INTRODUCTION TO ARTS APPRECIATION peers.

There are many things in life that

ART you are unable to achieve.
 Art is derived from the Latin word “ARS” which  The reason is your self-confidence
means ABILITY or SKILL. which comes from a proper way of
 Art from the Italian word “ARTIS” which means dressing. When you dress smart, your
craftmanship, skill, mastery of form, confidence gets boosted up and you
inventiveness, and the associations that exist perform at your best.
bet. Form and ideas, between material and
technique.
 Art is the product of man’s need to express
himself. 3. Radiates Your Self-Worth
 The word art can refer to the visual arts,  Is dressing up well important? Yes, it is.
including painting, sculpture, architecture,  Your dressing style elevates your self-
photography, decorative arts, crafts, and other worth.
visual works that combine materials or forms.  The way you dress shows your hygienic
 We also use the word art in a more general habit and the level of care you take for
sense to encompass other forms of creative yourself. It is true that when you respect
activity, such as dance, drama, and music, or a person, you get respect in return.
even to describe skill in almost any activity,  The manner you dress helps you get
such as “the art of bread making” or “the art of respect from others.
travel.”  You cannot deny that a well-dressed
person gains more respect in society.
BASIC NEEDS
 food (including water), shelter and clothing. 4. Forms Good Impression
 Each of these items represents  Do people approach you? Do people
fundamentals that have kept humans alive show they are interested in you? Aside
from the dawn of time to today. While each from your good looks, it is your dressing
of these has changed and been adapted sense that attracts people.
over the millions of years humans thrived,  Your good dressing style makes a
the principles remain the same. positive impression on people.
 Your sense of dressing catches
THE ART OF DRESSING attention of several people.
“Your attire speaks volumes before you open your  Generally, people form a negative
mouth” impression about you when you do not
pay attention to your dress. Hence, you
Importance of Good Dressing Sense must always dress up properly and
1. Exudes Your Maturity neatly and make sure you invest some
 There will certainly be a difference time towards dressing well.
between a clumsy dresser and a well-
dressed man. 5. Uplifts Your Appearance
 Do you know that you project your  When you dress yourself in a wrinkled outfit,
maturity or immature behavior to a you look drab. But, when you wear a clean
certain extent by the way you dress? dress which is freshly ironed, you look more
 The way you dress in any event shows dashing and people notice you.
your level of maturity.  You do not have to spend bucks in cosmetic
 Selecting a right dress for you is creams in order to look good. Your
imperative, as it will reveal your sense of appearance gets uplifted with your decent
responsibility. sense of dressing.

2. Reflects Your Self-confidence THE ART OF TRAVEL

 You have been trying to crack a job  meet new friends
interview, but, you are being rejected by  learn about their culture
the interviewer every time you appear  food
for an interview. You are a  Visual Arts – Architecture and Sculpture
knowledgeable and good person, but  Aesthetics and Recreation
you are not being appreciated by your
ART
 The use of imagination to make things of Learning and Understanding
aesthetic significance, the technique involved,  Involve me and I understand
the theory involved, one of the fine arts, objects  Show me and I remember
made by creative artists.  Tell me and I forget
 The skillful, systematic arrangement or
adaptation of means for the attainment of some THE SUBJECT of ART
end, especially by human endeavor  The subject of ART is varied.
 The skill of creating something beautiful by  It is usually anything that is represented in the
drawing, painting or making it with your hands artwork like person, object, scene, or event.
 Tagalog: sining.
 Anything created by man for his own benefit 1. Representational or Objective Art
and satisfaction.  painting, sculpture, graphic arts, literature,
 ART is the skillful arrangement or composition and theatre arts, although some painting
of some common but significant qualities of and sculptures, music, and dance may or
nature such as colors, sounds, lines, may not have subjects.
movements, words, stones, wood, etc., to
express human feelings, emotions, or thoughts 2. Non-representational or Non-Objective
in a perfect meaningful and enjoyable way. Arts
 Artworks that have no resemblance to any
Common Essentials of Art real subjects, they do not represent
1. Art must be manmade anything and they are what they are.
2. Art must be creative, not imitative
3. Art must benefit and satisfy man make use FUNCTIONS/PURPOSES of ART
of art in practical life through artistic 1. Personal
principles, taste, and skill  Arts are vehicles for the artists'
4. Art is expressed through a certain medium expression of their feelings and ideas.
or material by which the artist The arts also serve as means of
communicates himself to his fellow. expression for us.
 Vehicles for the expression and
Out of the aesthetic experiences we derive from communication of feelings and ideas.
the arts, we may be influenced to change our ways  Therapeutic Value
and behaviors. They may transform us into highly-  Art offers the best insights into nature and
cultured, dignified, and respectable human beings. human nature so that we gain better
The arts may beautify humanity. understanding of ourselves and the world
around us.
HUMANITIES
 Is a set of discipline that includes grammar, 2. Aesthetic
philosophy, literature, history, and music.  Art educate the senses and sharpen our
 The term is derived from the Latin word perception of colors, forms, textures, sounds,
HUMANUS, which means HUMAN. rhythms and harmonies in our environment.
 Humanities concerns humanity.  Man becomes conscious of the beauty of
 It records or interprets man’s thinking, feeling, nature.
regrets, aspirations, failures and what he  Man benefits from his own work and from
supposed not to do in the world. those done by his fellowmen.
 Man learns to use, love, and preserve them
ART APPRECIATION for his enjoyment and satisfaction.
 It is the ability to interpret or understand man-
made arts and enjoy them either through actual 3. Utilitarian
and work-experience with art tools and  With the creation of various forms of art,
materials or possession of these works of art for man lives in comfort and happiness.
one’s admiration and satisfaction.  Satisfies physical needs for utilitarian
 It deals with learning or understanding and objects and structures.
creating arts and enjoying them.
4. Cultural
  Through the printed matter, art transmits f. Light lines – give the feeling of delicacy
and preserve skills and knowledge from and refinement.
one generation to another. g. Heavy lines – give the feeling of strength
and sturdiness.
5. Social h. Curved lines – suggest grace, feminity,
 One cannot conceive of a society without variation and movement.
art, for art is closely related to every i. Parallel lines – suggest equality.
aspect of social life.
o Advertisements, posters and billboards 2. FORM
 Religion capitalized the art in spreading  refers to the shape, structure and area of
faith and doctrines an object. Like line, it also represents the
 It seeks or tends to influence the collective feelings or thoughts of the artist. Form in
behavior of a people art varies in types, size and effect or
 It is created to be seen or used primarily in meaning.
public situations
 Through civic and graphic arts, man learns Types of Forms:
to love and help each other. International a. Regular (forms) – forms having definite
understanding and cooperation are shape. These include square, triangle,
fostered and nations become more unified, rectangle, circle and oblong.
friendly, cooperative, helpful, and
sympathetic. o Square – Its sides connote monotony
and lack in variation. This is the reason
ELEMENTS OF ARTS why in art it is not a good shape
Elements especially for border or boundary.
 (of visual art) refer to which the artist uses as o Circle – It suggests simplicity,
symbols (symbolic), pictures (pictorial), and an continuity and monotony.
expression to visualize and communicate his o Rectangle – It is a good shape for
variety of feelings and ideas. decorative and structural design. It
expresses stability, close set, dignity
1. LINE and uprightness.
 refers to the contour or outline of an o Triangle – It has the expression of
object. It also represents the edges of an repose and dignity.
object.
 As an element of art, it is always b. Natural (forms) – forms found in nature
associated with the emotional state of like the shapes of the leaves, animals,
man. trees, mountains and the human body.
 As man tries to express his feelings or
thoughts through lines in art, he usually c. Geometrical (forms) – forms with three-
finds the position of line which could best dimensions. These include prism,
represent his feelings or thoughts. pyramids, cones, cylinder, sphere and
cubes.
Types of Lines:
a. Straight lines – give the feeling of Forms according to Size:
simplicity, directness and sometimes a. Large forms – give the impression of
monotony. spaciousness and superiority.
b. Horizontal lines – express calmness, b. Small forms – suggest inferiority and
quietness, peace and repose.\ crowding.
c. Vertical lines – express dignity, stability,
majesty, uprightness, strength, life and 3. TEXTURE
reverence.  refers to the quality or character of the
d. Oblique, slant or diagonal lines – area or surface produced by the form.
indicate motion or action, support, stability  Its aesthetic value of texture lies first of all
and vulnerability. in the fact that it makes the gradation of
e. Broken lines – suggest disorder, color possible.
violence and power.  give a surface unevenness which causes
the color of the surface to be broken into
 gradations of light and shade giving it a  The secondary colors are GREEN
charm of its own. (yellow + blue), ORANGE (yellow + red)
and VIOLET (blue + red).
Types of Texture: o These are formed through the
a. Rough or Coarse textures – suggest combination of two primary
strength, endurance and cheapness. colors.
b. Smooth or Fine textures – imply  The tertiary colors are the
excellently finished, delicateness and combination of two secondary colors.
costliness. Violet + Orange = Russet
Orange + Green = Olive
4. VALUE Violet + Green = Slate
 refers to the amount of light, shade or
dark-and-light in an object.  The quaternary colors are mixture of
 Its aesthetic value lies on the reason that two tertiary colors.
subjects or objects of art are seen Russet + Olive = Buff
because of its presence. Slate + Russet= Plum
 Black, Gray, White Olive + Slate = Sage

5. COLOR  The intermediate or intermediary

 hues with their various values and colors are mixture of equal amounts of
intensities primary and secondary colors. These
 Color refers to the visual perception of light are yellow – orange, red-orange, red-
being reflected from a surface of an violet, blue-green, blue - violet and
artwork. In the most basic classification, yellow-green.
 Colors can be divided into three groups:
primary, secondary and tertiary.  The complementary or opposite
 Color refers to the quality or kind of light colors form a natural balance in the
that reflects from the surface of the object. color wheel.
o Example: red and green, blue and
The Three Properties of Color: orange and violet and yellow.
1. Hue
- is the dimension of color that gives Manner of Presenting Colors (Hues):
color its identity or name. 1. Color Wheel – manifests the primary,
- Color names such as red, yellow, blue secondary, intermediary as well as the
and others indicate the color complementary colors.
characteristic called hue. 2. Color Triangle – manifests the primary,
secondary, tertiary quaternary and the
2. Value intermediary colors as well. It can also
- denotes the lightness and darkness be a substitute to color wheel.
of a color.
- Colors can be made darker by making Colors and Their Effects:
the pigments thicker or adding black “A serious study of the symbolism of
or adding a little of its complement. colors will show the correct concept of
- Colors can be made lighter by adding color interpretation. This will also develop
water or oil or white. the proper application and use of colors in
everyday life.”
3. Intensity or Chroma
- denotes the brightness or dullness of a. Black – It is the darkest and the dullest
a color, its strength or weakness, its of the colors. It is only considered a
purity or impurity. color when mixed with other color. It
- A color can be made intense by adding suggests despair, gloom, death and
more pigment of the same hue, by mourning.
placing beside it its complement or b. Blue – It is the color of the sky and the
opposite or by surrounding it with the deep. It gives the impression of
same hue but of lower intensity. vastness and infinity. It is a symbol of
tranquility, calmness and peace.
 c. Gray – It gives the impression of  Space refers to the portion or area where
weight, solidity and neutrality. the piece stands. Both sculpture and
d. Green – It is the color of vegetation architecture occupy a space called
and still water. It is a symbol of growth, volume.
freshness and hope.
Volume – is a space provided for three-
e. Orange – It symbolizes deliciousness dimensional arts such as architecture and
and sweetness. sculpture. Volume is the space that is
f. Pink – It symbolizes love. organized, divided, or enclosed by height,
g. Red – It typifies fire, blood, danger, length and width.
festivity, bravery, war, passion, energy,
vitality and warmth.
h. Violet – It suggests shadows, 8. SUBJECT
mourning, penance, royalty and power.  In sculpture, the subject tells what the
i. White – It stands for simplicity, clarity, work is all about. Since art is an
purity, peace, cleanliness and expression of oneself, subject is the best
innocence. avenue where the sculptor can manifest
j. Yellow – It symbolizes life, joy, his emotions, his thoughts, love and
sunshine, cheerfulness, warmth, frustrations, victory and defeat.
splendor, royalty and hospitality.  Through the subject, the sculptor can also
k. Brown – It suggests humility and manifest his cry for change, justice,
confidence. affiliation and preferences.

6. PERSPECTIVE 9. MEDIUM
 deals with the effect of distance upon the  Diversity of materials and richness of the
appearance of objects, by means of which earth give a lucrative opportunity for a
the eye judges spatial relationship. sculptor to explore his art, although
 It enables us to perceive distance and to limitation may be cited on the availability
see the position of objects in space. and non-availability of materials in a
certain topography or setting.
Types of Perspective:  Common materials used are wood, metal,
1. Linear perspective – is the stone, clay, plastic and ice.
representation of an appearance of
distance by means of converging lines. 10. TEXTURE
This has to do with the direction of lines  Texture refers to the touch of the skin
and with the size of objects. against the surface or the body of a given
2. Aerial perspective – is the sculpture.
representation of relative distances of  It also refers to the interpretation given
objects by gradations of tone and color. both by the artist and the admirer towards
the piece of art.
7. SPACE  As an element of sculptor, texture is
 is the bounded or boundless “container” of always the prerogative of the artist.
collection of objects.
 In art, space is regarded as bounded by
and susceptible to aesthetic and
expressive organization.
 Since visual arts are also classified
according to their dimensions, space is
categorized into two according to the
visual art that will occupy it.

Plane – is a space limited only to painting

and other related arts, since they are two-
dimensional arts. Generally, they only
occupy a surface.
ORGANIZATION IN ART - However, there must be enough background
 Organization in art is seen or judged through its and space to the structure to give an effect of
design (in art). simplicity and dignity.

DESIGN IN ART Types of Decorative Design

 Design refers to the overall organizational 1. Naturalistic Design – exact
visual structure of the formal elements in a work replica of a natural form.
of art. It is also the proper arrangement of the (Ex. Statues/Sculptures)
different art elements in order to produce
something beautiful. 2. Conventional Design – result of
the impression (effect) of a
Two Categories of Design natural form.
1. Structural Design – refers to the (Ex. Framed Paintings, Photos
edifices, landmarks, towers and bridges and Tapestry)
which show strength and durability of
materials. 3. Geometric Design – produced
by the aid of mechanical
Examples: instruments.
 Basilica of the Black Nazarene a.k.a.
Quiapo Church in Manila 4. Abstract Design – uses
 The Manila Cathedral Intramuros, suggestions of natural objects.
Manila
 Manila Metropolitan Cathedral- Decorative design maybe applied
Basilica a.k.a. Manila Cathedral in as:
Intramuros  Center motif
 SPUP OLC  Corner motif
 Palacio Del Gobernador  Border motif
Intramuros, Manila  Over-all motif
 The Great Pyramid of Giza – was
the tallest structure in the world until PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
1221. With design, the most important factor is to execute
the principles in order to achieve beauty. These
Structural design requires the principles are rules or guides to help one put the
following: elements together to achieve beauty.
 Simplicity – in structural design is
manifested through direction, form, 1. HARMONY
and line (combination of two lines,  It is that which produces an impression of
forms and space). unity through the selection and arrangement
 Proportionality – in structural of consistent objects or ideas.
design, refers to the relationship of  It is the quality which unifies every part of an
forms or shapes. arrangement.
 Suitability (Functionality) – in  If there is harmony, there is order. Every
structural design, it refers to the orderly arrangement is harmonious.
materials to be used and to the
purpose it will serve. Five Aspects of Harmony:
  Harmony of lines and shapes
 Harmony of size
 Harmony of color
2. Decorative Design – is the surface  Harmony of idea
enrichment of a structural design.  Harmony of texture
- Its principal function is to enhance beauty of
the structural design. 2. BALANCE
- A decorative design must be simple,  It is a condition or quality which gives a
moderate and serve the purpose of the feeling of rest, repose, equilibrium or
structural design. stability.
 It is inherent in nature.
  There are many factors which contribute to a. By arrangement or grouping of
a sense of balance. These are position, objects – If objects are grouped
size, proportion, value, quality, shapes and together, the one to be emphasized
direction of all elements of the work of art. should be located at the center and
should be the biggest or brightest in
Types of Balance: color.
a. Formal/Symmetrical Balance – is
achieved by the use of identical b. By decoration – Objects which have
compositional units or objects on either decorations are better or more
side within a pictorial space. emphasized than those without them.
b. Informal/Asymmetrical Balance – is
the quality of stability in a composition in c. By Color Contrast
which the objects on one side differ from o Complementary colors: hues of
the other side and yet visually attracts greater intensities are more
attention with equal force. conspicuous than those having
lower intensities.
3. RHYTHM o The use of contrasting values
 It is the regular, uniform or related makes one value more dominant
movement made through the repetition of a than the other.
unit or motif.
 It is a visual movement in a design or d. By the use of plain background
arrangement. space– Simple decorations which are
placed against sufficient plain
Ways of Attaining Rhythm: background will be more emphatic than
a. Regular Rhythm – the repetition of when the background space is small.
a unit in a continuous succession
and at uniform or regular intervals. e. By the use of unusual lines, shapes,
b. Alternation or Contrast – the sizes or color – very extra-ordinary
repetition of large and small motifs figures or subjects tend to carry the eyes
and regular intervals. first to them.
c. Progression, Sequence or
Gradation of sizes – repetition of f. By action or movement – Dynamic
similar shapes or sizes in gradual illustrations usually attract more
sequences. attention than passive ones.
d. Line Motion or Movement –
repetition of line motif continuously 5. PROPORTION
with or without breaks.  It deals with the proper or significant relation
e. Radiation – repetition of a motif between two things or parts.
around a pivot or axis.  It is the arrangement of space divisions in
f. Opposition – repetition of motifs in pleasing relationship.
opposite direction.  Proportions are generally expressed in
g. Parallelism – repletion of sets of terms of ratios.
parallel lines in pleasing relationship.
(Example: Weaving and Fence)
h. Complication – repetition of several
motifs in complicated arrangement.
(Example: Modern Dress)

4. EMPHASIS
 It is the principle of design which tends to
carry the eyes from the center of interest or
dominant part of any composition to the less
important or subordinate parts.

Methods of Emphasizing:
PRINCIPLES OF ART  It has to do with the way he manipulates his
 The principles of art are the different criteria to medium to express his ideas.
be able to understand and appreciate an
artwork. What are joined or put together? Elements.
 Elements refer to which the artist uses as
What is it for? Function. symbols (symbolic), pictures (pictorial), and
 FUNCTION refers to the personal, utilitarian, an expression to visualize and communicate
social, cultural and aesthetics purposes of variety of feelings and ideas.
arts.
How are they put together? Organization.
What it is all about? Subject matter.  Organization in visual art is seen or judged
 SUBJECT (THEME) OF ART refers to any through its design.
person, object, scene or event described or
represented in a work of art. Design
 is the overall organizational visual
Subjects/Themes of Art structure of the formal elements in a
1. Landscapes, Seascapes, and Cityscapes work of art.
(Sceneries)  It is also the proper arrangement of the
2. Still life different art elements in order to
3. Figures produce something beautiful.
4. History and Legend
5. Dreams and Fantasies Principles of Design
6. Animals  Organization of elements that work
7. Portraits together to give unity.
8. Everyday Life  These principles are rules or guides
9. Religion and Mythology to help one put the elements
together to achieve beauty.
What is its temper, mood, individuality? Is the  Making a design is like making a
personality of the artist revealed? Is the time and cake. The Elements are the
place revealed? Style or setting of the art. ingredients. The directions for
 The STYLE or SETTING reflects the mixing them together are the
conditions, circumstances and occurrences Principles.
affecting the production, reception and
audience response to the art work. How good is the piece of art? Judgment.
 This also refers to the context of the artist -  the manner one perceives beauty in an
his time and place. artwork.

What is it made of? Medium. To summarize the principles of arts:

 Medium refers to the materials or means  Function
which the artist uses to objectify his feeling  Subject Matter/Theme
or thought.  Style/Setting
 Medium
The Media of the Arts  Elements
 pigment in painting, stone, wood and metal  Organization
in sculpture, building materials in  Judgment
architecture, sound in music, words
(language) in literature and body In art, it is always better to start exploring the “how
movements in the combined arts. of it” then the “what is it”. For a work of art must be
encountered in itself, not as a statement of a
Technique philosophy, or an answer to a question. Art is not
 refers to the manner in which the artist only about something.
controls his medium to achieve the desired
effect. First of all, it is something. A work or art is not a
 It is the ability with which he fulfills the text or a commentary of the world. It is a being-in-
technical requirements of his particular the-world; it is as real as human existence.
work of art.
 - The wiki
PRINCIPLES OF GOOD ARCHITECTURE SteelConstruction.info
offers everything you could
The Roman architect, Vitruvius, in his treatise on possibly need to know about
architecture, De Architectura, asserted that there designing with steel.
were THREE PRINCIPLES OF GOOD
ARCHITECTURE: c. Plastic
- Although this may seem like
1. Firmatis (Durability) a cheap, unsustainable
 It should stand up robustly and remain material to some, one should
in good condition. This denotes not be so quick to judge the
something that is well-made and has a possibilities that plastic holds.
structure. - We produce so much of it;
 Detailed planning and durable why not recycle it in the form
composition lead to the best possible of architecture or bioplastics?
architectural outcome, given the factors - What about the whole new
of weather wear, pressure or damage. world that comes with 3D
 The materials we select and how they printing? The American
come together is a critical part of our Chemistry Council has a
process. great overview of plastics as
a material, as well as a
Materials rundown of their major uses
 Concrete-is the most widely used in architecture, with links to
building material in the world, further resources for each.
making it a good starting material to
get to know. d. Stone
 However, it also has - Another material used over
significant environmental impacts, generations in certain
including a carbon footprint of up to geographical locations
5% of worldwide emissions. around the world, stone has
a wide diversity of textures,
a. Wood colours and strengths.
- One of the oldest, most - Despite its heavy, solid
traditional building materials materiality, one can still work
around the world is of course with it to achieve diverse
timber. forms.
- The material is beginning to - The Building Stone
take on new forms thanks to Institute has a variety of
engineered wood products, resources including fact
and with high-rise buildings sheets and specification
and even translucent sheets for many of the most
properties, this diverse common types of stone used
material is being taken to in construction.
new heights.
- reThink Wood has a great e. Textiles
collection of resources to - Textiles have been explored
learn about, and help most commonly using tensile
architects design with, wood. structures, however there’s a
whole range of opportunities
b. Steel using this material: load-
- The city skylines as we know bearing chairs, inflatable
them exploded out of our spaces, fabric casting and
discovery of steel, commonly wooden fabrics amongst
used for reinforcement but others.
serving as a beautiful skin in - Fabric Architecture
several examples. Magazine has a collection of
 technical articles for  A building’s function can be categorized
architects, while their into its primary space and its secondary
resource guide provides a space.
comprehensive overview of  The primary space will be the main
the products on the market in function of the building (i.e. its rooms).
this category. The secondary space is what makes
the building usable (i.e. corridor, toilets
f. Glass etc.).
- Our most used material to
achieve transparency and 3. Venustas (Beauty)
light is without a doubt glass,  It should delight people and raise their
one of the most commonly spirits.
used façade elements in  Signifies that a design must have
contemporary architecture. beauty.
- Some are taking it a step  This involves order, arrangement,
further, attempting to extend eurhythmy and symmetry.
its properties to  For example, in a design, each
create "intelligent" responsive component is considered separately as
glass. well as proportionally to the whole. It
requires an arrangement and an
g. Brick adjustment dependent on its character.
- Despite its rigid, rectangular
shape made to fit in your Top Five Sustainable Architecture Strategies:
hand, brick architecture has 1. Passive Sustainable Design
been shown to  Passive strategies, such as considering sun
create beautiful orientation and climate when siting and
structures with the right being thoughtful about window placement
craftsmanship. and operation, are used to best manage
- Innovative thinkers are also daylighting and natural ventilation and go a
finding new ways to long way in reducing energy requirements
incorporate active for the building.
sustainability into the small  In certain climates, thermal mass
building elements. techniques can be used to harness solar
- The Brick Development energy. In such cases, thick walls absorb
heat from the sun during the day and
Association has a collection
release it into the building at night.
of resources for learning
more about brick.
Thermal mass
o is the ability of a material to absorb and
h. Bamboo
- Bamboo usage is generally store heat energy.
o A lot of heat energy is required to
dictated by the geographical
location of the architectural change the temperature of high density
project. materials like concrete, bricks and tiles.
- In locations, They are therefore said to have high
thermal mass.
where bamboo makes sense,
o Lightweight materials such as timber
it is an incredibly
flexible, strong, sustainable have low thermal mass.
material that can be useful in
many ways. 2. Active Sustainable Design
 Architects consult with mechanical and
2. Utilitas (Utility) electrical engineers to implement high-
 It should be useful and function well for efficiency electrical, plumbing and other
the people using it. This means a systems, which are designed to have small
design should have a function, a usage. environmental footprints.

3. Renewable Energy Systems 

  Renewable energy systems, including those  It is performed in many cultures as a form of
that harness solar and wind energy, are emotional expression, social interaction, or
also great options for some buildings. exercise, in a spiritual or performance setting,
 These systems are often used in and is sometimes used to express ideas or tell
conjunction with passive design strategies. a story.
 Dance may also be regarded as a form of
nonverbal communication between humans or
4. Green Building Materials and Finishes other animals, as in bee dances and behaviour
 By making it a priority to purchase steel, patterns such as a mating dances.
lumber, concrete, and finishing materials,  Definitions of what constitutes dance can
such as carpet and furnishings, from depend on social and cultural norms and
companies that use environmentally aesthetic, artistic and moral sensibilities.
responsible manufacturing techniques or
recycled materials. Humanities
 Is a set of discipline that includes grammar,
5. Native Landscaping philosophy, literature, history, dance and music.
 Landscaping choices can make a big impact  The term is derived from the Latin word
in civic building water consumption. HUMANUS, which means HUMAN.
 By using trees, plants, and grasses that are  This concerns humanity.
native to the area, architects can greatly  This explains why the arts are called the
reduce irrigation needs. HUMANITIES. They bring the GOOD and
 Landscaping can also be used as part of a NOBLE in us.
passive energy strategy.  Through the arts, we come to know the
 By planting trees that shade the roof and changing image of man… striving to achieve
windows during the hottest time of the day, the ideals that create MEANING FOR LIFE.
solar heat gain inside the building can be  Humanities concerns humanity.
reduced.  It records or interprets man’s thinking, feeling,
regrets, aspirations, failures and what he
6. Stormwater Management. supposed not to do in the world.
 When rain falls on an untouched site, the
water that doesn’t evaporate absorbs back Functions of Dance
into the ground, replenishing the natural  Personal
water table.  Aesthetic
 However, when a building is placed on the  Cultural
site, along with parking lots, sidewalks,  Social
access roads, and other hardscaping,
rainfall behaves differently. The water runs Dance Choreography
off these surfaces and into storm drains.  It is the arrangement of movement to express
 By implementing stormwater management an idea or concept.
strategies, such as pervious pavement that  It involves the process of discovering movement
helps to reduce runoff and retention ponds that provides a window into YOUR SOUL.
that capture runoff and slowly release water  Once you connect to that ability and create a
back into the ground, the negative movement that belongs to you, no matter how
environmental impact of buildings can be small, because it expresses who you are, then
reduced. you are a choreographer.

DANCE COMPOSITION and CHOREOGRAPHY What Makes a Dance a Good Dance?

DANCE
 A sequence of rhythmic steps or movements Form
usually performed to music, for pleasure or as a  One of the criteria of a good dance is that it has
form of social interaction. a shape of form.
 The art, profession, and study of dancing.  A form that progresses through time from the
 Dance is a type of art that generally involves beginning to the end of the choreography.
movement of the body, often rhythmic and to  In learning how to choreograph, you need to
music. develop a sense of how to give overall form to a
composition.
 One way to describe the development of a • a dance style with emphasis on LINE and
dance is to say that the C has beginning, SHAPE. Sometimes known as dance in an
middle, and conclusion or end. abstract style.
 Many smaller parts of movement comprise the
overall SHAPE of a dance composition. Learning to choreograph takes time.

Learning to Choreograph is a trial and error

Phrase process of LEARNING, EXPERIENCING, SEEING.
 Phrase is the smallest unit of movement in the IMPROVISATION IN DANCE
whole dance. It is widely assumed among dance educators who
train choreographers in the modern and/or post-
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD DANCE modern dance traditions that such training best
1. UNITY begins with improvisational activities.
• The separate movements in the
choreography must fit or flow together and The literature on the teaching and learning of
that each must be important to and choreography is packed with improvisation
contribute to the whole. exercises, all of which allegedly help students to
explore movement and develop movement
2. CONTINUITY materials that they will later select, shape, and form
• A sense of development that leads to a into complete dances.
logical conclusion.
We believe that students learn to become
3. TRANSITIONS choreographers through the development of critical
• Natural and organized progression of consciousness;
phrases.  the ability to describe
 analyse
4. VARIETY  interpret
• To provide VARIETY is to avoid repeating a  evaluate and imagine/implement revisions to
movement phrase in exactly the same their own and others' dances
manner each time it is included in a work.
For improvisation to function well as a kind of pre-
5. REPETITION choreography training, it must be accompanied by
• Certain phrases do need to be repeated in a training in criticism.
choreography. Repetition gives a feeling of
closure to a work. The process of feeling and forming.

DANCE STYLE The practice of improvised dance performance

1. JAZZ STYLE developed in the 1960’s and 70’s. Next came the
• movements that are vital, energetic and creation of a form called Contact Improvisation
alive with captivating energy and rhythm. which takes the concept of spontaneous movement
• Movements can be sharp and smooth and combines it with the idea of weight sharing with
frequently involves movements known as another (or several) dancers.
ISOLATIONS that are performed with only
one part of the body. 1. Improvisation being used as a performance
technique
2. LYRIC STYLE 2. Improvisation used as a choreographic tool
• in contrast to jazz dances, lyric dances are 3. Improvisation is also a great full body warm up.
calm, smooth, and controlled – similar to 4. Improvisation is used as a meditation.  
that of classical ballet.
DIFFERENT SOURCES OF IMPROVISATION
3. COMIC STYLE  VISUAL
• use the unusual and funny in everyday • pictures from any reading materials
happening. • lines, patterns, natural objects

4. GEOMETRIC STYLE  AUDITORY

• recorded music
 • percussive music played live body sounds 11. TRANSITION
• vocal sounds
12. COSTUME
 TACTILE (concrete, tangible objects) o Costumes must complement the
• nature objects choreography.
• objects having interesting qualities to touch o Consider:
- Flow and weight of materials.
- Costume color or colors
 KINESTHETIC - Style or cut of the garments
• pedestrian movements
• waving, saluting, shaking hands and other MOUNTING THE DANCE ON STAGE
gestures from life experiences o Blocking rehearsals
- Scheduling the Rehearsal
 IMAGERY
• beautiful sceneries o Performance
• body feelings
• dramatic scenes

 PROPS
• various pieces of clothing
• pieces of material draped on the body in
various wayss
• hoops of varying colors
• toys, sticks and poles, elastic bands etc.

ELEMENTS OF MOVEMENTS
1. SPACE – size, body parts, and levels in space.
o general space.
o self
o personal
o split focus
o relationship

2. LINE and SHAPE – may convey design,

meaning, and intent

3. SYMMETRY AND ASYMMETRY

4. LEVELS
o Low levels are close to the ground or with
the majority of the body touching the ground
e.g. Prone and supine
o Medium levels are created between the
knees and shoulders
e.g. squats, sitting, kneeling
o High levels are created above the
shoulders and head.
e.g. jumping and extreme movements
5. DIRECTION
6. DANCE MUSICALITY
7. RHYTHM
8. EMOTIONS
9. QUALITY LANGUAGE
10. SOUND