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    CASE STUDY: 3.1 Airport Security and Aircraft Hijacking: A Long History

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    Carl Reyes
    Airplane hijackings have occurred for decades around the world, with increasing frequency between 1958 and 1967. Major incidents include the hijacking of El Al Airlines in 1968 and Lufthansa Flight 181 in 1977. The deadliest incidents were the crash of a Malaysian airliner in 1977 that killed 100 and the bombing of Air India Flight 182 in 1985 that killed 329. After each hijacking, aviation security was strengthened, such as screening machines and locked cockpit doors. However, the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001, where planes were hijacked and crashed into buildings, significantly changed security with stringent checks of all passengers and carry-on luggage.

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    CASE STUDY: 3.1 Airport Security and Aircraft Hijacking: A Long History

    Uploaded by

    Carl Reyes
    121 views2 pages
    Airplane hijackings have occurred for decades around the world, with increasing frequency between 1958 and 1967. Major incidents include the hijacking of El Al Airlines in 1968 and Lufthansa Flight 181 in 1977. The deadliest incidents were the crash of a Malaysian airliner in 1977 that killed 100 and the bombing of Air India Flight 182 in 1985 that killed 329. After each hijacking, aviation security was strengthened, such as screening machines and locked cockpit doors. However, the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001, where planes were hijacked and crashed into buildings, significantly changed security with stringent checks of all passengers and carry-on luggage.

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    AIR-TRANSPORTATION-CASE-STUDY

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    Airplane hijackings have occurred for decades around the world, with increasing frequency between 1958 and 1967. Major incidents include the hijacking of El Al Airlines in 1968 and Lufthansa Flight 181 in 1977. The deadliest incidents were the crash of a Malaysian airliner in 1977 that killed 100 and the bombing of Air India Flight 182 in 1985 that killed 329. After each hijacking, aviation security was strengthened, such as screening machines and locked cockpit doors. However, the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001, where planes were hijacked and crashed into buildings, significantly changed security with stringent checks of all passengers and carry-on luggage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    121 views2 pages

    CASE STUDY: 3.1 Airport Security and Aircraft Hijacking: A Long History

    Uploaded by

    Carl Reyes
    Airplane hijackings have occurred for decades around the world, with increasing frequency between 1958 and 1967. Major incidents include the hijacking of El Al Airlines in 1968 and Lufthansa Flight 181 in 1977. The deadliest incidents were the crash of a Malaysian airliner in 1977 that killed 100 and the bombing of Air India Flight 182 in 1985 that killed 329. After each hijacking, aviation security was strengthened, such as screening machines and locked cockpit doors. However, the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001, where planes were hijacked and crashed into buildings, significantly changed security with stringent checks of all passengers and carry-on luggage.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    CASE STUDY: 3.

    1 Airport security and aircraft hijacking: A long history

    Airport security and aircraft hijacking: a long history

                    Certainly it’s not a new phenomenon: aircraft hijacking began many decades ago. The
    first reported incident took place on 21 February 1931, in Arequipa, Peru when Byron Rickards
    (USA) was flying a Ford Tri-motor from Lima to Arequipa. Upon landing, he was surrounded by a
    group of armed people belonging to a revolutionary group, but later he was freed.
    Subsequently, hijacking of aircraft has turned into a horrifying reality for the industry, which has
    killed many people over the intervening years. It’s not restricted to any region – it happens in all
    corners of the world. The September 11 attacks in the US alone caused the death of almost
    3,000 people.

                    In 1948, a flight was on its way from Macau to Hong Kong when it was hijacked, killing
    all 25 people who were on board when the flight crashed into the Pacific Ocean. Another serious
    hijacking event took place in 1968. PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine) followers
    hijacked Flight 426 of El Al Airlines of Israel which was flying from London to Rome. Every
    hostage was released at different points. Hijacking became a serious issue as the number of
    aircraft hijacked began increasing. Between 1958 and 1967, almost 50 aircraft were hijacked. In
    1977, Lufthansa Flight 181 was hijacked, again by PFLP supporters. All hostages were saved,
    while two of the hijackers were killed during the rescue operation. A similar incident occurred in
    1976 when two PFLP supporters and two members of the German Revolutionary Cells hijacked
    in midair Air France Flight 139 from Athens. The hijackers’ demands were political, including
    releasing imprisoned supporters. After a commando operation, 105 hostages were freed.

              In 1977, a Malaysian aircraft was hijacked. The plane crashed in Kampong Ladang killing
    seven crew members and 93 passengers. In 1985, Air India Flight 182 was hijacked and the plane
    went down after a planted bomb exploded, killing 329 passengers. In 1985, an Iraqi Airways
    flight was hijacked, and 60 people died, and in 1986, an Egypt Air flight was hijacked. Another
    major incident was the hijacking of Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961, which led to the deaths of 122
    people in 1996. And there have been many other deadly incidents in the history of commercial
    air transport.

               After every hijacking, the aviation sector has tried to improve security measures. By the
    1970s and 1980s, countries started to have stringent security checks before the commencement
    of each flight. In 1973, Cuba and the USA entered into an agreement to prosecute hijackers.
    Better scanning machines had been introduced by then. The number of hijacking incidents
    dropped as a result of such measures, though they found ways and means of getting around
    them. September 11th was the result of such efforts. On September 11, 2001, four commercial
    airline flights were hijacked and used in suicide attacks on major landmarks in New York City
    and Washington, DC. Boeing 767 aircraft (American Airlines and United Airlines) departed
    Boston’s Logan International Airport and were flown into the 110-storey buildings of World
    Trade Centre, resulting in the collapse of those buildings and the death of a large number of
    people. Simultaneously, the other hijacked flight of American Airlines departed Washington,
    DC’s Dulles Airport and was flown into a portion of the Pentagon, the headquarters of the US
    Department of Defense. Another flight was also hijacked but did not end up in the targeted
    destination. What set this hijacking apart was that the target of the hijackers was not just the
    passengers and crew on board, but other people on the ground. The attacks forced the airline
    industry to renew and strengthen its focus on security. Bulletproof and locked cockpit doors
    became standard on commercial passenger aircraft. Passengers could not enter the cockpit.
    Monitoring of cabins is also possible nowadays. Hand luggage and body checks became very
    stringent, with each and every passenger manually checked. The items one was permitted to
    carry in hand luggage were strictly limited. Despite having these stringent measures on aviation
    security in place, a few incidents have occurred in the intervening years.

    Read the case study carefully and answer the following questions:

    1. Discuss the changes in the focus of hijacking attempts since they began.

    2. Describe how security measures were improved over the last eight decades.

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