Federal Board SSC-II Examination

Pakistan Studies Model Question Paper

(Curriculum 2006)
Section A
MCQ's Key
1.D 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.C

Section B
Q.2i. Why was 1973 Constitution called as Federal Constitution?
Ans. Pakistan is a federation consisted of four provinces, two autonomous units and one federal
capital territory. 1973 constitution is called a federal constitution as powers have been shared
between the federal government and the provinces. Relations between federation and
provinces have been defined in part v of the constitution.
ii. When and who introduced the devolution of power plan in Pakistan?
Ans. The devolution of power plan was introduced by former president Pervaiz Musharaf in
2000 with particular emphasis on local self -government. It was aimed at transferring
administrative and financial powers to the grassroot level.
iii. Define the "Enlightened Moderation".
Ans. Enlightened Moderation is the term coined by former president Pervaiz Musharaf. It
applies to practicing a moderate Islam. President Musharaf pointed out that moderation and
enlightenment have been the traits of the Islamic World since the times of
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
Iv. What is meant by University Education?
Ans. University Education commences after HigherSecondary Education. Universities in Pakistan
offer undergraduate, post graduate programs of studies in general and professional education.
This education includes the degrees of BS, MS, M.Phil. and Ph.D. etc.
v. Write down the names of six Central Asian States which got independence from USSR.
Ans. In 1991, six Central Asian States got independence from USSR:
1. Azerbaijan.
2. Tajikistan.
3. Turkmenistan.
4. Kazakhstan.
5. Kyrgyzstan
6. Uzbekistan.
vi. Write down any three major contributions of Pakistan towards world peace.
Ans. Pakistan's contribution towards peace keeping in the world is worth mentioning. Following
are the three major contributions of Pakistan in this regard.

• Pakistan sent its army to Congo, Bosnia and several other countries in the world for
restoring peace.
• Pakistan has always supported right of self-determination for the oppressed nations like
Kashmiris and Palestinians.
• Pakistan played an effective role in war against terror.
vii. What do you understand by Indus Waters Treaty?
Ans India and Pakistan had a dispute over the sharing of water rights to the Indus River and its
tributaries. In April of 1948, India cut water supplies in the canals irrigating the areas in
the vicinity of Lahore causing great damage to the ripe crops. To solve this issue, with
the cooperation of the World Bank, in 1960 both countries agreed to a treaty called the
Indus Waters Treaty. According to this treaty, Pakistan got the right of using the waters
of three western rivers (Jhelum, Indus, Chenab) while India got the right of three
eastern rivers ( Sutlej, Beas, Ravi ).
viii. How industries are important in economic development of a country?
Ans. Industries play very important role in the economic development of a country for example:

• Modern agriculture cannot be carried out without the help of mechanical equipment,
chemical fertilizers which needs strong industrial support.
• Processed goods earn more foreign exchange. Processing requires industrial setup.
• Balance of trade is achieved wit the help of industries.
ix. Write down any three basic objectives of Pakistan's Foreign Policy.
Ans. Following are the three basic objectives of Pakistan's Foreign Policy:
Territorial Sovereignty and Security:
Security of borders and preservation of sovereignty is the prime objective of our Foreign
Policy.
Protection of ideology of Pakistan:
Pakistan is an Ideological state with Islamic base. The stability of Pakistan is linked to the
protection of her ideology.
 Development of Economy:
Pakistan is a developing country. To develop her economy, promotion of free trade, free
economy and privatization is another important objective of our foreign policy.
x. Write down any three suggestions to increase the agricultural production of Pakistan.
Ans. Following steps are required to increase the agricultural production of Pakistan.

• Adoption of latest agricultural technologies i.e., use of modern machines.

• Enhancing good quality seed production, use of pesticides and excellent fertilizers.
• Improving agricultural research.
xi. Identify the three major features of Pakistan’s culture.
Ans. Culture marks the identity of a nation. Following are the major features of Pakistan's
Culture:
Religious Uniformity:
Pakistan came into existence to provide its people a system of life based on Islam. Islam is
the religion of majority of the people of Pakistan.
Cultural diversity:
Cultural diversity in the form of regional languages, dressed, food, etc. is an important
feature of Pakistan's culture.
Celebration of Urses:
Another important feature of our culture is the celebration of urses of the great saints like
Hazrat Data Ganj Baksh, Hazrat Shah Abdul Latif Bhatai.

Section C
Q.3 How did Pakistan emerge as nuclear power?
Ans. Pakistan acquired the status of a nuclear power in 1998. Nuclear capability is not an
easy thing to acquire. The process of becoming a nuclear power passes through various
stages Following are the important phases through which Pakistan emerged as a nuclear of
the world.
Setting up of nuclear power plant at Karachi:
When Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto came to power in 1971, he declaredthat atomic energy was
necessary for our progress and defense. Pakistan wanted atomic energy not for war or
destruction but for prosperity and development. To meet country's energy requirement, the
first atomic power plant was set up in Karachi in 1971. This was the first step towards the
Nuclear Pakistan.
India went nuclear:
India's first nuclear test in Rajasthan in 1974 sent a wave of insecurity throughout Pakistan.
Pakistan's nuclear program was its direct corollary. Hence Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto signed an
agreement with France for an atomic re-processing plant in 1976. Out of the total cost of forty
crore dollars for the plant, the installment of 10 crore dollars was paid. India, Russia, America
and other atomic powers did not appreciate this. They pressurized France, due to which France
refused to provide the plant to Pakistan.
Uranium enrichment:
Despitethe refusal of France, the successive governments continued the nuclear program under
Dr. Abdul Qadir Khan's supervision. He announced that Pakistan had obtained the technique of
uranium enrichment in 1984.
Propaganda against Pakistan:
When Pakistan acquired uranium enrichment capability, the enemies of Pakistan launched the
propaganda against its nuclear program. It was blamed that Pakistan could use the atomic
weapons through American F-16 and French aircrafts Mirage which had access to main cities of
India. Dr Qadir Khan claimed in 1989 that Pakistan had gained the ability to build an atomic
bomb. Due to anti- Pakistan propaganda, the Pressler Amendment was imposed on Pakistan by
America.
Pakistan acquired the status of nuclear power:
In 1998, India conducted five atomic tests in Pokhran (Rajasthan) on 11th May 1998 to establish
its atomic supremacy in the region. President Bill Clinton of America forced Mian Muhammad
Nawaz Sharif not to reply to the Indian aggression and threatened to curtail economic aid to
Pakistan if it conducted blasts in return. Mian Muhammad Nawaz Shariff refused to accept
Bill Clinton's threat. In spite of international pressure, government demonstrated courage and
conducted seven blasts in Chaghi Hills of Baluchistan. Hence Pakistan became the worlds
seventh and the Islamic world’s first atomic power.
Conclusion:
The scientistsof Pakistan with the cooperation of the successive governments succeeded in
establishing pale as the 7th nuclear world power after US, UK, China, Russia, France and India.
This has corrected the balance of power in south Asia. Thus, the nuclear capability of Pakistan is
a guarantee of its sovereignty and security.
Q.4 Analyze the Pakistan’s basic social problems.
Ans. Pakistan is an ideological state. It was created to set up a system based upon social justice,
equality and fair play- the real spirit of Islam. Unfortunately, our society is suffering from
several problems as a result of deviation from our basic ideology. Following are the major social
problems of Pakistan:
Inflation:
The fast-growing population of Pakistan is showing negative effects on its per capita income.
Opportunities for savings are getting fewer and the standard of living is falling.
Disorderly state of health and cleanliness:
Many precious lives are lost each year due to the disorderly state of health and cleanliness
despite scientific development, people lack awareness of the rules of good health.
Illiteracy and ignorance:
Illiteracy and ignorance are major problems faced by Pakistan. People cannot differentiate
between right and wrong due to illiteracy and lack of quality education. Therefore, they cannot
play important development of the country.
Weak economy:
Lowering down of agriculture production, slow pace of industrialization and the trade deficit
are making our economy weak. A lot of people are unemployed because of the country’s weak
economy. This is leading to a turmoil in the country.
Poverty:
There is a lack of appropriate employment opportunities and due to poverty, the standard of
living of people is low. For the eradication of poverty, it is important that new employment
opportunities should be created, and resources should be improved.
Unequal distribution of wealth:
Unequal distribution of wealth leads to the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer. This
is creating many problems like increasing the sense of deprivation in Pakistan.
Conclusion:
On account of above-mentioned problems, our society is passing through a critical phase. There
is an urgent need to work for the solutions of our social problems. It is very important for our
national integration and prosperity. Responsibility of correcting the social order lies on both-
the government and the people.
Q.5 Narrate the relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan.
Ans. Pakistan shares its longest boundary with Afghanistan lying in the northwest. People of
both countries have old religious, historical, cultural, racial and geographical relations.
Following are the important aspects of Pak-Afghan ties.
Delay in establishing diplomatic ties:
Pakistan had no pleasant relations with Afghanistan in the very beginning. The mutually
accepted Durand Line was made controversial by Afghan government at the creation of
Pakistan. Afghanistan recognized Pakistan very late and diplomatic relations were developed in
February 1948.
Dispute on Durand line:
Foreign Secretary Government of India, Sir Henry Mortimer Durand, and Afghan king, Ameer
Abdul Rahman, signed an agreement for the permanent solution of the border issue in 1893. It
finalized the border lines. Afghanistan accepted the Durand line as its international border but
later on disputed the treaty.
Transit facility to Afghanistan:
Afghanistan is a land-locked country. It does not have access to the sea. Afghanistan was facing
difficulty in establishing trade relations with other countries. Keeping this situation in view,
Pakistan provided transit facilities to Afghanistan. Permission was accorded to transport goods
from and to the sea port of Karachi.
Russian invasion and arrival of Afghan refugees:
Relations between the two countries were strained after an army revolution in Afghanistan in
1978 and the Russian invasion in December 1979. Afghan government used the Russian army to
crush the opposition. Thirty lakh Afghans left their country and sought refuge in Pakistan.
Pakistan provided refuge to them for humanity and Islamic spirit.
The tragedy of World Trade Centre and US attack on Afghanistan:
Withdrawal of Russian troops from Afghanistan was followed by formation of Taliban
governments in Afghanistan. Later, the tragedy of world trade centre created strains in US-
Afghan ties. America attacked Afghanistan and Taliban government was removed. A new
government was appointed. Pakistan extended cooperation and gave financial aid for the
reconstruction on Afghanistan.
Departure of American troops from Afghanistan:
Departure of American troops from Afghanistan took place in August 2021. Taliban regained
their control over Afghanistan. Since then, Pakistan is trying her level best to solve the human
crisis in Afghanistan. In the recent past, Pakistan has hosted OIC meeting of foreign ministers of
Islamic countries to arrange financial assistance to solve the problem of economic crisis in
Afghanistan.
Conclusion:
There is a long history of Pak-Afghan relations. The major concerns of the bilateral relations are
preservation of sovereignty, security, connectivity, trade, peace and stability in this region.
Prosperity of both countries lie in promoting friendly ties.