‫بعض أسئلة أختبارات‬

‫املقابالت الشخصية‬
‫ملهندسي ميكانيكا‬
‫وإجابتها‬

‫الجزء األول‬
‫‪HVAC‬‬
‫جمع وترتيب‬
‫مهندس ‪ /‬دمحم الرماح‬
 Firstly HVAC part

Q.1) - What is the Unit of Heat ?

Q.2) - What is TON ?
Q.3) - Volume Of Air is measured in ?
Q.4) - What is ASHRAE ?
Q.5) - What is the Room Temperature that you maintain in
any room ?
Q.6) - How calculate CFM ?
Q.7) - 1 Ton equal what ?
Q.8) -What the unit of Heat Transfer Coefficient (U) &
Thermal Conductivity (K) ?
Q.9) -What is CFM ?
Q.10) -What is Aspect Ratio ?
Q.11) -What is Collar Length ?
Q.12) -What are the important things to be considered before
selecting devices like AHUs and Chillers ?
Q.13) -What is Pumps supply fittings ?
Q.14) -What is Pumps return fittings ?
Q.15) - CFM distribution writ the given floor plan ?
Q.16) - Calculating loads writ any plan by using software ?
Q.17) -Type of Dampers?

‫ دمحم فكية الرماح‬/‫م‬ 2

Q.18) -Types of motorized damper?
Q.19) -Types of grills and diffusers?
Q.20) -What is VFD?
Q.21) - How do you control or balance the chilled water?
Q.22) - How do you control the noise or vibration in the duct?
Q.23) -Temperature of water at outlet of chiller and inlet
of AHU?
Q.24) -What are primary pumps and secondary pumps
Q.25) -AHU & FCU Valve connection details?
Q.26) - What is CFM value?
Q.27) -What are the refrigerants used in split unit?
Q.28) -What are duct heaters and why do we use them if we
already have heating option in AHU?
Q.29) -What is VAV and its working?
Q.30) -What is 3 way valve and 2 way valve? Where we will
use them and why?
Q.31) -What is duct gauge normally we use in buildings for
cooling and for exhaust ducts?
Q.32) -Types of Duct joints?
Q.33) - Standard books for HVAC?
Q.34) -What is smoke and light test?

‫ دمحم فكية الرماح‬/‫م‬ 3

Q.35) -What are the different method used for duct sizing?
Q.36) -How do you measure & control the noise level in A/C
system?
Q.37) -What are the recommended pressure drop in Chilled
water pipes?
Q.38) -Where do you use Fire Damper, Splitter Damper & Non
Return Damper?
Q.39) -What are the different types of exhaust fans used to
extract the air?
Q.40) -What are different duct shapes normally used?
Q.41) -How do you control vibration of AHU & Chillers?
Q.42) -What is the difference between VAV & CAV?
Q.43) -Mention typical valve arrangement for chiller
connection?
Q.44) -What do you consider while making plant room layout
explain briefly?
Q.45) -What are the different type of Louvers used?
Q.46) -Classify the different types of chillers?
Q.47) -What are the standard test pressure for chilled water
piping for Industrial application?
Q.48) -What are the Securities checking in chillers?
Q.49) -What are the temperature & RH required for human
comfort?

‫ دمحم فكية الرماح‬/‫م‬ 4

Q.50) - At what temperature degree Fahrenheit & degree
Celsius are same ?
Q.51) - Which gas is used to purge the refrigerant line during
the brazing ?
Q.52) -1 TR= 365 to 400 CFM, 3.516KW.
Q.53) - How much design velocity required in the main duct of
an office building?
Q.54) -How we install internal insulation in Ducts?
Q.55) - Difference between nominal capacity and Actual
capacity?
Q.56) - Is this nominal capacity equal in every country?
Q.57) - How to find Weight of Duct?
Q.58) -What are the different materials used for underground
chilled water supply?
Q.59) -How to find velocity (FPM)?
Q.60) -What Is The FCU?
Q.61) -What Is The Function Of AHU?
Q.62) -What Are The Types Of Air Conditioning Systems?
Q.63) - What Does A Havoc Engineer Do?
Q.64) -What Is The HVAC System?
Q.65) -What Is The Meaning Of Btu In Air Conditioners?

‫ دمحم فكية الرماح‬/‫م‬ 5

Q.66) -What Is Variable Air Volume System & Dual Duct
System?
Q.67) - What Is Constant Volume System?
Q.68) -What Is Centralized Air System?
Q.69) - What Is The Meaning Of FAHU?
Q.70) - What Is CFM & Infiltration ?

‫ دمحم فكية الرماح‬/‫م‬ 6

 Part one HVAC Solutions

Q.1) What is the Unit of Heat?

 Units : BTU (British Thermal Units) 1BTU: It is the
amount of energy required to raise 1 Degree Fahrenheit
temperature of 1 Pound of water(OR)It is the amount of
heat when added to 1 Pound of water increases the
temperature of water to 1 Degree Fahrenheit1 Lb. = 0.45
Kgs (or) 1kg = 2.2 Lbs.
 Types of Heat: Sensible Heat: It can be sensed or
measured by an ordinary dry bulb thermometer . E.g:
Human body temperature can be measured using
thermometer Latent Heat: It can’t be sensed or measured
by an ordinary dry bulb thermometer. It is a hidden heat.
Latent heat is absorbed or released whenever there is a
change in phase. E.g.: When the water becomes vapor and
vice versa

Q.2) What is TON & 1 TON = ?

 TON or Ton of refrigeration: It is the amount of energy
required to Freeze 1 pound of water in 24 hours (or) it is
the amount of energy required to Melt 1 Ton of Ice in 24
Hours.

‫ دمحم فكية الرماح‬/‫م‬ 7

Q.3) Volume Of Air is measured in?
 Volume of air is measured in terms of: CFM = Cubic Feet
per Minute CMH = Cubic Meter per Hour - M³/Sec =
Cubic Meter per Second/Sec = Liters per second CMH =
1.7 x CFM - CFM = 2118 x m3/sec - CFM = 2.119 x
l/sec
Q.4) What is ASHRAE?
 ASHRAE: American Society of Heating Refrigeration and
Air-conditioning Engineers
Q.5) What is the Room Temperature that you maintain in
any room?(1M)
 42 Degree Celsius or 76 Degree Fahrenheit
Q.6)
 CFM = Velocity(usually 1500) *Area in sqft
{(d/2)^2*3.1416/144}
Q.7)
 1 ton = 12000 BTU/hr. = 3.516 KW.
Q.8) Heat Transfer Coefficient (U):
 1(Btu/hr. sqft. *f) = 5.6782 (watt/m2. Calvin) Thermal
Conductivity (K) : 1(Btu/hr. ft. *f ) =1.73(watt/m. Calvin)
Q.9) What is CFM?
 Cubic feet minute, it is the unit of air flow.

‫ دمحم فكية الرماح‬/‫م‬ 8

Q.10) What is Aspect Ratio?
 It is the ratio between ht n length of the duct generally we
take 1:2 can vary with space and size up till 1:4.

Q.11) What is Collar Length?

 It is the strip left at the joining of duct and machine.

Q.12) What are the important things to be considered before

selecting devices like AHUs and Chillers?
 For AHU/FCU for chilled water system = CFM, Static
pressure, Ton (capacity), Air Temp, water flow (gpm).
 For AHU/FCU for direct system = CFM, Static Pressure,
Ton, Sensible. For Chiller: Ton, outside air temp, GPM .
Note:
Sensible / 3.4 = heating capacity.
Static pressure to be considered to make fan selection.
1GPM = 2.4 Ton (we need gpm in finding pipe die).

Q.13) What is Pumps supply fittings?

 Thermometer, Shutoff valve, pressure gauge, strainer, test
point, drain cock, union flexible connector, and Eccentric
reducer.

‫ دمحم فكية الرماح‬/‫م‬ 9

Q.14) What is Pumps return fittings?
 Eccentric reducer, flexible connector, union test point,
check valve, strainer, gate valve, check valve, temp
sensors
Q.15) CFM distribution writ the given floor plan?
 Use ductulator.
Q.16) Calculating loads writ any plan by using software?
 Use Hap - 4.32 or any to find the loads.

Q.17) Type of Dampers?

 Fire dampers = Butterfly damper, Non Return Damper,
Motorized Damper, Fire damper, Smoke damper, Gravity
damper.
Q.18) Types of motorized damper?
 Motorized volume damper, Motorized fire and smoke
damper.
Q.19) Types of grills and diffusers?
 Diffusers Square )1-way , 2-way , 3-way, 4-way( , Round
Diffusers, jet diffusers with fan.

‫ دمحم فكية الرماح‬/‫م‬ 10

Q.20)What is VFD?
 Variable frequency drive-it is use to control the speed of
motor by controlling the frequency applied to it. It is used
with Chillers; AHU etc. (use to control the RPM of
pumps)

Q.21) How do you control or balance the chilled water?

 Double regulating valve in main line return (usually
controlled from return using dry)

Q.22)How do you control the noise or vibration in the duct?

 Lining (nc-35) and Reinforcement.

Q.23) Temperature of water at outlet of chiller and inlet of

AHU?
 @Outlet of chiller - 6-7^c & @ inlet of AHU – 7 – 8^c
 @Outlet of AHU – 10 - 11^c & @ inlet of Chiller - 13-
15^c.

‫ دمحم فكية الرماح‬/‫م‬ 11

Q.24)What are primary pumps and secondary pumps?
 The pumps from chiller to building is Primary and in
building transfer is Secondary.

Q.25) AHU & FCU Valve connection details?

 Check my AHU installation details video.

Q.26)What is CFM value?

 CFM = 0.417 L/s.

Q.27) What are the refrigerants used in split unit?

 R22, R12, R34 (Depends).

Q.28) What are duct heaters and why do we use them if we

already have heating option in AHU?
 Just to provide heating in some specific areas.

Q.29)What is VAV and its working?

Pressure dependent & Pressure independent:
 To control the flow of air and temp. (Variable air volume).
 Pressure dependent: - The volume of air supplied by the
terminal unit varies
 depending upon the static pressure (SP) in the primary air
duct.
‫ دمحم فكية الرماح‬/‫م‬ 12
  Pressure independent terminal units: - have flow-sensing
devices that limit the flow rate through the box. They can
control the maximum and minimum cfm that can be
supplied and are therefore independent of the SP in the
primary air duct.
 Almost all HVAC systems installed or retrofitted at
present have pressure independent VAV terminals.
Pressure independent systems can be balanced and will
allow the correct airflow from each terminal.

Q.30)What is 3 way valve and 2 way valve? Where we will

use them and why?
 4way valve = it will regulate the flow as per demand and
it will be fitted in the return line.
 3way valve = if the AHU is closed and is running on min
load then it will by-pass (Connected to BMS).

Q.31) What is duct gauge normally we use in buildings for

cooling and for exhaust ducts?
 For supply we use 22 gauge and for exhaust we use 18
gauge.

‫ دمحم فكية الرماح‬/‫م‬ 13

Q.32) Types of Duct joints?
 Slip joint, flange joints etc... See ‘internet’.
Q.33) Standard books for HVAC?
 We follow in duct designing are (ASHRAE) and
(SMACNA).
Q.34) What is smoke and light test?
 Check ‘HVAC smoke test and light test in internet.
Q.35)What are the different method used for duct sizing?
 Equal Friction, Velocity, Static Regain.
Q.36) How do you measure & control the noise level in A/C
system?
 Noise level can be measured by dB meter. It can be
controlled by providing acoustic to the unit panels, if the
sound crosses the set noise criteria we have to go for sound
attenuates.
Q.37) What are the recommended pressure drop in Chilled
water pipes?
 412PASCAL'S per meter (0.84 inches).

‫ دمحم فكية الرماح‬/‫م‬ 14

Q.38)Where do you use Fire Damper, Splitter Damper &
Non Return Damper?
 Fire dampers (FD) are used to stop the fire wherever duct
passes through fire wall. Splitter dampers (SD) are used to
split the main duct for proportional air balancing.
 Non Return Dampers (NRD) are used to stop the back
flow of air in the duct. NRD's used in exhaust and
ventilation system only.
Q.39) What are the different types of exhaust fans used to
extract the air?
 Axial type propeller fan, forward curved, twin fan, direct
driven centrifugal fan.
Q.40) What are different duct shapes normally used?
 Rectangular, Round, Spiral, Oval.
Q.41) How do you control vibration of AHU & Chillers?
 Spring vibration isolators, Rubbers pads, Kinetic Chain,
flexible bellows.
Q.42) What is the difference between VAV & CAV?
 Variable Air Volume & Constant Air Volume.
Q.43) Mention typical valve arrangement for chiller
connection?
 Check internet for ‘HVAC.’

‫ دمحم فكية الرماح‬/‫م‬ 15

Q.44)What do you consider while making plant room layout
explain briefly?
 Space, site orientation, plant room location, A/C unit
(ready-made or tailor made).
Q.45)What are the different type of Louvers used?
 Fresh air louvers, sand trap louvers, door louvers, acoustic
louvers, supply air and return air louvers, back draft
louvers.
Q.46)Classify the different types of chillers?
 Air Cooled & Water Cooled. With Compressors -
Reciprocating, screw, centrifugal & scroll chillers.
Q.47)What are the standard test pressure for chilled water
piping for Industrial application?
 Test pressure 1.5 times of working pressure.
Q.48)What are the Securities checking in chillers?
 Flow switch, Chiller and Pump interlocking, High Pressure
cut-out, Oil Pressure switch, High Suction superheat, Anti-
Freeze.
Q.49) What are the temperature & RH required for human
comfort?
 4± 44degree Celsius & 50%RH.

Q.50) At what temperature degree Fahrenheit & degree

Celsius are same?
 °22-C.

‫ دمحم فكية الرماح‬/‫م‬ 16

Q.51) Which gas is used to purge the refrigerant line during
the brazing?
 Nitrogen gas.
Q.52)
 1 TR= 365 to 400 CFM, 3.516KW.
Q.53)How much design velocity required in the main duct of
an office building?
 1122-022 FPM
Q.54)How we install internal insulation in Ducts?
 And what is the insulation thickness of inside and outside
ducts?
 42mm inside and 50mm outside and ducts passing thru
unconditioned spaces.
Q.55)Difference between nominal capacity and Actual
capacity?
 Check on internet.
Q.56) Is this nominal capacity equal in every country?
 Yes.
Q.57) How to find Weight of Duct?
 Wt. in Kg = 8.0318 x Thickness x Perimeter = Kg. Where
Perimeter of Duct = (W x D) 2/1000
Q.58)What are the different materials used for underground
chilled water supply?
 Pre-insulated Black steel pipe sch-40 with rubber cladding.
‫ دمحم فكية الرماح‬/‫م‬ 17
Q.59)How to find velocity (FPM)?
 We need to know GPM and Friction. Then coincide them
in a graph and you will get velocity. And for chilled water
we need to know no. of cycles per year (in
ksa=6months*30days*24hrs = 4320) search for this value
in the annexure of Ashrae to find the FPM. The fpm you
get will be for the roof , to get the fpm in risers take 20%
of roof and to get in runners take 20% of risers.
Q.60)What Is The FCU?
 A Fan Coil Unit (FCU) is a simple device consisting of a
heating and/or cooling heat exchanger or 'coil' and fan. It
is part of an HVAC system found in residential,
commercial, and industrial buildings.
Q.61) What Is The Function Of AHU?
 An Air Handling Unit (AHU) is used to re-condition and
circulate air as part of a heating, ventilating and air-
conditioning system. The basic function of the AHU is
take in outside air, re-condition it and supply it as fresh air
to a building.

‫ دمحم فكية الرماح‬/‫م‬ 18

Q.62)What Are The Types Of Air Conditioning Systems?
 Types of Air Conditioning Systems The choice of which
air conditioner system to use depends upon a number of
factors including how large the area is to be cooled, the
total heat generated inside the enclosed area, etc.
 Window Air Conditioner.
 Split Air Conditioner.
 Packaged Air Conditioner.
 Central Air Conditioning System.
Q.63) What Does A Havoc Engineer Do?
 An HVAC engineer's job duties can include the design,
installation, maintenance, and repair of heating,
ventilation, air conditioning, cooling, and refrigeration
systems.
Q.64)What Is The HVAC System?
 While the Energy Center usually tries to avoid the use of
acronyms, HVAC is in common use in the heating and
cooling industry. It stands for "heating, ventilation and air
conditioning, “three functions often combined into one
system in today's modern homes and buildings

‫ دمحم فكية الرماح‬/‫م‬ 19

Q.65)What Is The Meaning Of Btu In Air Conditioners?
 Btu – British thermal unit (Btu) is the international
measure of energy. A Btu is the amount of heat needed to
raise 1 (one) pound of water by 1(one) degree Fahrenheit.
In HVAC industry, Btu's measure the quantity of heat a
conditioning unit can remove from a room per hours. One
BTU per hour is equal to 0293 watts
Q.66)What Is Variable Air Volume System & Dual Duct
System?
 Variable Air Volume (VAV) is a type of heating,
ventilating, and/or air- conditioning (HVAC) system.
Unlike constant air volume (CAV) systems, which supply
a constant airflow at a variable temperature, VAV systems
vary the airflow at a constant temperature.
Q.67) What Is Constant Volume System?
 Constant Air Volume (CAV) is a type of heating,
ventilating, and air- conditioning (HVAC) system. In a
simple CAV system, the supply air flow rate is constant,
but the supply air temperature is varied to meet the thermal
loads of a space. Most CAV systems are small, and serve a
single thermal zone.

‫ دمحم فكية الرماح‬/‫م‬ 20

Q.68)What Is Centralized Air System?
 The most common central cooling system is a split system,
which includes an outdoor cabinet containing a condenser
coil and compressor, and an indoor evaporator coil,
usually installed in conjunction with your furnace, or air
handler, the compressor pumps a chemical called
refrigerant through the system.

Q.69) What Is The Meaning Of FAHU?

 FAHU is the abbreviation used for FRESH AIR
HANDLING UNIT. These are usually centralized units
employed to induce fresh air quantities to the confines
spaces. They come into picture wherever there are
limitations to fresh air intake either directly or through
AHUs.

Q.70) What Is Cfm & Infiltration?

 The infiltration rate is the volumetric flow rate of outside
air into a building, typically in cubic feet per minute
(CFM) or liters per second (LPS). The air exchange rate,
(I), is the number of interior volume air changes that occur
per hour, and has units of 1/h.

‫ دمحم فكية الرماح‬/‫م‬ 21