“The best thing

you can do is
to be a woman
and stand
before the
world and
speak your
heart.”

-Abbey
Lincoln

A GLORIOUS ICON OF JAZZ

AND BLACK LIBERATION
 “I think that's what really a substantial work is, it's
forever. It's the truth now and it was the truth then,
and it will be the truth tomorrow.”
-Abbey Lincoln

The Table of Contents

1. Prologue

2. Her Early Career

3. The Later Years

4. Her Legacy
Involving jazz, you can never forget about her. To understand how music evolves fully, you must
understand about Abbey Lincoln's life and legacy. She was a trailblazer, outspoken for our
freedom, and a lover of Blackness 100 percent. The outstanding singer and civil rights activist
Abbey Lincoln was born in Chicago. She was born on August 6, 1930. Her original name is
Anna Marie Wooldridge. She was raised in Calvin Center, Cass County, Michigan. So, Lincoln
was born and raised in the great Midwestern region of the United States of America. As a young
child, Lincoln went into a one room school to develop her education, and she was raised with
11 siblings. Abbey Lincoln even taught herself on how to play the piano. Constantly, Lincoln
would invent songs. Lincoln performed at the church choir and at amateur contests. Early on,
she sang music from Hawaii to Havana, Cuba. As early as 1951, she performed in numerous
nightclubs. That was very commonplace for many black musicians like Maya Angelou. She lived
in Honolulu, Hawaii as a resident singer in a club. She came back to California in 1954.

Like many singers of her time, Abbey Lincoln was inspired by Billie Holiday. As many know,
Bille Holiday was one of the greatest jazz musicians of all time. Holiday sang from her soul on
many topics from love to expressing opposition to the cruel evil of the lynching of black human
beings. Lynching of black people didn't just occur in the South. They transpired nationwide.
Lincoln readily visited the Blue Note jazz club in New York City. Her debut album (in 1955)
was "Abbey Lincoln's Affair: A Story of a Girl in Love." She made other albums for Riverside
Records too. In 1956, Abbey Lincoln was in the movie of The Girl Can't Help It, for which she
wore a dress that had been worn by Marilyn Monroe in Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953), and
interpreted the theme song, working with Benny Carter. By 1957, she moved into New York
City, and she worked at the Village Vanguard, which is a jazz club in the Greenwich Village.
The Greenwich Village was home to Beat poets, liberals, and other cultural influencers. She had
many friends and artists who was all about promoting civil rights and advancing the great genre
of jazz music. In 1957, she released the album of That's Him!, and in 1958, she released the
album It's Magic. Abbey is Blue came out in 1959.

Her Early Career

By 1960, she sang on Max Roach's landmark civil rights themed recording of We Insist!
Lincoln's lyrics were often linked to the civil rights movement in America. That time of the
1960's was a cultural revolution where black people and other oppressed human beings saw a
shift in the world society. It was the age when Jim Crow apartheid was in its final stages. With
Ivan Dixon, she co-starred in Nothing But a Man (1964), an independent film written and
directed by Michael Roemer. Nothing But a Man was an honest film that exposes the evil
injustices of Jim Crow apartheid in America. Nothing But a Man had everything from a diverse
black cast, real life situations, and honesty about the complex nature of black life. It didn't
sugarcoat a thing, and it was one of Malcolm X's favorite movies. Abbey Lincoln married Max
Roach in 1962. All over the 1960's, Abbey Lincoln and Max Roach participated in civil rights
 activism via their performances at benefits and fundraisers for the NAACP and CORE (the
Congress of Racial Equality). "It always did the actresses in, because I was the one who was
supposed to have this reputation as a freedom fighter ... and I got two movies," Lincoln told
NPR's Roy Hurst in a 2003 interview. In 1968 she co-starred with Sidney Poitier and Beau
Bridges in For Love of Ivy and received a 1969 Golden Globe
nomination for her appearance in the film. For The Love of
Ivy is an underrated film in music film history. It is about a
black woman, who is a maid to a wealthy family, having an
independent mind of her own in her quest for romance plus
moving forward with her career. Her character was strong,
intelligent, dignified and filled with a determination to get
“Jazz is not just music, it's a
what she wants in a positive way. Sidney Poitier and Abbey
way of life, it's a way of
Lincoln in the film fall in love in many levels and steps. It's a being, a way of thinking.”
realistic romantic film based on mutual respect for 2 black
human beings who are in love. -Nina Simone

Television appearances, made by Abbey Lincoln, began in 1968 with The Name of the Game.
In March 1969, she had a role for WGBH-TV Boston. The role was in one of a 10-episode series
of individual dramas written, produced and performed by black people called, "On Being Black."
It was her work in Alice Childress's Wine in the Wilderness. She appeared in Mission:
Impossible (1971), the television movie Short Walk to Daylight (1972), Marcus Welby, M.D.
(1974), and All in the Family (1978). Lincoln was married from 1962 to 1970 to drummer Max
Roach, whose daughter from a previous marriage, Maxine, appeared on several of Lincoln's
albums. During the 1970's, she helped her mother in Los Angeles, and Abbey Lincoln began to
write literature. In 1973, Abbey Lincoln released the album of People in Me. Her first lead
album in 12 years after Straight Ahead.

For a long time, the late, great Nat King Cole had innovated jazz and promoted a
trailblazing walk involving television and music in general. His talent expanded into
being an actor and a professional pianist. Nat King Cole even performed on
Broadway. He was the first African American man to host an American television
series. That was groundbreaking. He was born in Montgomery, Alabama. His father
was a Baptist minister, and Cole later lived in Chicago. Many of Cole's relatives were
musicians, including his daughter Natalie Cole. Like many legends, he learned to
play the organ in the church form his mother. He learned jazz, gospel, and classical
music on the piano. He listened to hear Louis Armstrong, Earl Hines, and Jimmie
No one at clubs in Chicago. Bronzeville, Chicago was the place where he was raised.
By the 1940’s, Nat King Cole performed music. Some of his famous songs are Route
66, Mona Lisa, and Unforgettable. His final album was called L-O-V-E in 1965. Nat
King Cole was a black man who supported civil rights, worked to help create the The Jazz Legend Nat King Cole
1963 March on Washington, and he worked with Kennedy including Johnson on was with her daughter, fellow
civil rights issues. Elegance, class, and power exemplify his legacy as a black man. legend Natalie Cole
Rest in Power Brother Nat King Cole.
 The Legacy of Jazz
On this Black History Month underrated in his talents. Bird
(in 2022), it is always was solemn film about
important to acknowledge the Parker’s life story, starring the
power and strength of jazz legendary actor Forest
music. Jazz was birthed in the Whitaker. Folks know that
Delta at the Deep South by John Coltrane was a legend.
black Americans. It is a He mastered the saxophone.
musical artform with He enjoyed showing convert Ella Fitzgerald (who was born
magnificent power, style, and harmonic structures in the
in the 757 at Newport News,
influence. Its performers and song Giant Steps. A Love
Virginia) and Louis
fans are human beings of Supreme in 1964 (created by
every color, and we certainly Coltrane) was one of the
Armstrong were great friends.
appreciate jazz a great deal. They were icons of music, and
One of the great modern they loved their fans
displays of jazz is found in the constantly.
epic film of Malcolm X which
Coleman Hawkins, Sarah
was released in 1992 (shown
Vaughn, Ella Fitzgerald,
by Terrence Blanchard). Louis
Bessie Smith, Wayne Shorter,
Armstrong was an
Albert Ayler, and other artists
ambassador of jazz
made great works. Billie
movement. He was beloved
The image above showed Holiday was courage in
using the trumpet and having
Sarah Vaughn playing the singing and doing jazz too.
many friends like Josephine
piano while Duke Ellington People like Sonny Rollins, Art
Baker. Armstrong studied
and Billy Eckstine watching Blakey, Ornette Coleman,
opera and the blues too. Duke
her profound talent. William "Count" Basie, Max
Ellington was so great a
Roach, Cecil Taylor, Herbie
player of the piano and being
greatest albums in human Hancock, Sun Ra, Anthony
a leader of the orchestra, that
history being widely influential Braxton, Carmen McRae,
is he known as the Duke.
in the history of music. McCoy Tyner, Lester Young,
Washington, D.C. was the
Thelonious Monk was from William Parker, and other
place of his birth. Duke
North Carolina. He played people perfected their songs
Ellington thrived in the Swing
with Charlie Christian, Dizzy to project widespread
Era (1935-1945) and beyond
Gillespie, and Don Byas. His magnificence in jazz music.
into the 1970's. We know
brilliant mind was powerful. Jazz music is the music of the
about Abbey Lincoln's jazz
Miles Davis was a rebel. He world. There is no hip hop or
career and movie career
didn't confirm to what people R&B without jazz.
showing non stereotypical
wanted him to do. Lester
roles of black women. Charlie
Young, Charles Mingus,
Parker or "Bird" was
 The Later Years
After a tour of Africa in the mid 1970's, she adopted the name of Aminata Moseka. Africa has
changed the lives of tons of black people in seeing the Motherland in its glory plus beauty. By
the 1980's, Abbey Lincoln's creative output was smaller, and she released only a few albums. In
1984, she released her album of Talking to the Sun under Enja Records. Her song "For All We
Know" is featured in the 1989 film Drugstore Cowboy. In 1987, she released the albums of
Abbey Sings Billie, Vol. 1 and Abbey Sings Billie Vol. 2 as a tribute to Billie Holiday with Enja
Records. In the 1990 Spike Lee movie Mo' Better Blues, Abbey Lincoln played the young Bleek's
mother, Lillian. Mo' Better Blues is about jazz musicians, and one jazz musician (portrayed by
Denzel Washington) evolves from being a womanizer to being a more mature, upright black
man who takes care of his family firmly. Ironically, Spike Lee's sister plays Denzel's love interest
in Mo' Better Blues. In 1990, Lincoln also released the album of The World is Falling Down.
During the 1990's and until her death, however, she fulfilled a 10-album contract with Verve
Records. These albums are highly regarded and represent a crowning achievement in Lincoln's
career. In 1991, You Gotta Pay the Band was released by Abbey Lincoln too. Devil's Got Your
Tongue (1992) featured Rodney Kendrick, Grady Tate, Yoron Israel, J. J. Johnson, Stanley
Turrentine, Babatunde Olatunji and The Staple Singers, among others.

Lincoln worked with Maggie Brown on Brown's album of Wholly Earth in 1999. Lincoln
wanted Brown to just make music and don't get bogged down in agents or money. Brown is a
fan of Lincoln which is why she did a tribute to Lincoln called Maggie Sings Abbey. Maggie
Brown was a fan of her since she was a child. In 2003, Lincoln received a National Endowment
for the Arts Jazz Master Award. Lincoln’s music dealt with lyrics that dealt with the ideals of the
civil rights movement and helped inspired future generations' passion for the cause in the minds
of her listeners. She always loved acting too. Abbey Lincoln loved to explore more philosophical
themes in the later years of her songwriting career. She remained professionally active in her
work until well into her seventies. Her last album before her passing was "Abbey Sings Abbey"
in 2007.

Lincoln died on August 14, 2010, in Manhattan, New York City, eight days after her 80th
birthday. Her death was announced by her brother, David Wooldridge, who told The New York
Times that she had died in a Manhattan nursing home after suffering deteriorating health ever
since undergoing open-heart surgery in 2007. No cause of death was officially given. She was
cremated and her ashes were scattered. Before her passing, Abbey Lincoln asked her friend Dee
Dee Bridgewater to help keep the songbook alive of her music. On May of 2011, at the John F.
Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C., something happened. Dee Dee
Bridgewater, Dianne Reeves, and Cassandra Wilson played Abbey Lincoln's music. Bridgewater
fulfilled Lincoln's promise. Terri Lyne Carrington was the musical director on the drums. It was
their jazz tribute to Abbey Lincoln.

I always appreciate the musical

talent of Chrisette Michele. She can
sing jazz, R&B, soul, and other
genres of music. As a younger
person, she led gospel choirs. Now,
she is a young legendary artist with
songs that detail messages about
love, life, romance, and having the
power to move forward. Afro Blue is
a song performed by her too. She is
an heir to the legacy established by
the icon Abbey Lincoln.
 In Honor of Women’s History Month: The Celebration of 2 Icons of Music

She is one of the greatest opera singers of all time. For Legends are always remembered. Sister Marian Anderson lived from
decades, she has toured the globe in singing music that stirs 1897 to 1993. 1993 was when I was in elementary school, and I
up joy among audiences. She is Sister Leontyne Price, and remembered her back then. Her gift was singing monumental music
she is 94 years old. She was born in Laurel, Mississippi. She like opera, spirituals, etc. Her voice was contralto. She sang
sang at the St. Paul's Methodist Church, played piano, etc. orchestras worldwide from 1925 to 1965. Philadelphia was the place
Wilberforce College in Wilberforce, Ohio was where she was of her birth. Her parents were devout Baptist Christians. Marian
educated too. She sang at the play of Porgy and Bess in Anderson sang at the church choir when she was 6 years old. She
1953. Back in the day, Porgy and Bess was controversial, sang with her aunt too. Anderson sang at local churches, the YMCA,
because some thought that the play stereotyped black benefit concerts, etc. When she was 10, Marian joined the People's
Americans. Leontyne Price worked hard as an opera singer. Chorus of Philadelphia under the singer Emma Azalia Hackley. She
She toured, was on television, and was in the Susan graduated from South Philadelphia High School in 1921. She
Froemke's The Opera House documentary in 2017 at the age experienced discrimination because of her race, but she persisted to
of 90 years old. She also won tons of awards. She is one of express her gift of singing. Marian Anderson performed at Carnegie
the greatest sopranos of all time. Miles Davis was inspired Hall in 1928. She toured Europe during the 1930's. Albert Einstein (a
by her. Many human beings know her as a the first African man known for supporting socialism and racial tolerance) hosted
American to be a leading performer at the Metropolitan Anderson on many times. She worked with him months before he died
Opera during the 1950's including the 1960's. She is one of in 1955. Marian Anderson performed at the 1939 Lincoln Memorial
the greatest American classical singers of all time. Her voice concert. Racists from the DAR didn't want her to perform. Yet, she did
is rich and very powerful. She has worked in recitals and perform.
orchestral concerts until 1997. She received the Presidential
Medal of Freedom in 1964 and the Spingarm Medal in 1965. The NAACP, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, other civil
She has many honorary degrees, 10 Grammy Awards, and a rights groups, and First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt (who resigned from
Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2019, Leontyne Price was the DAR) fought for Anderson's right to perform. Marian Anderson
awarded an honorary doctorate degree from Boston performed her concert on Easter Sunday, April 9, 1939 at the Lincoln
Conservatory at Berklee. Decades ago, she sang in the Memorial. Her rendition was "My Country 'Tis of Thee." More than
church choir. Price was inspired by Marian Anderson when 75,000 people attended the concert. Marian Anderson received the
she saw her sing in Jackson when she was 14 years old. Spingarn Medal for distinguished achievement. Anderson sang to the
Dionne Warwick is her maternal cousin. She traveled the troops during WWII and the Korean War. She fought for civil rights
world to present her talent. By the 21st century, Leontyne throughout her life. She was the first African American to sing with
Price continues to promote opera. She is a living legend. the Metropolitan Opera in NYC on January 7, 1955. She sang for
Modern day sopranos take inspiration by her too. President John F. Kennedy's inauguration in 1961. Anderson also was
at the 1963 March on Washington. JFK presented her with the
Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963. Marian Anderson had
exquisite, glorious beauty inside and out and a sense of excellence in
how she used her craft to motivate souls during the 20th century. She
has 24 honorary doctoral degrees along with singing well into the
1970's. In 1991, she received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement
Award. She fulfilled her dreams, so future generations could realize
their own dreams succinctly.

Rest in Power Sister Marian Anderson.

 Her legacy
Today, more human beings understand the long life of the late legend Abbey Lincoln. I only
heard of her a few years ago, but her legendary contributions to jazz and music are endless. She
was born in Chicago. Jazz and blues traveled from the Delta northward into the Midwest and
all over America. Later, Abbey Lincoln worked hard to perfect her craft of studying and
expressing music. She sang from clubs to world famous performing arenas globally. As a black
woman, her consciousness was very high in dealing with her experiences. All over her life, she
advocated for civil rights and human justice. She sang in favor of black liberation overtly in her
records. She was criticized for that too during the 1960's, but Lincoln didn't care. Many of us
know about Monk, Max Roach, Joe Coltrane, Sarah Vaughan, Wynton Marsalis, and Miles
Davis, but it is important that unsung artists like Abbey Lincoln receive their flowers for their
creative, monumental talent. Abbey Lincoln was unapologetic in her activism and in her soul.
Filled with soul, she loved our black people greatly. I remember her movies too. She was in both
films of Just A Man (featuring Ivan Dixon) and For the Love of Ivy (featuring Sidney Poitier).
Just a Man and For the Love of Ivy was an ode to the beauty of Black Love and the resiliency of
black existence in general. Her movies deal with the art of acting and political statements too.
Abbey Lincoln made albums for over 5 decades well into the 21st century. Lincoln was our
unsung hero. Jazz is an American artform invented by black people in America. When you get
older, you further appreciate the wonderful songs found in jazz music. From the rivers of the
Delta to the areas of the four corners of the world, jazz and blues (with the trumpets, bass,
musical notes, and diverse pitches) transformed the atmosphere of our cultural expression.
Abbey Lincoln's sounds were crisp and excellent, her aura was inspirational, and her legacy is
firmly established as one of the greatest musicians of all time.

By Timothy

These are the lyrics to song of All Africa by Abbey Lincoln:

“…The beat has a rich and magnificent

history
Full of adventure, excitement, and
mystery
Some of it bitter, and some of it sweet
But all of it part of the beat, the beat,
the beat
They say it began with a chant and a hum
And a black hand laid on a native drum

Bantu, Zulu, Watusi, Ashanti, Herero,

Grebo, Ibo, Masuto, Nyasa, Ndumbo,
Umunda, Bobo, Kongo, Hobo, Kikuyu,
Bahutu, Mossi, Kisii (Kissi/Kisi), Mbangi,
Jahomi, Fongo, Bandjoun, Bassa, Yoruba,
Gola, Ila, Mandingo, Mangbetu, Yosee,
Bali, Angoli, Biombii, Mbole, Malinke,
Mende, Masai (Maasai), Masai, Masai…”
 The Classic Film of Nothing But a
Man (1964)

Malcolm X praised this film for a

reason. You can look in their eyes
to see the pain and power of their
black souls desiring real change in
our society.

Nothing But a Man was an independent film directed by Michael Roemer (who also co-wrote the film with
Robert M. Young). It starred the legendary people of Ivan Dixon and Abbey Lincoln. The film shows the story
of Duff Anderson, an African American railroad worker, who tried to maintain his self-respect inside of a
racist small town near Birmingham, Alabama. He married the local preacher’s daughter. It’s one of the
greatest films of all time with realistic dialogue, courageous scenes, and a great presence. Abbey Lincoln’s
character played a newly married woman. The issues of discrimination, oppression, racism, poverty,
relationships, and other topics are made manifest in this movie. Ivan Dixon plays a complex, hard working
man who works, opposes white racists, and loves a woman, who is a well-known teacher of children. Ivan
Dixon (in the movie) deals with his imperfections to be a better man by the end of the movie. Decades ahead
of its time, the movie never disappoints. Nothing But a Man also stars Gloria Foster, Yaphet Kotto, Julius
Harris, Mel Stewart, Helen Lounck, and other human beings. With the times that we are living currently in
2022, this movie is very much relatable to our time plus any time in human history.
 Pro-Civil Rights Musicians

Bernice Johnson Reagon has Aretha Franklin was the Max Roach promoted Paul Robeson was one of the most
been a song leader, scholar, Queen of Soul. She was freedom for black people. He courageous men in history. He was a
composer, and social activist involved in concerts to invest once married Abbey Lincoln singer, stage performer, actor, athlete,
for decades. She was a founder in helping the Civil Rights for several years. Also, he was and activist. Robeson’s films were not
member of the SNCC Freedom Movement. Aretha loved a jazz drummer and just about entertainment. Many of his
Singers in the Albany black people. She has always composer. He was a pioneer movies dealt with political issues from
Movement. She created an all- supported civil rights and of bebop. Working with icons confronting racism to showing the
black woman a cappella other important issues of jazz like Coleman Hawkins, beauty of black humanity. He stood
ensemble called Sweet Honey throughout her life. She Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie up against imperialism and racism.
in the Rock at Washington, supported women’s rights Parker, Abbey Lincoln, Dinah The evil of McCarthyism could never
D.C. too. She worked in the too. Franklin wanted Angela Washington, Booker Little, intimidate him. Paul Robeson inspired
1964 Freedom Summer Davis to be free from jail. Thelonious Monk, and other future generations of actors and
protests in the South. Aretha Franklin also human beings, Roach always actress all of the time.
supported the rights of shown excellence in his
Native Americans, and she expertise.
was an icon of our time.

Odetta was a singer and Billie Holiday was one of the The Impressions, including The Staples Singers (including Mavis
human rights activist. She was best jazz singers of all time. Curtis Mayfield, had a Staples) always had conscious
the Voice of the Civil Rights She lived her life in favor of powerful presence. They were messages. They are masters of R&B
Movement using folk music, freedom for black people. based in the Midwest to music and gospel too. They were
blues, jazz, and spirituals. Take She stood up against the speak on freedom. They based in Chicago. Their father was
This Hammer is one of my War on Drugs and sang came from Chattanooga, Roebuck “Pops” Staples. They worked
favorite songs of her. Rosa Strange Fruit to condemn Tennessee. They sang gospel with Stax Records too. Mavis Staples
Parks and Dr. Martin Luther the evil of lynching in music too. Their song of has a immense influence on the
King Jr. were fans of her music. American society. Billie People Get Ready is one development of folk, gospel, and R&B
Holiday always has the major soundtrack of the Civil music.
charisma and brilliance to Rights Movement.
present her talent to the
world.
 ABBEY LINCOLN’s
What Are You Doing The
Rest Of Your Life song
Lyrics

What are you doing the rest of your life? Those tomorrows waiting deep in your eyes

North and South and East and West of your life In the world of love that you keep in your eyes

I have only one request of your life I'll awaken what's asleep in your eyes

That you spend it all with me It may take a kiss or two

All the seasons and the times of your days Through all of my life

All the nickels and the dimes of your days Summer, Winter, Spring, and Fall of my life

Let the reasons and the rhymes of your days All I ever will recall of my life

All begin and end with me Is all of my life with you.

I want to see your face in every kind of light

In the fields of dawn and the forests of the night

And when you stand before the candles on a cake

Oh, let me be the one to hear the silent wish you

make
The Modern Day Jazz Legend Sister Tia Fuller
Recently, there was the Birthday of Sister Tia Fuller,
and she is 46 years old. She was born in Aurora,
Colorado. Her parents are jazz musicians Fred and
Elthopia Fuller. Her father plays bass and her mother
sings. Shamier, who is Tia's sister, is a jazz musician
and educator too. When she was growing up, Tia
Fuller listening to her parents rehearse in the
basement of their home. She learned of the music
of John Coltraine, Sarah Vaughan, and Charlie
Parker. Fuller loved playing the saxophone at
Gateway High School. She further studied musical
education at Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia
under the tutelage of Joseph Jennings. Ray Charles
worked with her. Tia Fuller performed at jazz clubs.
By 1998, she graduated magna cum laude with a
Bachelor of Arts degree in music. She earned her
master's degree in jazz pedagogy and performance
from the University of Colorado at Boulder. She
played with many jazz artists like Esperanza
Spalding, Terri Lyne Carrington, Ralph Peterson,
Nancy Wilson, etc. She was a member of Beyonce's
all-woman band touring across the world. Tia
teaches at Berklee College of Music. In 2019, she
recorded with Roy Haynes, Jon Batiste, Linda May
JAZZ MAKES SOUNDS, MUSIC,
Han Oh, and Marcus Gilmore for the Walt Disney
AND CREATIVITY COME ALIVE Company's movie of Soul. She has many albums and
FULLY IN OUR LIVES. projects with more legendary people too. I wish
Sister Tia Fuller More Blessings.
 Some sad news is the singer, mother, and friend Traci
Braxton passed away from cancer at the age of 50 years
old. Traci Braxton lived a life filled with love of family
and friends, filled with humor, and filled with joy. She
loved her family, and she was down to Earth. Her
relatability was contagious. Traci Braxton loved to
perform music. She was with the Braxton singing
group, and she established her own solo career for
years. As a radio personality, she loved to communicate
her messages of positivity to the people. She will always
be remembered completely.

Rest in Power Sister Traci

Braxton.

H
B
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The Braxton Sisters
 4
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1. Louis Armstrong recorded Body and Soul in 1930. 2. In 1934, Duke Ellington and Billie
Holiday were in the film called Symphony in Black. 3. In 1952, Duke Ellington’s 25 th
anniversary celebration featured Billie Holiday, Stan Getz, Charlie Parker, and Dizzy
Gillespie. 4. In 1958, the St. Louis Blues movie show Ella Fitzgerald, Nat King Cole, and
Mahalia Jackson. 5. In 1965, John Coltrane’s Ascension existed. 6. Miles Davis released King
of Blue in 1959. 7. Headhunters was released by Herbie Hancock in 1973. 8. By 1986,
Wynton Marsalis recorded Standard Time in 1986.

“It’s a New Dawn.

It’s a New Day.
It’s a New Life For Me,
And I’m Feelin’ Good.”

-Nina Simone
Nina Simone and her daughter Lisa Simone (pictured
on the right) totally represent the culture of jazz to
the fullest.
Ase.