SHORT AND LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:

1 Write down the drawbacks of Carnot cycle

2 Compare Carnot and Rankine cycles?
3 Discuss about Reheat Rankine cycle?
4 Discuss about Ideal Regenerative Rankine cycle?
5 Discuss about open feed water heaters?
6 Discuss about closed feed water heaters?
7 Discuss about reheat with Regeneration ?
8 Discuss about efficiencies of Rankine cycle?
9 Discuss about Carnotisation of rankine cycle?
10 Discuss about characteristics of ideal fluid?
11 Discuss about co generation?
12 Discuss about efficiencies of rankine cycle?
13 Discuss about binary vapour power cycle?
14 Discuss about closed and open Brayton cycle?
15 Differentiate between Closed and open Brayton cycles?
16 What are the losses of steam power plant?
17 What are the losses of Brayton cycle?
18 Discuss about reheat, intercooler and regenerative Braton cycle?
19 Derive the equation for maximum work for optimum pressure ratio for Brayton cycle?
20 Discuss about regenerative Brayton cycle?

21 What is meant by degree of reaction?

22 Derive the equation for efficiency of Brayton cycle?
23 What is boiler? Discuss about requirements of good boiler?
24 Discuss about types of boilers?
25 Define chimney?
26 Define draught?
27 What do you understand about upersaturated flow in nozzle?
28 Derive the equation for height of chimney?
29 Discuss about convergent nozzle?
30 Discuss about convergent divergent nozzle?
31 Discuss about Lamont boiler?
32 Discuss about mountings and accessories of boilers?
33 Discuss about Lancashire Boiler?
34 Discuss about fire tube and water tube boilers?
35 Discuss about High pressure and low pressure Boilers?
36 Derive the equation for speed of sound?
37 Discuss about stagnation properties?
38 Write about chocking in convergent nozzle?
39 Write about shock in convergent divergent nozzle?
40 What is ram effect?
41 What is working principle of jet propulsion in rocket engines?
42 Write about jet engine?
43 Write about turbo propulsion engine?
44 What are condensers?
45 What are the functions of condensers?
46 Discuss about jet condensers?
47 Discuss about surface condensers?
48 Discuss about cooling towers?
49 Discuss about super saturated flow through nozzle?
50 Discuss about Cochran boiler?
51 Discuss about babcock Wilcox Boiler?
52 What is the working principle of steam turbine?
53 Derive the efficiency of impulse steam turbine?
54 Derive the efficiency of reaction turbine?
55 What is degree of reaction?
56 Discuss about compounding of steam turbines?
57 What is reheat factor?
58 What are toping and bottoming cycle?
59 Prove that Inefficiency of combined cycle is product of inefficiency of individual cycle?
60 What is back pressure turbine? And where it is used?
61 What is passout turbine? When it is used?
62 What are the four basic components of steam power plant?
63 What are applications of Brayton cycle?
64 Compare the open and closed Brayton cycles?
65 A gas turbine is supplied with gas at 5 bar and 1000 K and expands it adiabatically to 1 bar.
The mean specific heat at constant pressure and constant volume are 1.0425 kJ/kg K and
0.7662 kJ/kg K respectively. (i) Draw the temperature-entropy diagram to represent the
processes of the simple gas turbine system. (ii) Calculate the power developed in kW per kg of
gas per second and the exhaust gas temperature
66 In a gas turbine plant working on Brayton cycle, the air at inlet is 27°C, 0.1 MPa. The pressure
ratio is 6.25 and the maximum temperature is 800°C. The turbine and compressor efficiencies
are each 80%. Find compressor work, turbine work, heat supplied, cycle efficiency and turbine
 exhaust temperature. Mass of air may be considered as 1 kg. Draw T-s diagram.
67 A turbine is supplied with steam at a pressure of 32 bar and a temperature of 410°C. The steam
then expands isentropically to a pressure of 0.08 bar. Find the dryness fraction at the end of
expansion and thermal efficiency of the cycle. If the steam is reheated at 5.5 bar to a
temperature of 395°C and then expanded isentropically to a pressure of 0.08 bar, what will be
the dryness fraction and thermal efficiency of the cycle ?
68 A binary vapour cycle operates on mercury and steam. Standard mercury vapour at 4.5 bar is
supplied to the mercury turbine, from which it exhausts at 0.04 bar. The mercury condenser
generates saturated steam at 15 bar which is expanded in a steam turbine to 0.04 bar. (i)
Determine the overall efficiency of the cycle.
69 Steam at a pressure of 20 bar and 250°C enters a turbine and leaves it finally at a pressure of
0.05 bar. Steam is bled off at pressures of 5.0, 1.5 and 0.3 bar. Assuming (i) that the condensate
is heated in each heater upto the saturation temperature of the steam in that heater, (ii) that the
drain water from each heater is cascaded through a trap into the next heater on the low pressure
side of it, (iii) that the combined drains from the heater operating at 0.3 bar are cooled in a
drain cooler to condenser temperature, calculate Mass of bled steam for each heater per kg of
steam entering the turbine
70 Steam is supplied to a turbine at 30 bar and 350°C. The turbine exhaust pressure is 0.08 bar.
The main condensate is heated regeneratively in two stages by steam bled from the turbine at 5
bar and 1.0 bar respectively. Calculate masses of steam bled off at each pressure per kg of
steam entering the turbine and the theoretical thermal efficiency of the cycle
71 In a single-heater regenerative cycle the steam enters the turbine at 30 bar, 400°C and the
exhaust pressure is 0.10 bar. The feed water heater is a direct contact type which operates at 5
bar. Find : (i) The efficiency and the steam rate of the cycle.
72 A steam turbine is fed with steam having an enthalpy of 3100 kJ/kg. It moves out of the turbine
with an enthalpy of 2100 kJ/kg. Feed heating is done at a pressure of 3.2 bar with steam
enthalpy of 2500 kJ/kg. The condensate from a condenser with an enthalpy of 125 kJ/kg enters
into the feed heater. The quantity of bled steam is 11200 kg/h. Find the power developed by the
turbine. Assume that the water leaving the feed heater is saturated liquid at 3.2 bar and the
heater is direct mixing type. Neglect pump work.
73 During a test on steam nozzle steam impinges a stationary flat plate which is perpendicular to
the direction of flow and the force on the plate is measured. The force is found to be 350 N
when dry saturated steam at 8 bar is expanded to 1 bar. Throat cross-section area is 5 cm2 and
exit area is such that the complete expansion is achieved under these conditions. Determine (i)
the discharge at throat.
74 An impulse turbine of 1 MW has steam entering at 20 bar and 300C and steam consumption of
8 kg per kW hour. Steam leaves at 0.2 bar and 10% of total heat drop is lost in overcoming
friction in diverging portion of nozzle. If throat diameter of each nozzle is 1 cm then determine
(i) the number of nozzles required (ii) exit diameter of each nozzle.
75 What is vaccum efficiency?
76 What is function of deaerator?
78 What is the benefit of rankine cycle over otto cycle?
79 What is advantage of braton over otto and rankine cycle?
80 What is effect of irreversibilities in turbine and compressor?

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Rankine cycle efficiency of a good steam power plant may be in the range of

(a) 15 to 20% (b) 35 to 45% (c) 70 to 80% (d) 90 to 95% .

2. Inefficiency of binary vapour cycle is ___ of individual cycles

(a) product (b) sum (c) subtract (d) dividing

3. Regenerative heating i.e., bleeding steam to heat feed water to boiler

(a) decreases thermal efficiency of the cycle
(b) increases thermal efficiency of the cycle
(c) does not affect thermal efficiency of the cycle
(d) may increase or decrease thermal efficiency of the cycle depending upon the point of extraction of
steam.

4. What is the actual turbine inlet temperature in Rankine cycle?

a) 750C b) 800C c) 550C d) 1150C

5. What is the unit of Heat rate?

a) kJ/KW b) KW/kJ c) kJ d) KW

6 . The diameter of internal flue tubes of a Lancashire boiler is _____that of its shell
(A) Less than half (C) more than one
(B) In between one and half (D) None

7. The pressure range for fire tube boilers is____

(A) 60 bar (B) 80 bar (C) 40 bar (D) 20 bar

8. Reheat factor is in the range of_____-

(A) Less than one (B) Equal to one (C) more than one

9. There is enthalpy drop only in ___blades incase of impulse turbine

(A) Moving (B) Nozzles (C) Rotating (D) None

10. In a reaction turbine, the degree of reaction is zero, then there is ____
(A) No heat drop in moving blades
(B) No heat drop in fixed blades
(C) Maximum heat drop in fixed blades
(D) Maximum heatdrop in moving blade

11. With the use of reheat Rankine cycle

(A) Efficiency and workoutput increases
(B) Efficiency decreases and workoutput increases
(C) Effficiency and workoutput decreases
(D) Efficiencyincreases and workoutput decreases

12.With use of regeneration in rankine cycle

 (A) Efficiency and workoutput increases
(B) Efficiency decreases and workoutput increases
(C) Effficiency and workoutput decreases
(D) Efficiencyincreases and workoutput decreases

13.Maximum efficiency occurs in which type of powerplant

(A) Sulpur steam cycle
(B) Mercury steam cycle
(C) Mercury sulpur steam cycle
(D) Mercury sulphur cycle

14.With the use of Reheat in brayton cycle

(A) Efficiency and workoutput increases
(B) Efficiency decreases and workoutput increases
(C) Effficiency and workoutput decreases
(D) Efficiencyincreases and workoutput decreases

14.With the use of regeneration in brayton cycle

(A) Efficiency and workoutput increases
(B) Efficiency decreases and workoutput increases
(C) Effficiency and workoutput decreases
(D) Efficiencyincreases and workoutput decreases

15. With the use of reheat intercooling regeneration brayton cycle

(A) Efficiency and workoutput increases
(B) Efficiency decreases and workoutput increases
(C) Effficiency and workoutput decreases
(D) Efficiencyincreases and workoutput decreases

16.Cooling towers are used for

(A) To cool hot water
(B) To cool steam
(C) To heat the steam
(D) To heat water

17.Supersaturated flow occurs in

(A) Turbines’ (B) Nozzles (C) Boilers (D) condenser

18.Draught works on the principle of

(A) Hydrostatic law (B) Pascals law (C) Avagadros law

19.Degree of reaction for impulse turbine is

(A) zero (B) 0.25 (C)0.5 (D) 0.9

20.  A  gas turbine cycle with infinitely large number of stages during compression and       

expansion approaches
a. Stirling cycle      b. Atkinson cycle     c. Ericsson cycle      d. Brayton cycle

21. In a convergentdivergent nozzle, normal shock can generally occur
a. along divergent portion and throat             b. along the convergent portion
c. throat                                                          d. near the inlet
 22.  The maximum pressure ratio for brayton cycle will be
(A) Square root of minimum pressure and maximum pressure  
(B) Sum of minimum pressure and maximum pressure
            (C)Multiplication of minimum pressure and maximum pressure    

23. Rankine cycle efficiency of a good steam power plant may be in the range of
(A) 15 to 20% (B) 35 to 45% (C) 70 to 80% (D) 90 to 95% .

24. Rankine cycle operating on low pressure limit of p1 and high pressure limit of p2
(A) has higher thermal efficiency than the Carnot cycle operating between same pressure limits
(B) has lower thermal efficiency than Carnot cycle operating between same pressure limits
(C) has same thermal efficiency as Carnot cycle operating between same pressure limits
(D) may be more or less depending upon the magnitudes of p1 and p2 .

25. Rankine efficiency of a steam power plant

(A) improves in summer as compared to that in winter
(B) improves in winter as compared to that in summer
(C) is unaffected by climatic conditions
(D) none of the above.

26. Rankine cycle comprises of

(A) two isentropic processes and two constant volume processes
(B) two isentropic processes and two constant pressure processes 
    (C) two isothermal processes and two constant pressure processes
(D) none of the above.

27. Regenerative cycle thermal efficiency

(A) is always greater than simple Rankine thermal efficiency
(B) is greater than simple Rankine cycle thermal efficiency only when steam is bled at particular
pressure
(C) is same as simple Rankine cycle thermal efficiency
(D) is always less than simple Rankine cycle thermal efficiency.

28. In a regenerative feed heating cycle, the optimum value of the fraction of steam extracted for feed
heating
(A) decreases with increase in Rankine cycle efficiency
(B) increases with increase in Rankine cycle efficiency
(C) is unaffected by increase in Rankine cycle efficiency
(D) none of the above.

29. In a regenerative feed heating cycle, the greatest economy is affected

(A) when steam is extracted from only one suitable point of steam turbine
(B) when steam is extracted from several places in different stages of steam turbine
(C) when steam is extracted only from the last stage of steam turbine
(D) when steam is extracted only from the first stage of steam turbine.

30. The maximum percentage gain in Regenerative feed heating cycle thermal efficiency
(A) increases with number of feed heaters increasing
(B) decreases with number of feed heaters increasing
(C) remains same unaffected by number of feed heaters
(D) none of the above.

31.The work ratio of closed cycle gas turbine plant depends upon
(A) pressure ratio of the cycle and specific heat ratio
(B) temperature ratio of the cycle and specific heat ratio
(C) pressure ratio, temperature ratio and specific heat ratio
(D) only on pressure ratio.

32. Thermal efficiency of closed cycle gas turbine plant increases by

(A) reheating (B) intercooling (C) regenerator (D) all of the above.

33. With the increase in pressure ratio thermal efficiency of a simple gas turbine plant with fixed turbine
inlet temperature
(A) decreases (B) increases (C) first increases and then decreases (D) first decreases and then increases.

34. The thermal efficiency of a gas turbine cycle with ideal regenerative heat exchanger is
(A) equal to work ratio (B) is less than work ratio (C) is more than work ratio (D) unpredictable.

35. In a two stage gas turbine plant reheating after first stage
(a) decreases thermal efficiency (b) increases thermal efficiency (c) does not effect thermal efficiency
(d) none of the above.

36. In a two stage gas turbine plant, reheating after first stage
(A) increases work ratio (B) decreases work ratio (C) does not affect work ratio (D) none of the above.

37. In a two stage gas turbine plant, with intercooling and reheating
(A) both work ratio and thermal efficiency improve
(B) work ratio improves but thermal efficiency decreases
(C) thermal efficiency improves but work ratio decreases
(D) both work ratio and thermal efficiency decrease.

38. For a jet propulsion unit, ideally the compressor work and turbine work are
(A) equal (B) unequal (C) not related to each other (D) unpredictable.

39. The diameter of internal flue tubes of a Lancashire boiler is _____that of its shell
(A) Less than half (B) more than one
(C) In between one and half (D) None

40. The pressure range for fire tube boilers is____

(A) 60 bar (B) 80 bar (C) 40 bar (D) 20 bar

41. Reheat factor is in the range of_____-

(A) Less than one (B) Equal to one (C) more than one

42. There is enthalpy drop only in ___blades incase of impulse turbine

(A) Moving (B) Nozzles (C) Rotating (D) None

43. In a reaction turbine, the degree of reaction is zero, then there is ____
(A) No heat drop in moving blades
(B) No heat drop in fixed blades
 (C) Maximum heat drop in fixed blades
(D) Maximum heat drop in moving blades

44. The operating pressure of stirling boiler____

(A) 60 bar (B) 120 bar (C) 200 bar (D) None

45. In nozzle, friction loss assumed to occur at__

(A)Inlet and throat (B) throat (C) outlet ( D) throat and outlet

46. The supersaturated flow as compared to stable flow,enthalpy drop

(A)Decreases (B) increases (C) unpredictable

47. Superheated Steam is expanding from 10 bar to 0.1 bar in convergent divergent nozzle,
what is pressure at throat ?Take index of expansion as 1.3
(A) 3.6 bar (B) 5 bar (C) 7 bar (D) 9 bar

48. The critical pressure ratio for dry saturated steam is__
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D) 4

49. The nozzle angle is generally in the range of an angle ___

(A) 10 (B) 7 (C) 14 (D) 5

50. Reheat factor is generally in the range of _____

(A) Less than 1 (B) greater than1 (C) equal to 1