Negative Flow Control System: Systems Operation

320D Excavator BZP00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY C6.4 Engine(SEBP522...
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Product: EXCAVATOR
Model: 320D EXCAVATOR BZP
Configuration: 320D Excavator BZP00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY C6.4 Engine
Systems Operation
320D Excavator Hydraulic System
Media Number -RENR7294-09 Publication Date -01/12/2010 Date Updated -01/12/2010
i02820307
Negative Flow Control System

SMCS - 5050-NE
Introduction
The drive pump and the idler pump receive signal oil pressure from the center bypass passages of
the main control valve. This signal oil pressure that is created in the center bypass passages of the
main control valve is called negative flow control pressure. Negative flow control pressure flows
to the regulators at the drive pump and the idler pump in order to control the output flow of the
pumps. Negative flow control pressure is created during the following machine operating
conditions.
• All of the joysticks and travel levers/pedals are in the NEUTRAL position.
• Any of the joysticks and/or travel levers/pedals are partially moved from the NEUTRAL
position in order to perform a fine control operation.
• A boom lower operation is performed alone.
Illustration 1 g00690034
Main control valve (top view)
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320D Excavator BZP00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY C6.4 Engine(SEBP522... Page 2 of 9
(12) Negative flow control line to idler pump
(13) Negative flow control line to drive pump
The right body of the control valve receives supply oil from the drive pump. Negative flow control
pressure from the right body of the main control valve flows through negative flow control line
(13) to the drive pump. The left body of the control valve receives supply oil from the idler pump.
Negative flow control pressure from the left body of the main control valve flows through
negative flow control line (12) to the idler pump. The negative flow control operation of the drive
pump and the idler pump is identical.
Negative flow control operation (control valves in the NEUTRAL position)
(1) Center bypass passage
(2) Return line
(4) Passage
(5) relief valve (negative flow control)
(7) Negative flow control orifice
(8) Port
(10) Passage
(11) Return passage
(12) Negative flow control line
(14) Idler pump
(15) Drive pump
(16) Pilot pump
Bucket control valve (NEUTRAL position)
Illustration 3 shows the negative flow control operation at the main control valve when all of the
control valves are in the NEUTRAL position. When all of the joysticks and the travel
levers/pedals are in the NEUTRAL position, the spools of the individual control valves are in the
NEUTRAL position. Oil flow to the cylinders and motors is blocked. Center bypass passages (1)
and (3) are open.
All of the oil delivery from drive pump (15) flows through center bypass passage (3), passage (4)
and negative flow control orifice (9) to return line (2). Negative flow control orifice (9) restricts
the oil flow. The pressure in passage (4) increases. Increased negative flow control pressure now
flows through passage (10) and negative flow control line (13) to the pump regulator. The
negative flow control operation of the drive pump regulator causes the swashplate of the drive
pump to move to the minimum angle position. The output flow of the drive pump is decreased due
to the increased negative flow control pressure that is created in center bypass passage (3) .
Since center bypass passage (1) is also open, the negative flow control operation of the idler pump
regulator is identical to the negative flow control operation of the drive pump regulator.
ReferenceFor more information concerning the negative flow control operation of the main pump
regulators, refer to Systems Operation, "Pump Control (Main Hydraulic)".
Negative flow control operation (bucket control valve in the BUCKET CLOSE position)
(2) Return line
(4) Passage
(8) Port
(10) Passage
(11) Return passage
(14) Idler pump
(15) Drive pump
(16) Pilot pump
Bucket control valve (BUCKET CLOSE position)
Illustration 5 shows the negative flow control operation at the main control valve when only the
bucket control valve is in the BUCKET CLOSE position.
All of the control valves in the left body of the main control valve are in the NEUTRAL position.
Center bypass passage (1) is open. All of the oil delivery from the idler pump flows through center
bypass passage (1) to negative flow control orifice (7). Since all of the oil delivery from idler
pump (14) is restricted by negative flow control orifice (7), negative flow control pressure (PN) in
center bypass passage (1) is at maximum pressure. The negative flow control pressure flows
through negative flow control line (12) to the idler pump regulator. The negative flow control
operation of the idler pump regulator causes the swashplate of the idler pump to move to the
minimum angle position. The output flow of the idler pump is decreased due to the increased
negative flow control pressure that is created in center bypass passage (1) .
The joystick for the bucket has been moved fully to the BUCKET CLOSE position. Pilot oil has
fully shifted the bucket control valve. The oil delivery from drive pump (15) flows into the right
body of the main control valve. The oil delivery flows through center bypass passage (3) to the
bucket control valve. Since the spool in the bucket control valve is fully shifted, center bypass
passage (3) is blocked. All of the oil delivery from the drive pump flows to the head end of the
bucket cylinder. No oil flows to negative flow control orifice (9) and no negative flow control
pressure is created in center bypass passage (3). Since no negative flow control pressure is sent to
the drive pump regulator, the drive pump regulator moves the swashplate of the drive pump
toward the maximum angle position. The output flow of the drive pump is increased since no
negative flow control pressure is created in center bypass passage (3) .
Fine Control Operation
Bucket control valve (fine control)
(21) Parallel feeder passage
(22) Port
(23) Spool
(24) Passage
(P) Pilot pressure
When the joystick for the bucket is in the NEUTRAL position, spool (23) is in the NEUTRAL
position. The oil delivery from the drive pump flows through center bypass passage (3) to negative
flow control orifice (9). When the joystick for the bucket is partially moved from the NEUTRAL
position in order to perform a fine control operation, pilot pressure (P) enters the control valve at
the pilot port. Pilot pressure shifts spool (23) slightly to the left. The movement of spool (23)
partially opens passage (24). Center bypass passage (3) is partially blocked.
The oil delivery from the drive pump is now divided into two flow paths. A portion of the oil
delivery from the drive pump flows through center bypass passage (3) to negative flow control
orifice (9). The remainder of the oil delivery from the drive pump flows through parallel feeder
passage (21) and passage (24) to port (22). The oil flow from center bypass passage (3) to negative
flow control orifice (9) decreases. The flow resistance through the negative flow control orifice
decreases and the negative flow control pressure (PN) in passage (4) decreases. The negative flow
control pressure that is sent to the regulator at the drive pump decreases. The pump regulator
causes the swashplate of the drive pump to move toward the maximum angle position. The output
flow of the pump is increased due to the decrease in negative flow control pressure (PN) .
When the joystick for the bucket is moved to the full stroke position, spool (23) shifts fully to the
left. Center bypass passage (3) is now blocked by spool (23). Since there is no oil flow through
center bypass passage (24), no negative flow control pressure is created. The swashplate of the
drive pump is moved to the maximum angle position. The output flow of the drive pump is
maximum. The output flow of the drive pump is now controlled by the constant horsepower flow
control.
The ability to modulate the negative flow control pressure by partial movement of the joystick
enables fine control of the implements.
Relief Valve (Negative Flow Control)
(2) Return line
(4) Passage
(5) Relief valve for negative flow control
(11) Return passage
(17) Plug
(18) Spring
(19) Relief valve body
(20) Valve
(PN) Negative flow control pressure
The following description is given for the operation of the relief valve that is located in the right
body of the main control valve. The operation of the relief valve for the negative flow control that
is located in the left body of the main control valve is identical.
Relief valve (5) for the negative flow control consists of plug (17), spring (18), relief valve body
(19) and valve (20). When any one of the joysticks and/or travel levers/pedals is at the full stroke
position, the oil flow through center bypass passage (3) is blocked. No oil flows to the relief valve
for the negative flow control.
When all of the joysticks and/or travel levers/pedals are suddenly returned to the NEUTRAL
position, all of the output flow from the drive pump flows through center bypass passage (3). The
negative flow control pressure in center bypass passage (3) and passage (4) suddenly increases.
When the negative flow control pressure becomes higher than the pressure setting of relief valve
(5) for the negative flow control, valve (20) shifts to the left against the force of spring (18). Oil in
center bypass passage (3) is now allowed to flow past valve (20) into return passage (11) to the
hydraulic tank. This prevents the hydraulic shock that occurs due to sudden changes in negative
flow control pressure.
After the hydraulic shock is relieved by the relief valve for the negative flow control, the force of
spring (18) shifts valve (20) to the right. All of the output flow from the drive pump flows through
center bypass passage (3), negative flow control orifice (9) and return line (2) to the hydraulic
tank.
Negative flow control pressure (PN), that is created in center bypass passage (3), reaches
maximum pressure since all of the oil flow is restricted by negative flow control orifice (9). The
negative flow control pressure flows to the drive pump regulator. The regulator at the drive pump
causes the swashplate of the drive pump to move to the minimum angle position. The output flow
of the drive pump is decreased due to the increase in negative flow control pressure (PN) .
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320D Excavator BZP00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY C6.4 Engine(SEBP522...

Negative Flow Control System

• A boom lower operation is performed alone.

Main control valve (top view)

(12) Negative flow control line to idler pump

(13) Negative flow control line to drive pump

Negative flow control operation (control valves in the NEUTRAL position)

(1) Center bypass passage

(2) Return line

(3) Center bypass passage

(5) relief valve (negative flow control)

(6) relief valve (negative flow control)

(7) Negative flow control orifice

(9) Negative flow control orifice

(11) Return passage

(12) Negative flow control line

(13) Negative flow control line

(14) Idler pump

(15) Drive pump

(16) Pilot pump

Bucket control valve (NEUTRAL position)

(3) Center bypass passage

(1) Center bypass passage

(2) Return line

(3) Center bypass passage

(5) relief valve (negative flow control)

(6) relief valve (negative flow control)

(7) Negative flow control orifice

(9) Negative flow control orifice

(11) Return passage

(12) Negative flow control line

(13) Negative flow control line

(14) Idler pump

(15) Drive pump

(16) Pilot pump

Bucket control valve (BUCKET CLOSE position)

(3) Center bypass passage

Fine Control Operation

Bucket control valve (fine control)

(3) Center bypass passage

(21) Parallel feeder passage

(P) Pilot pressure

Relief Valve (Negative Flow Control)

(2) Return line

(3) Center bypass passage

(5) Relief valve for negative flow control

(9) Negative flow control orifice

(11) Return passage

(19) Relief valve body

(PN) Negative flow control pressure

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