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Practical Research 1
Quarter 3 – Module 4:
Qualitative Research vs.
Quantitative Research
Practical Research 1 – Grade 11
Quarter 3 – Module 4: Qualitative Research vs. Quantitative Research
First Edition, 2020

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Practical Research 1
Quarter 3 – Module 4:
Qualitative Research vs.
Quantitative Research
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to
use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress
while allowing them to manage their own learning at home.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different
activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be
reminded of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on
any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let’s Try This before moving on to the
other activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking
your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are
done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always
bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this
material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
Information about this ADM learner’s material
I. Objective: The learner demonstrates
Ia. Content Standard understanding of quantitative and
qualitative research.

The learner is able to use appropriate

Ib. Performance Standard
kinds of research in making decision.

Ic. Learning Competency The learner differentiates quantitative

from qualitative research.
(CS_RS11-IIIa-4)

Qualitative Research vs. Quantitative

II. Content / Topic
Research

Kumusta ka na?
You have completed the previous modules;
surely you now have an idea of what is research and its
importance. Congratulations. Let’s keep going and
continue learning more details about research!
In this module, we will be differentiating
qualitative and quantitative researches. This means that
we have to first describe and understand the
characteristics of both.
Are you ready?

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 At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. describe the characteristics of qualitative
research
2. describe the characteristics of quantitative
research
3. differentiate qualitative from quantitative
studies.

Introduction
An adage goes “The quality of the friends you have matter more than
the quantity”. This means that having great kinds of friends, those that you
can rely on, is more important than having numerous friends whom you
cannot trust. Don’t you agree?
In Practical Research, the terms quality and quantity are also
significant. In the previous modules, you have learned that research is
systematic. Therefore, it follows approaches that guides the researcher on
the methods and procedure that s/he needs to do. In the works of Creswell
(2014), there are two main types of research according to approaches which
are: Qualitative and Quantitative.
The word qualitative comes from the word quality, which is often
associated with terms attributes, characteristics, and descriptions. Quality is
determined by answering the question: What kind?
Meanwhile, quantitative comes from the word quantity which is linked
to the words amount, numbers, and statistics. Quantity usually answers the
questions: How much? or How many?
Understanding the types of research will guide you to the approaches
and procedures that you need to do in your research. This module will help
you learn more about it. So are you ready? An activity awaits on the next
page. Let’s go!

Let us begin, learners!

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(Activity 1) IDENTIFICATION
Instruction: Read the questions related to the picture and determine
whether the possible answers are words or numbers. On the
space provided, write W for words, and N for numbers.

Here is a picture of the meryenda food cart

of Mang Danny. Every day you would see
him outside your school, and some
questions suddenly came into your head.

_____ 1. Why do students flock Mang Danny’s cart every afternoon although
there are still other meryenda carts?
_____ 2. What could be the average daily income of street vendors?
_____ 3. What are the challenges that Mang Danny experience as a street
food vendor?
_____ 4. How did Filipinos start consuming fried and barbequed isaw?
_____ 5. How many sticks of isaw and ‘adidas’ are sold in a day?
_____ 6. How much is the increase in Mang Danny’s income if he would have
meryenda bundles like those in fastfood?

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 Good job on completing the task! How was it?
Did you find it easy? Were you able to get a good
score?
Congratulations! You have already gained an
understanding on one defining characteristic
between qualitative and quantitative research.
However, there are still more characteristics that we
have to unravel.
Are you ready? Let’s continue and read on!

(Activity 2)
Guide Questions:

1. Which items would have numbers as answers?

____________________________________

2. Which items would have words as answers?

____________________________________

3. What difference did you realize among the answers of the given
items?
____________________________________

Lesson: Characteristics of Qualitative and

Quantitative Research

According to Stake (1995 as cited in Antwi & Kasim, 2015), there are
three major differences in qualitative and quantitative research: (1) the
explanation of the purpose of the inquiry, (2) personal and impersonal role
of the research, and (3) the knowledge discovered and constructed.

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Qualitative Research
Qualitative research is a type of educational research in wherein a
researcher aims to explore and understand an individual or a group
ascribed to a social problem in multiple perspectives. It is exploratory and
scientific in nature.
The research process involves asking broad and general questions and
getting a holistic view of the situation. People’s experiences and perspectives
are taken into account through observation, in-depth interviews, or focus
group discussion. The usual data collected are words and pictures, which
are formed into themes and narratives.
Often times, when little is known about the topic and it needs to be
understood better, qualitative research is utilized. (Frankael & Wallen, 2003
as cited in Buensuceso et al., 2016, & Creswell, 2014)

Quantitative Research
Quantitative research is an educational research wherein the
researcher aims to measure, to test, or to establish relationships. It is a
confirmatory scientific in nature, wherein a hypothesis, a scientific guess, is
tested.
The research process involves collection of numerical data from
surveys, tests, or experiments about the variables (the research elements).
The results are analyzed using statistical techniques. Moreover, as the
researcher has a very specific inquiry, the research instruments would yield
a very specific and objective result. (Frankael & Wallen, 2003 as cited in
Buensuceso et. al., 2016, & Cresswell, 2014)
The result of a quantitative research can create generalizations and
confirmation of a theory.
The table below presents a comparison of more characteristics
between the two.

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 Sources: Frankael & Wallen, 2003 as cited in Buensuceso et. al., 2016 and Antwi & Kasim, 201

You have read the characteristics of qualitative

and quantitative research. You have also understood
the aspects that they differ from one another.

Do you want to know if you have understood

your reading well? Continue to the next page and
complete to the activity. Good luck!

(Activity 3) MAKING A COMPARISON

Direction: Read the items below and answer the questions that follow. It will
guide you to determine the appropriate approach to use. Put a
check mark on the appropriate boxes. Look at item no. 1 as your
example.

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 Congratulations! You’re doing great so far.

1. Qualitative research is a study that focuses on in-depth

description or explanation of problems using words or
pictures.
2. Quantitative research is a study that aims to describe, find
relationship, and/or make comparison about problems using
numerical data.
3. The main differences between the two approaches are (1) the
purpose the research and (2) types of data it would need: qualitative
focuses on in-depth description with words and/or pictures as data,
whereas quantitative focuses on description of relationships and/ or
making comparison with numbers or statistics as data.

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(Activity 4) MULTIPLE CHOICE
Instruction: Read the questions below and write the best answer in your
answer sheet.
1. If quantitative research would need numbers as data, what would
qualitative research need?
a. Statistics
b. Words
c. Formula
d. Numbers
2. When processing the collected data, qualitative research utilizes
thematic analysis and tries to get patterns. What should be done if it is
quantitative?
a. Find similarities
b. Apply thematic analysis
c. Use statistical tools
d. Apply a, b, and c
3. When a researcher wants to apply quantitative approaches, he could use
questionnaires. Among the choices, which is the most appropriate to use
if qualitative is employed?
a. Survey
b. Checklist
c. Scales
d. Interview
4. Which of the statements is true about the research purpose of the two
approaches?
a. When the purpose is to explain deeply a problem, quantitative
approach is best to use.
b. When the purpose is to measure changes, qualitative approach is
best to use.
c. When the purpose is to provide a picture of unknown, quantitative is

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 best to use.
d. When the purpose is to explore a limited knowledge on a problem,
qualitative research is best to use.
5. Which statement explains a difference between qualitative and
quantitative research?
a. Qualitative research explains cause and effect relationship while
quantitative explains numerical data.
b. Quantitative research explains cause and effect relationship while
qualitative explains numerical data.
c. Qualitative research explains cause and effect relationship, while
quantitative gives subjective explanation.
d. Quantitative explains cause and effect relationship while qualitative
gives subjective explanation.
6. What type of research instrument is better to use if the researcher plans
to have a qualitative study about the commuters’ perception on jeepney
phase out?
a. A questionnaire because he needs numerical data
b. An observation checklist because he needs many respondents
c. An interview because he needs verbal descriptions of their ideas
d. A picture because he needs to show the commuters actions vividly
7. If the researcher wants to narrate the history of an indigenous tribe in
Calinan, what approach should be applied?
a. The researcher should have qualitative research should be applied to
clearly present the experiences of the tribe.
b. The researcher should have qualitative research should be applied
since pictures will best explain history.
c. The researcher should have quantitative research should be applied
to understand differences about the tribes.
d. The researcher should have quantitative research should be applied
since history is about dates and numbers.
8. Which approach should a researcher employ if his/her goal is to explain
a relationship between leadership skills and emotional intelligence?
a. Qualitative study is best for the research goal because it aims to
explain.
b. Qualitative study is best for the research because it is about

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 emotions.
c. Quantitative study is best for the research because there are two
variables/elements to be discussed
d. Quantitative study is best for the research because the purpose of the
study is to establish a relationship.
9. One researcher decided that he wants to measure the effectiveness of
electric signboards for attracting customers in a carwash. What research
approach should he utilize?
a. He should use qualitative because he needs to interview customers.
b. He should use quantitative because he needs to count the number of
customers.
c. He should use qualitative because it is about explanation of the
signboards
d. He should use quantitative because it is about the effect of the
signboards.
10. What is the better research approach if you plan to tell a story of a
street vendor’s life? Why?
a. Qualitative research should be the approach of the study because it
wants to explain something not very common.
b. Qualitative research should be the approach of the study because it
needs pictures and words to better tell a story.
c. Qualitative research should be the approach of the study because it
needs to test the known hypothesis.
d. Qualitative research should be the approach of the study because it
will be able to make a generalization with the result.

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Let’s Do This
Let’s Test Ourselves
1. B Let Us Try
2. C
3. D 1. W
4. D 2. N
5. D 3. W
6. C 4. W
7. A 5. N
8. D 6. N
9. D
10. A
Answer Key
References

Buensuceso, D. B., Dacanay, D. E., Manalo, G.A., San Gabriel, N.M. (2016).
Practical research 1 teachers’s guide. (1st.ed.). Lexicon Press Inc.

Antwi, S.K. & Kasim, H. (2015). Qualitative and quantitative research

paradigms in business research: A philosophical reflection.
ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/295087782

Creswell, J. (2014). Research design qualitative, quantitative and mixed

methods approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications Inc.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Davao City Division

E. Quirino Avenue, Davao City

Telephone: (082) 227 4762

Email Address: lrms.davaocity@deped.gov.ph

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