS, RENZ JASPER S.
HERNANDEZ, JOHN MARC B.
JOCSON, LIL SHAWN MERTIN C.
JUNSAY, JEEYAN CARLO S.

Group no.___5___ Date Performed:__October 23, 2021__Date Submitted:

I. OBJECTIVES:

To determine the modulus of elasticity of rubber band

II. MATERIALS:

Empty coke mismo bottle (295 ml), ruler, permanent marker, piece of wire, funnel,
nail-like support or metal hook, clip binder or bulldog clip, ordinary rubber band,
meterstick or T-square, scotch tape.

III. PROCEDURE:
1. Place the 295-ml empty coke mismo bottle on the top of horizontal table.
2. Using a ruler and permanent marker, calibrate the bottle with the following marks
as shown in the figure below.

3. Each mark corresponds to a 50-gram increment of water. Label each mark as shown in
the figure below. Wrap around on the bottle neck a piece of wire. This will serve as
hanger.
4. Secure two identical rubber bands at the ends using two clip binders.
5. Hang one of clip binders to a nail-like support or metal hook fastened on the wooden
surface.
6. Hang the empty bottle on the other clip binder. Let the rubber band stretch a little.
7. Using scotch tape, secure the T-square on the wooden surface such that its “0” mark is
initially aligned with the edge of the clip binder.
8. Using a ruler, measure the initial length 𝐿𝑖 of the rubber band. Record it in table 3.1.
9. Using a ruler, estimate the thickness and width of one of the rubber bands. Record the
values in table 3.1.
10. Then measure the initial length of the rubber, remove the bottle.
11. Using a funnel, pour water into the bottle until it reaches the 50-gram mark.
12. Hang the bottle with water on the clip binder. While holding the bottle, slowly release
it. Let the rubber bands stretch until your hand no longer in contact with the bottle.
13. From zero mark of the meterstick, read the elongation ∆𝐿 of the rubber band.
Record the value in table 3.1.
14. Repeat step no. 11 to step 13 for 100 grams up to 250 grams.

Table 3.1

Initial length 𝐿𝑖 of rubber band (in mm):______80 mm_____

Thickness 𝑡 of rubber band (in mm): ___________2 mm________

Width 𝑤 of the rubber (in mm): _________10 mm__________

Trial Mass of water in bottle, 𝑚 Elongation of rubber band, ∆𝐿


(grams) (mm)
1 50 85 mm
2 100 95 mm
3 150 112 mm
4 200 121 mm
5 250 130 mm

IV. DATA ANALYSIS:

1. From table 3.1, compute for the total volume 𝑣 of two rubber bands, using the formula:

𝑉 = 2 (𝑡 𝑤𝐿𝑖 )

Record your answer in table 3.2.

2. For each mass 𝑚 of water in the bottle from table 3.1, compute its weight 𝑤 expressed
in Newtons. Record the values in table 3.2.

𝑤 = 𝑚𝑔

(𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑘𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 = 9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2 )


3. In each trial determine the final length 𝐿𝑓 of the rubber band by adding its initial length
𝐿𝑖 and its elongation ∆𝐿. Record the values in table 3.2.

𝐿𝑓 = 𝐿𝑖 + ∆𝐿

4. Determine the product of the elongation ∆𝐿 and volume 𝑣 and the product of the weight
of water 𝑤 and the square of the final length of the rubber 𝐿𝑓 Record your answers in
table 3.2.

∆𝐿 𝑥 𝑣

𝑤 𝑥 𝐿𝑓2

Table 3.2

Total volume 𝑉 of two rubber bands (in mm3): ________3,200 mm2_________

Weight of water in the Final length of the 2


∆𝐿 𝑥 𝑣 𝑤 𝑥 𝐿𝑓
bottle, 𝑤 rubber band, 𝐿𝑓
Trial
(mm4) (Nmm2)
(Newtons) (mm)
1 0.49 N 165 mm 272,000 mm4 13,340.25 Nmm2
2 0.48 N 175 mm 304,000 mm4 30,012.5 Nmm2
3 1.47 N 192 mm 358,400 mm4 54,140.08 Nmm2
4 1.96 N 201 mm 387,200 mm4 79,185.96 Nmm2
5 2.45 N 210 mm 416,000 mm4 108,045 Nmm2

𝟐
5. Plot the graph with (𝒘 𝒙 𝑳 𝒇 ) as ordinate and (∆𝑳 𝒙 𝒗) abscissa.
Graph 3.1.

𝟐
(𝒘 𝒙 𝑳𝒇 ) versus (∆𝑳 𝒙 𝒗)

6. Create a line of best fit and find the slope of this line. The slope represent the modulus
of elasticity 𝐸 of the rubber band. Record your answer in table 3.2.

𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑖𝑡 = → 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝐸 (𝑖𝑛 𝑀𝑒𝑔𝑎 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑠)
𝑟𝑢𝑛

7. Compare the value of modulus of elasticity based on your experiment with the
typical value by computing the percent difference. Record values in table 3.3.

= |1.536 – 1.013|
X 100

1.536=1.013 0.523
( )= x 100
2 1.2745

= 41.04%
|𝐸 − 𝐸𝑇 |
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝐸 + 𝐸𝑇 𝑥100%
( )
2

Table 3.3
Typical value of modulus of elasticity of rubber,
𝐸𝑇
1.013 MPa

Experimental value modulus of elasticity of 1.536 MPa


rubber, 𝐸
41.04 %
Percent difference

COMPUTATION

3.) Lf = Li + △L
Table 3.2
1.) V = 2(twLi)
80 mm + 85 mm = 165 mm
= 2(2 mm) (10 mm) (80 mm)
80 mm + 95 mm = 175 mm
V = 3,200 mm3 80 mm + 112 mm = 192 mm
80 mm + 121 mm = 201 mm
80 mm + 130 mm = 210 mm
2.) W= mg

(0.05 Kg) (9.8m/s2) = 0.49 N 4.) △L x V


(0.1 Kg) (9.8m/s2) = 0.48 N
(0.15) (9.8m/s2) = 1.47 N (85mm) (3,200 mm3) = 272,000 mm4
(0.2) (9.8m/s2) = 1.96 N (95mm) (3,200 mm3) = 304,000 mm4
(0.25 Kg) (9.8m/s2) = 2.45 N (112mm) (3,200 mm3) = 358,400 mm4
(121mm) (3,200 mm3) = 387,200 mm4
(130mm) (3,200 mm3) = 416,000 mm4

W x Lf2

(0.49 N) (165mm)2 = 13, 340.25 Nmm2


(0.98 N) (175mm)2 = 30,012.5 Nmm2
(1.47 N) (192 mm)2 =54, 140.08 Nmm2
(1.96 N) (201 mm)2 = 79, 185.96 Nmm2
(2.45 N) (210 mm)2 = 108,045 Nmm2

ANALYSIS
Weight of water in the Final length of the 2
∆𝐿 𝑥 𝑣 𝑤 𝑥 𝐿𝑓
bottle, 𝑤 rubber band, 𝐿𝑓
Trial
(mm4) (Nmm2)
(Newtons) (mm)
1 0.49 N 165 mm 272,000 mm4 13,340.25 Nmm2
2 0.48 N 175 mm 304,000 mm4 30,012.5 Nmm2
3 1.47 N 192 mm 358,400 mm4 54,140.08 Nmm2
4 1.96 N 201 mm 387,200 mm4 79,185.96 Nmm2
5 2.45 N 210 mm 416,000 mm4 108,045 Nmm2

In table 3.2, Trial 1, the weight of the water in the bottle is 0.49N and 165mm the result was
13,1340 Nmm. More weight of water in the bottle and final length were added as the trial continues. it
shows that as the weight of the water in the bottle and final length of the rubber band increases, the
elasticity increases. The highest elasticity done by the group is 108,045 Nmm with 2.45 N and 210 mm.

𝟐
In table 3.1, The graph shows a slope upward to the right which indicates that (𝒘 𝒙 𝑳𝒇 ) is directly
proportional with (∆𝑳 𝒙 𝒗).

CONCLUSION
V. OBSERVATION/APPLICATIONS:

1. If we use smaller increment of mass, let say by 10 grams, rather than by 50 grams,
would it give the same result? Explain your answer.

2. Which is more elastic, a rubber band or a piece of steel wire? Justify your answer.

3. The bone breaks if stress greater than 1.50 x 108 N/m2 is imposed on it. (a) What is the
maximum force that can be exerted on the male humerus in the upper arms if it has a
minimum effective diameter of 5.87 cm? (b) If this much force is applied, by how much
does the 27.0-cm-long humerus stretched? Assume Young’s modulus for bone is 1.50 x
1010 Pa.

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